Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Status of Banana Streak Disease in Africa: Problems and Future Research Needs

  • Published:
Integrated Pest Management Reviews

Abstract

Streak disease of banana and plantain caused by banana streak virus (BSV) was first reported in the Ivory Coast in 1974 and occurs in at least 16 countries in Africa. Based on genomic characteristics, BSV has been shown to be a member of genus Badnavirus. Efficient and reliable diagnostic methods for BSV have recently become widely available. This paper summarizes the current knowledge on its causal agent, geographical distribution, symptomatology, transmission, host range, available diagnostic techniques and management options for the disease in Africa. Further research needs are identified in light of the widespread occurrence of BSV in most plantain/banana germplasms and the difficulties in obtaining BSV-free plantlets through tissue culture.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Afifi, S.A. (1968) Morphology and taxonomy of the adult males of the families Pseudococcidae and Eriococcidae (Homoptera: Coccoidea). Bull. Br. Museum (Nat. History). London Entomol. Suppl. 13, 1–210.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ahlawat, Y.S., Pant, R.P., Lockhart, B.E.L., Srivastava, M., Chakraborty, N.K. and Varma, A. (1996) Association of badnavirus with citrus disease in India. Plant Dis. 80, 590–2.

    Google Scholar 

  • Balachowsky, A.S. (1927) Contribution a letude des coccides de l'Afrique minieure (Ire note). Ann. Soc. Entomol. France 96, 175–207.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bateson, M.F. and Dale, J.L. (1995) Banana bract mosaic virus: characterization using potyvirus specific degenerate PCR primers. Arch. Virol. 140, 515–27.

    Google Scholar 

  • Berg, L.A. and Bustamante, M. (1974) Heat treatment and meristem culture for the production of virus-free bananas. Phytopathology 64, 320–2.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bodenheimer, F.S. (1951) Citrus Entomology in the Middle East with Special Reference to Egypt, Iran, Iraq, Palestine, Syria and Turkey. W. Junk, Den Haag Gravenhage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bouhida, M., Lockhart, B.E.L. and Olszewski, N.E. (1993) An analysis of the complete sequence of a sugarcane bacilliform virus genome infectious to banana and rice. J. Gen. Virol. 74, 15–22.

    Google Scholar 

  • Burns, T.M., Harding, R.M. and Dale, J.L. (1995) The genome organization of banana bunchy top virus: analysis of six ssDNA components. J. Gen. Virol. 76, 1471–82.

    Google Scholar 

  • Commonwealth Institute of Entomology (1966) Ferrisia vergata (CKII). Distribution Maps of Insect Pests. Surrey, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Commonwealth Institute of Entomology (1971) Geococcus coffeae Green (Coffee root mealybug). Distribution Maps of Insect Pests. Surrey, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Commonwealth Institute of Entomology (1984) Pseudococcus longispinus (Targioni Tozzetti), Longtailed mealybug. Distribution Maps of Insect Pests. Surrey, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Crouch, J.H. (1996) Safe movement of Musa germplasm in West and Central Africa. In R. Ortiz and M.O. Akoroda (eds) Plantain and banana production and research in West and Central Africa: proceedings of a regional workshop, pp. 110–14. Ibadan: International Institute of Tropical Agriculture.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dahal, G., Hughes, J.d'A., Gauhl, F., Pasberg-Gauhl, C., Thottappilly, G., Tenkuano, A., Vuylsteke, D. and Lockhart, B.E.L. (1997) Evaluation of micropropagated plantains and bananas hybrids for banana streak badnavirus incidence in Nigeria. Phytopathology 87, S22.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dahal, G., Hughes, J.d'A., Thottappilly, G. and Lockhart, B.E.L. (1998a) Effect of temperature on symptom expression and reliability of banana streak badnavirus detection in naturally-infected plantains and bananas (Musa spp.). Plant Dis. 82, 16–21.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dahal, G., Hughes, J.d'A., Gauhl, F., Pasberg-Gauhl, C. and Nokoe, K.S. (1998b) Symptomatology and development of banana streak, a disease caused by banana streak badnavirus, under natural conditions in Ibadan, Nigeria. Acta Horticult. in press.

  • Dahal, G., Pasberg-Gauhl, C., Gauhl, F., Thottappilly, G. and Hughes, J.d'A. (1998c) Studies on Nigerian isolate of banana streak badnavirus. II. Effect of intraplant variation in virus accumulation and reliability of detection by ELISA. Ann. Appl. Biol. in press.

