Abstract
The present paper reports the immunohistochemical distribution of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) structures in the brain of the Senegalese sole, Solea senegalensis. In this study, we have used two antibodies against the salmon GnRH and chicken GnRH-II forms and the streptavidin–biotin-peroxidase complex method. Immunoreactive cell bodies are observed at the junction between the olfactory bulbs and the telencephalon (terminal nerve ganglion cells), in the ventral telencephalon, in the preoptic parvocellular nucleus, and in the synencephalic nucleus of the medial longitudinal fasciculus. GnRH-immunoreactive fibres were found extensively throughout the brain, located in the telencephalon, preoptic area, hypothalamus, hypophysis, optic tectum, midbrain and rhombencephalon. The antisera used in this study against the two GnRH forms exhibited cross-reactivity on the same cell masses and did not allow cell populations expressing different GnRH forms to be discriminated clearly. However, anti-salmon GnRH immunostained the GnRH cells and fibres of the forebrain much more intensely, whereas the anti-chicken GnRH antiserum shows a higher immunoreactivity on synencephalic cells of the medial longitudinal fasciculus.
Similar content being viewed by others
References cited
Amano M, Oka Y, Aida K, Okumoto N, Kawashima S, Hasegawa Y (1991) Immunocytochemical demonstration of salmon GnRH and chicken GnRH-II in the brain of masu salmon, Oncorhynchus masou. J Comp Neurol 314: 587-597.
Andersson E, Bogerd J, Borg B, Sharp PJ, Sherwood NM, Goos HJTH (1995) Characterization and localization of gonadotropin-releasing hormone in the brain and pituitary of the three-spined stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus. Cell Tissue Res 279: 485-493.
Batten TFC, Cambré ML, Moons L, Vandesande F (1990) Comparative distribution of neuropeptide-immunoreactive systems in the brain of the green molly, Poecilia latipinna. J Comp Neurol 302: 893-919.
Bennis M, Dubourg P, Gamrani H, Calas A, Kah O (1989) Existence of a GnRH immunoreactive nucleus in the dorsal midbrain tegmentum of the chameleon. Gen Comp Endocrinol 75: 195-203.
Breton B, Weil C, Jalabert B, Billard R (1972) Activité réciproque des facteurs hypothalamiques de bèlier (Ovis aries) et de poissons téléostèens sur la sécrétion in vitro des hormones gonadotropes c-HG et LH respectivement par des hypophyses de carpe et de bèlier. CR Acad Sci (III) 264: 2530-2533.
Breton B, Motin A, Billard R, Kah O, Geoffre S, Précigoux G (1986) Immunoreactive gonadotropin-releasing hormone-like material in the brain and the pituitary gland during the periovulatory period in the brown trout (Salmo trutta L.): relationships with the plasma and pituitary gonadotropin. Gen Comp Endocrinol 61: 109-119.
Burgus R, Butcher M, Amoss M, Ling N, Monahan M, Rivier J, Fellows R, Blackwell R, Vale W, Guillemin R (1972) Primary structure of the ovin hypothalamic luteinizing hormone releasing factor (LRF). Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 69: 278-282.
Chang JP, Jobin RM (1994) Regulation of gonadotropin release in vertebrates: a comparison of GnRH mechanisms of action. In: Davey KB, Peter RE, Tobe SS, eds. Perspectives in Comparative Endocrinology. Otawa: National Research Council of Canada. pp. 41-51.
Coe IR, Grier HJ, Sherwood NM (1992) Gonadotropin-releasing hormone in the molly, Poecilia latipinna: molecular form, quantity and location. J Exp Zool 261: 414-423.
Dinis MT (1992) Aspects of the potential of Solea senegalensis Kaup for aquaculture: larval rearing and weaning to an artificial diet. Aquacult Fish Manage 23: 515-520.
Drake P, Arias AM, Rodriguez RB (1984) Cultivo extensivo de peces marinos en los esteros de las salinas de San Fernando (Cádiz). II. Características de la producción de peces. Inf Tec Inst Inv Pesq 116: 1-23.
Fehri-Bedoui R (1997) Solea senegalensis (Kaup, 1858). Elevage, comportement trophique et morpho-histologie. Ph.D. thesis. 223 pp. Faculty of Sciences of Tunis. Tunis University.
