Abstract
The present work highlights metal-organic acid interactions with special reference to their plant availability. Pot experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of various organic (carboxylic and amino) acids on the uptake and translocation of root-absorbed Cd by maize (Zea mays) plants grown in sand and soil culture. Statistically significant increases in Cd accumulation from Cd-treated plants in the presence of increasing concentrations of organic acids, suggest the existence of Cd-organic acid interactions in the soil-plant system. In order to support the above hypothesis of formation of organically bound Cd, separate experiments were performed to synthesize and estimate its various forms viz. cationic, anionic and neutral. The chemical nature of the organically bound forms was ascertained by electrophoretic experiments. Amino acids have been found to be less effective in the mobilisation of cadmium compared to carboxylic acids. The results are discussed on the basis of the potential of organic acids to form complexes with Cd.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Batley G E 1991 Trace elements speciation. Analytical methods and problems, CRC Press Inc. Boca Raton. FL, USA. 365 p.
Cataldo D A, McFadden K M, Garland T R and Widung R E 1988 Organic constituents and complexation of nickel (II), iron (III), cadmium (II) and plutonium (IV) in Soyabean xylem exudates. Plant Physiol. 86, 734–739.
Cieslinski G, Van Rees K C J, Szmigielska A M, Krishnamurti G S R and Huang P M 1998 Low-molecular-weight organic acids in rhizosphere soils of durum wheat and their effect on cadmium bioaccumulation. Plant Soil 203, 109–117.
Costa G, Michaut J C and Guckert A 1997 Amino acids exuded from axenic roots of lettuce and white Lupin seedlings exposed to different cadmium concentrations. J Plant Nutr. 20, 883–900.
Cox J A, Slonawska K, Gatchel D K and Hiebert A B 1984 Metal speciation by Donnan dialysis. Anal. Chem. 56, 650–653.
Deb D L, Kohli C B S and Joshi O P 1976 Stability constants of Zn II-humic acid complexes. Fert. Technol. 13, 25–29.
Galal-Gorchev H 1993 Dietary intake, levels in food and estimated intake of lead, cadmium and mercury. Food Addit. Contam. 10, 115–128.
Haghiri F 1974 Plant uptake of cadmium as influenced by Cation Exchange Capacity, organic matter, Zinc and soil temperature. J. Environ. Qual. 3, 180–183.
Hewitt 1966 Sand and water culture methods used in the study of plant nutrition.Technical communication 22, Common wealth Agriculture Bureaux. England: 399–463.
Hoagland D and Arnon D I 1950 The water culture method for growing plants without soils. Bull. Calilfornia Agric. Station. 346 p.
Jarvis S C, Jones H P and Hopper M J 1976 Cadmium uptake from solution by plants and its transport from roots to shoots. Plant Soil 44, 179–191.
Jones D L, Edwards A C, Donachie K and Darrah P R 1994 Role of Proteinaceous amino acids released in root exudates in nutrient acquistion from the rhizosphere. Plant Soil 158, 183–192.
Jones D L and Darrah P R 1994 Role of root derived organic acids in the mobilization of nutrients from the rhizosphere. Plant Soil 166, 247–257.
Jones D L, Darrah P R and Kochian V L 1996 Critical evaluation of organic acid mediated iron dissolution in the rhizosphere and its potential role in root iron uptake. Plant Soil 180, 57–66.
Kabata-Pendias A and Pendias H 1992 Trace Elements in Soils and Plants. 2nd edn. CRC Press Inc. Boca Raton. FL, USA. 365 p.
Mench M and Martin E 1991 Mobilization of cadmium and other metals from two soils by root exudates of Zea mays L., Nicotiana tabacum L. and Nicotiana rustica L.. Plant Soil 132, 187–196.
Miller J E, Hassett JJ and Koeppe D E1976 Uptake of cadmium by Soyabeans as Influenced by soil cation exchange capacity, pH and Available Phosphorus. J. Environ. Qual. 5, 157–160.
Nakayama E 1981 Chemical speciation of chromium sea water: Effect of naturally occuring organic materials on the complex formation of chromium III. Anal. Chim. Acta. 130, 289–294.
Naidu R and Harter R D 1998 Effect of different organic ligands on Cadmium sorption and extractability from soils. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 62, 644–650.
Peterson P J and Alloway B J1979 Cadmium in soils and vegetation. In The Chemistry, Biochemistry and Biology of Cadmium Ed. M Webb, pp 45–93. Elsevier, North Holland Biomedical Press, Amsterdam.
Senden M H M N and Wolterbeek H Th 1990 Effect of citric acid on the transport of cadmium through Xylem vessels of excised tomato stem-leaf systems. Acta Bio. Neet. 39, 297–303.
Sposito G 1985 The distribution of potentially hazardous trace metals. In Concepts in Metal Toxicology: Metal Ions in Biological systems. Ed. H Siegal, Dekker, New York.
Srivastava S, Prakash S and Srivastava M M 1999a Studies on mobilization of chromium with acids. Bio Metals 12, 201–207.
Srivastava S, Shanker K, Prakash S and Srivastava M M 1999b Bioavailability of chromium; An interactive aspect. J. Environ. Biol. 20, 49–54.
Srivastava S, Prakash S and Srivastava M M 1999c Chromium mobilization and plant availability – the impact of organic complexation ligands. Plant Soil 212, 203–208.
Tiffin L O 1970 Translocation of iron citrate and phosphorus in xylem exudate of Soybean. Plant Physiol. 45, 280–283.
Tiffin L O 1972 Translocation of micronutrients in plants. In Mortvedt J J et al. (ed): Micronutrients in Agriculture. Eds. JJ Mortvedt et al. pp 199–229. Soil Science Society of America. Madison.
White M C, Chaney R L and Decker A M 1981 Metal complexation in xylem fluid. III Electrophoretic evidence. Plant Physiol. 67, 311–315.
Wolterbeek H Th, Van Luipen J and De Bruin M 1984 Non-Steady State xylem transport of fifteen elements into the tomato leaf as measured by gamma-ray spectroscopy: a model. Plant Physiol. 61, 599–606.
Xue Dongser, Robert R H and Charles L H 1995 Effect of organic acid on cadmium toxicity in tomato and bean growth. J Environ. Sci. 7, 399–406.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Nigam, R., Srivastava, S., Prakash, S. et al. Cadmium mobilisation and plant availability – the impact of organic acids commonly exuded from roots. Plant and Soil 230, 107–113 (2001). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1004865811529
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1004865811529