  • Dale, J.L. (1987) Banana bunchy top: an economically important tropical plant virus disease. Adv. Virus Res. 33, 301–5.

    Google Scholar 

  • Daniells, J., Thomas, J.E. and Smith, M.K. (1995) Seed transmission of banana streak badnavirus confirmed. InfoMusa 4, 7.

    Google Scholar 

  • De Lotto, G. (1958) The Pseudococcidae (Homoptera: Coccoidea) described by C.K. Brain from South Africa. Bull. Br. Museum (Nat. History) Entomol. 7, 79–120.

    Google Scholar 

  • De Lotto, G. (1964) Observation on African mealybugs. Bull. Br. Museum (Nat. History) Entomol. 1, 33–397.

    Google Scholar 

  • De Lotto, G. (1967) A contribution to the knowledge of the African Coccoidea (Homoptera). J. Entomol. Soc. S. Africa 29, 109–20.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dekle, G.W. (1965) A root mealybug (Geococcus coffeae Green) (Homoptera: Pseudococcodae). Entomol. Circular, Florida Dept Agricult. 43, 2.

    Google Scholar 

  • Diekmann, M. and Putter, C.A.J. (1996) FAO/IPGRI Technical Guidelines for the Safe Movement of Germplasm. No. 15. Musa, 2nd edn. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations/International Plant Genetic Resources Institute.

    Google Scholar 

  • Frison, E. and Putter, C.A.J. (1989) FAO/IPGR Technical Guidelines for the Safe Movement of Musa Germplasm. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations/International Plant Genetic Resources.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gauhl, F. and Pasberg-Gauhl, C. (1995) Temporal dynamics of banana streak badnavirus (BSV) symptoms in Musa clones in southeast Nigeria. Phytomedizin 25, 27.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gold, C.S., Speijer, P.R., Rukazambuga, N.D. and Karamura, E.B. (1994) Assessment of banana weevils in East African highland banana systems and strategies for control. In R.V. Valmayor, R.G. Davide, J.M. Stanton, N.L. Treverrow and V.N. Roa (eds) Banana nematodes and weevil borers in Asia and the Pacific: proceedings of a conference-workshop on nematodes and weevil borers affecting bananas in Asia and the Pacific, pp. 170–90. Los Banos, Laguna, Philippines: International Network for the Improvement of Banana and Plantain/APSNET.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hall, W.J. (1922) Observations on the Coccidae of Egypt. Min. Agricult. Egypt Tech. Sci. Service Bull. 22, 1–54.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harper, G., Dahal, G. and Hull, R. (1996a) Detection of banana streak virus. Diagnost. Crop Protect., Symp. Proc. 65, 47–51.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harper, G., Briddon, R.W., Philipps, S., Brunt, A. and Hull, R. (1996b) Cloning of banana streak and Dioscorea alata badnaviruses: two novel badnavirus sequences. Phytopathology 86(11), S100.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hay, J.M., Jones, M.C., Blakebrough, M.L., Dasgupta, I., Davies, J.W. and Hull, R. (1991) An analysis of the sequence of an infectious clone of rice tungro bacilliform virus, a plant pararetrovirus. Nucleic Acids Res. 19, 2615–21.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hirochika, H. (1993) Activation of tobacco retrotransposons during tissue culture. EMBO J. 12, 2521–8.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hu, J.S., Gonsalves, D., Maixner, M. and Golino, D. (1991) Comparison of rapid detection assay for grape vine leafroll disease associated closterovirus. Vitis 30, 87–95.

    Google Scholar 

  • International Network for the Improvement of Banana and Plantain (1993) Medium-term Plan 1994–1998. Montpellier: International Network for the Improvement of Banana and Plantain. France.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jones, D.R. (1994) Risk involved in the transfer of banana and plantain germplasm. In D.R. Jones (ed.) The improvement and testing of Musa: a global partnership, pp. 85–98. Montpellier: International Network for the Improvement of Banana and Plantain.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jones, D.R. and Iskra-Caruana, M.L. (1994) Screening banana and plantain germplasm at INIBAP's virus indexing centers. In D.R. Jones (ed.) The improvement and testing of Musa: a global partnership, pp. 99–105. Montpellier: International Network for the Improvement of Banana and Plantain.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jones, D.R. and Lockhart, B.E.L. (1993) Banana Streak Disease. Montpellier: International Network for the Improvement of Banana and Plantain.

    Google Scholar 

  • LaFleur, D.A., Lockhart, B.E.L. and Olszewski, N.E. (1996) Portions of the banana streak badnavirus genome are integrated in the genome of its host Musa spp. Phytopathology 86(11), S100.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lassoudiere, A. (1974) La mosaique dite ‘a tires’ du bananier ‘Payo’ en Cote d'Ivoire. Fruits 29, 349–57.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lassoudiere, A. (1979) Mise en evidence des repercussions economique due la mosque en tirets du bananier en Cote d'Ivoire. Possibilities de lutte par eradication. Fruits 34, 3–34.

    Google Scholar 

  • Le Pelley, R.H. (1968) Pests of Coffee. London: Longman.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lockhart, B.E.L. (1986) Purification and serology of a bacilliform virus associated with a streak disease of banana. Phytopathology 76, 995–9.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lockhart, B.E.L. (1990) Evidence for a double-stranded circular DNA genome in a second group of plant viruses. Phytopathology 80, 127–31.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lockhart, B.E.L. (1994) Banana streak virus. In R.C. Ploetz, G.A. Gentmyer, W.T., Nishijima, K.G., Rohrbach and H.D. Ohr (eds) Compendium of tropical plant diseases, pp. 19–20. St Paul, MN: APS Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lockhart, B.E.L. (1998) Virus diseases of Musa in Africa: epidemiology, detection and control. Acta Horticult. in press.

  • Lockhart, B.E.L. and Autrey, L.J.C. (1988) Occurrence in sugarcane of bacilliform virus related serologically to banana streak virus. Plant Dis. 72, 230–3.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lockhart, B.E.L. and Autrey, L.J.C. (1991) Mealybug transmission of sugarcane bacilliform and sugarcane clostero-like viruses. In Third Sugarcane Pathology Workshop of International Society of Sugarcane Technologists, p. 17.

  • Lockhart, B.E.L. and Olszewski, N.E. (1993) Serological and genomic heterogeneity of banana streak badnavirus: implications for virus detection in Musa germplasm. In J. Ganry (ed.) Breeding banana and plantain for resistance to diseases and pests, pp. 105–13. Montpellier: International Network for the Improvement of Banana and Plantain.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lockhart, B.E.L., Olszewski, N.E. and Hull, R. (1995) Badnavirus. In F.A. Murphy, C.M. Fauquet, D.H.L. Bishop, S.A. Ghabrial, A.V. Jarvis, G.P. Martelli, M.A. Mayo and M.D. Summers (eds) Virus taxonomy: classification and nomenclature of viruses, pp. 185–8. New York: Springer-Verlag.

    Google Scholar 

  • Matile-Ferrero, D. and Williams, D.J. (1995) Recent outbreaks of mealybugs on plantain (Musa spp.) in Nigeria including a new record for Africa and a description of a new species of Planococcus (Ferris) (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae). Bull. Soc. Entomol. France 100, 445–9.

    Google Scholar 

  • Medberry, S.L., Lockhart, B.E.L. and Olszewski, N.E. (1990) Properties of Commelina yellow mottle virus's complete DNA sequence, genomic discontinuities and transcript suggest that it is a pararetrovirus. Nucleic Acids Res. 18, 5505–13.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mousa, J.P. and Matile-Ferrero, D. (1988) Sur la presence du nouveau ravager, Rastrococcus invadens Williams, en Republique de Congo. Bull. Soc. Entomol. France 93, 2.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ndowora, T.C.R. and Lockhart, B.E.L. (1998) Improved serological methods for detecting banana streak virus. Acta Horticult. in press.

  • Ndowora, T.C.R., Lockhart, B.E.L. and Olszewski, N.O. (1997) Relationship between integrated and episomal badnavirus genomic sequences in Musa. Phytopathology 87(6), S69.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nweke, F., Njoku, J. and Wilson, G.F. (1988) Productivity and limitations of plantain (Musa spp. cv. AAB) production in compound gardens in South-eastern Nigeria. Fruits 43, 161–6.

    Google Scholar 

  • Olszewski, N.O. and Lockhart, B.E.L. (1992) Use of PCR technology for the detection and analysis of badnaviruses. Phytopathology 82, 1087.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ortiz, R. (1996) The potential of AMMI analysis for field assessment of Musa genotypes to virus infection. HortScience 31, 829–32.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ortiz, R. and Vuylsteke, D. (1994) Plantain breeding at IITA. In D.R. Jones (ed.) The improvements and testing of Musa: a global partnership, pp. 130–56. Montpellier: International Network for the Improvement of Banana and Plantain.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pasberg-Gauhl, C., Gauhl, F., Schill, P., Lockhart, B.E.L., Afreh-Nuamah, K., Osei, J.K. and Zuofa, K. (1996) First report of banana streak virus in farmers' fields in Benin, Ghana and Nigeria, West Africa. Plant Dis. 80, 224.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ramos, C. and Zamora, A.B. (1990) Elimination of banana bunchy top infection from banana (Musa spp. cv. Lakatan) by heat treatment and meristem culture. Philippine J. Crop Sci. 15, 119–23.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stover, R.H. (1972) Banana, Plantain and Abaca diseases. Kew, UK: Commonwealth Mycological Institute.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stover, R.H. and Simmonds, N.W. (1987) Bananas. London: Longman.

    Google Scholar 

  • Swennen, R. and De Langhe, E. (1989) Threats to the highland banana in Eastern Africa. Musarama 2(1), 2–5.

    Google Scholar 

  • Swennen, R., Vuylsteke, D. and Hahn, S.K. (1989) Combating the black sigatoka threats to plantains. IITA Res. Briefs 9(2), 2–4.

    Google Scholar 

  • Swennen, R., Vuylsteke, D. and Ortiz, R. (1995) Phenotypic diversity and patterns of variation in West and Central African plantains (Musa spp., AAB Group Musaceae). Econ. Botany 49, 320–7.

    Google Scholar 

  • Thomas, J.E., Smith, S.K., Kessling, A.F. and Hamill, S.D. (1995) Inconsistent transmission of banana bunchytop virus in micropropagated bananas and its implication for germplasm screening. Aust. J. Agricult. Res. 46, 663–71.

    Google Scholar 

  • Thottappilly, G., Dahal, G., Harper, G., Hull, R. and Lockhart, B.E.L. (1997) Banana streak badnavirus: development of diagnostics by ELISA and PCR. Phytopathology 87(6), S97.

    Google Scholar 

  • Thottappilly, G., Dahal, G. and Lockhart, B.E.L. (1998) Studies on a Nigerian isolate of banana streak badnavirus. I. Purification and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Ann. Appl. Biol. in press.

  • Tushmereirwe, T., Karamura, E.B. and Karyeija, R. (1996) Banana streak virus (BSV) and associated filamentous virus (unidentified) disease complex of highland bananas in Uganda. InfoMusa 5, 9–12.

    Google Scholar 

  • United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (1992) FAO Yearbook, Production 1991, Vol. 45. Rome: FAO.

    Google Scholar 

  • van Regenmortel, M.H.V. and Burckard, J. (1980) Detection of a wide spectrum of tobacco mosaic virus strains by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Virology 106, 327–34.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vuylsteke, D. and Ortiz, R. (1995) Plantain-derived diploid hybrids (TMP2X) with black sigatoka resistance. HortScience 30, 147–9.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vuylsteke, D., Ortiz, R. and Swennen, R. (1992) Plantains and bananas. In Sustainable food production and sub-Saharan Africa, pp. 86–91. Ibadan: International Institute of Tropical Agriculture.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vuylsteke, D., Ortiz, R., Pasberg-Gauhl, C., Gauhl, F., Gold, C., Ferris, S. and Speijer, P. (1993) Plantain and banana research at the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture. HortScience 28, 873–4, 970–1.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vuylsteke, D.R., Chizala, C.T. and Lockhart, B.E.L. (1996) First report of banana streak virus disease in Malawi. Plant Dis. 80, 224.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wardlaw, C.W. (1961) Banana Diseases. New York: John Wiley & Sons.

    Google Scholar 

  • Williams, D.J. (1969) A revision of the genus Geococcus Green (Homoptera: Coccoidea, Pseudococcidea). Bull. Entomol. Res. 59, 505–17.

    Google Scholar 

  • Williams, D.J. (1989) The mealybug genus Rastrococcus Ferris. System. Entomol. 14, 433–86.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wilson, G.F. (ed.) (1988) Plantain in Western Africa: Report of a Mission Organised by INIBAP and Sponsored by IFAD, IITA and IRFA-CIRAD. Montpellier: International Network for the Improvement of Banana and Plantain.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Oyo Road, PMB 5320, Ibadan, Nigeria

    G. Dahal & J.d'A. Hughes

  2. Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN, 55108, USA

    G. Dahal & B.E.L. Lockhart

Authors
  1. G. Dahal
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. J.d'A. Hughes
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. B.E.L. Lockhart
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Dahal, G., Hughes, J. & Lockhart, B. Status of Banana Streak Disease in Africa: Problems and Future Research Needs. Integrated Pest Management Reviews 3, 85–97 (1998). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1009643713569

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1009643713569

Search

Navigation