Goos HJTh, De Leeuw R, De Zoeten-Kamp C, Peute J, Blaser S (1985) Gonadotropin-releasing hormone-immunoreactive neuronal structures in the brain and pituitary of the African catfish, Clarias gariepinus (Burchell). Cell Tissue Res 241: 593-596.
Goos HJTh, Bosma PT, Bogerd J, Tensen CP, Li KW, Zandbergen MA, Schulz RW (1997) Gonadotropin-releasing hormones in the African catfish: molecular forms, localization, potency and receptors. Fish Physiol Biochem 17: 45-51.
Gothilf Y, Muñoz-Cueto JA, Sagrillo CA, Selmanoff M, Chen TT, Elizur A, Kah O, Zohar Y (1996) Three forms of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone in a teleost fish: cDNA characterization and brain localization. Biol Reprod 55: 636-645.
Grober MS, Bass AH (1991) Neuronal correlates of sex/role changes in labrid fishes: LHRH-like immunoreactivity. Brain Behav Evol 38: 302-312.
Gutiérrez M, Sarasquete C, Rodriguez RB (1985) Caracteres citohistoqu ímicos de carbohidratos y proteínas durante la ovogénesis del lenguado, Solea senegalensis, Kaup, 1858. Inv Pesq 49: 353-363.
Idler DR, Everard BA (1987) Mammalian, salmon, and chicken-like LHRH's from hypothalami of winter flounder (Pseudopleuronectes americanus) as evidenced by chromatographic mobility and immunoreactivity. In: Idler DR, Crim LW, Walash JM, eds. Proceedings of the Third International Symposium on the Reproductive Physiology of Fish. Marine Science Research Laboratory. p. 30. Memorial University of Newfoundland. Newfoundland. Canada.
Jiménez-Liñan M, Rubin BS, King JC (1997) Examination of guinea pig luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone gene reveals a unique decapeptide and existence of two transcripts in the brain. Endocrinology 138: 4213-4230.
Kah O, Breton B, Dulka JG, Nunez-Rodriguez J, Peter RE, Corrigan A, Rivier JE, Vale WW (1986) A reinvestigation of the Gn-RH (gonadotrophin-releasing hormone) systems in the goldfish brain using antibodies to salmon Gn-RH. Cell Tissue Res 244: 327-337.
Kah O, Zanuy S, Mañanos E., Anglade I, Carrillo M (1991) Distribution of salmon gonadotrophin-releasing hormone in the brain and pituitary of the sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax). Cell Tissue Res 266: 129-136.
Kah O, Anglade I, Lepretre E, Dubourg P, De Monbrinson D (1993) The reproductive brain in fish. Fish Physiol Biochem 11: 85-98.
Kah O, Zanuy S, Pradelles P, Cerda JL, Carrillo M (1994) An enzyme immunoassay for salmon gonadotropin-releasing hormone and its application to the study of the effects of diet on brain and pituitary GnRH in the sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax. Gen Comp Endocrinol 95: 464-474.
Kim M-H, Oka Y, Amano M, Kobayashi M, Okuzawa K, Hasegawa Y, Kawashima S, Suzuki Y, Aida K (1995) Immunocytochemical localization of sGnRH and cGnRH-II in the brain of goldfish, Carassius auratus. J Comp Neurol 356: 72-82.
King JA, Millar RP (1982a) Structure of chicken hypothalamic luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone I. Structural determination on partially purified material. J Biol Chem 257: 10722-10728.
King JA, Millar RP (1982b) Structure of chicken hypothalamic luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone II. Isolation and characterization. J Biol Chem 257: 10729-10732.
King JA, Millar RP (1992) Evolution of gonadotropin-releasing hormones. Trends Endocrinol Metab 3: 339-346.
Kobayashi M, Amano M, Kim MH, Yoshiura Y, Sohn YC, Suetake H, Aida K (1997) Gonadotropin-releasing hormone and gonadotropin in goldfish and masu salmon. Fish Physiol Biochem 17: 1-8.
Leprétre E, Anglade I,Williot P, Vandesande F, Tramu G, Kah O (1993) Comparative distribution of mammalian GnRH (gonadotrophinreleasing hormone) and chicken GnRH-II in the brain of the immature Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baeri). J Comp Neurol 337: 568-583.
Lovejoy DA, Fischer WH, Ngamvongchon S, Craig AG, Nahorniak CS, Peter RE, Rivier JE, Sherwood NM (1992) Distinct sequence of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) in dogfish brain provides insight into GnRH evolution. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 89: 6373-6377.
Marchant TA, Chang JP, Nahorniak CS, Peter RE (1989) Evidence that gonadotropin-releasing hormone also functions as a growth hormonereleasing factor in the goldfish. Endocrinology 124: 2509-2518.
Matsuo H, Baba Y, Nair RMG, Arimura A, Schally AV (1971) Structure of the porcin LH-and FSH-releasing hormone. I. The proposed amino acid sequences. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 43: 1334-1339.
Miyamoto K, Hasegawa Y, Minegishi T, Nomura M, Takahashi Y, Igarashi M, Kangawa K, Matsuo H (1982) Isolation and characterization of hypothalamic luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 107: 820-827.
Miyamoto K, Hasegawa I, Nomura M, Igarashi M, Kangawa K, Matsuo H (1984) Identification of the second gonadotropin-releasing hormone in chicken hypothalamus: evidence that gonadotropin secretion is probably controlled by two distinct gonadotropin-releasing hormones in avian species. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 81: 3874-3878.
Montero M, Vidal B, Vandesande F, King JA, Tramu G, Dufour S, Kah O (1994) Comparative distribution of mammalian GnRH (gonadotrophin-releasing hormone) and chicken GnRH-II in the brain of the European eel. J Chem Neuroanat 7: 227-241.
Mourente G, Vázquez R (1996) Changes in the content of total lipid, lipid classes and their fatty acids of developing eggs and unfed larvae of the Senegal sole, Solea senegalensis Kaup. Fish Physiol Biochem 15: 221-235.
Münz HP, Stumpf WE, Jennes L (1981) LHRH systems in the brain of platyfish. Brain Res 221: 1-13.
Muske LE (1993) Evolution of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neuronal systems. Brain Behav Evol 42: 215-230.
Navas JM, Anglade I, Bailhache T, Pakdel F, Breton B, Jégo P, Kah O (1995) Do gonadotrophin-releasing hormone neurons express estrogen receptors in the rainbow trout? A double immunohistochemical study. J Comp Neurol 363: 461-474.
Ngamvongchon S, Lovejoy DA, Fischer WH, Craig AG, Nahorniak CS, Sherwood NM (1992) Primary structure of two forms of gonadotropinreleasing hormone, one distinct and one conserved, from catfish brain. Mol Cell Neurosci 3: 17-22.
Nunez-Rodriguez J, Kah O, Breton B, Le Menn F (1985) Immunocytochemical localization of GnRH (gonadotrophin releasing hormone) systems in the brain of a marine teleost, the sole. Experientia 41: 1574-1576.
Oka Y (1992) Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) cells of the terminal nerve as a model neuromodulator system. Neurosci Lett 142: 119-122.
Oka Y, Ichikawa M (1990) Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) immunoreactive system in the brain of the dwarf gourami (Colisa lalia) as revealed by light microscopy using a monoclonal antibody to common amino acid sequence of GnRH. J Comp Neurol 300: 511-522.
Okuzawa K, Amano M, Kobayashi M, Aida K, Hanyu I, Hasegawa Y, Miyamoto K (1990) Differences in salmon GnRH and chicken GnRH-II contents in discrete brain areas of male and female rainbow trout according to age and stage of maturity. Gen Comp Endocrinol 80: 116-126.
Okuzawa K, Amano M, Aida K, Hasegawa Y, Tanaka H, Kagawa H (1993) Chromatographic and immunological identification of gonadotropin-releasing hormone in five marine teleosts. Fish Physiol Biochem 12: 337-345.
Okuzawa K, Granneman J, Bogerd J, Goos HJTh, Zohar Y, Kagawa H (1997). Distinct expression of GnRH genes in the red seabream brain. Fish Physiol Biochem 17: 71-79.
Parhar IS (1997) GnRH in tilapia: three genes, three origins and their roles. In: Parhar IS, Sakuma Y, eds. GnRH Neurons: Gene to Behavior. Tokyo: Brain Shuppan, Chapter 5, pp. 99-122.
Parhar IS, Iwata M (1994) Gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons project to growth hormone and somatolactin cells in the steelhead trout. