A descriptive study of the cultural mores and beliefs toward HIV/AIDS in Swaziland, Southern Africa

Abstract

Swaziland, located in the southern cone ofAfrica, has the second highest prevalence ratefor HIV in the world of males and femalesbetween the ages of 15 to 49, with 25% of thepopulation infected. The purpose of this studywas to adapt an HIV peer education curriculumto the culture and language of Swaziland. Adescriptive pilot study using individual andgroup interviews was conducted with theparticipation of key informants, government andnon-government officials, traditional healers,and nursing students.The data revealed the followingculture-specific themes: cultural moresinfluence sexual behavior; culturallysanctioned gender-based power differentialsexist; religious and cultural taboos influenceHIV/AIDS beliefs and behaviors; myths existconcerning condoms; intrapersonal/religiousconflicts influence condom use; conflict existsbetween traditional and government healthleaders, limited resources are available forcondom purchase; and limited support systemsare available for women. The research resultshave biopsychological as well as culturalimplications for providing HIV/AIDS peerprevention education and counseling for thispopulation.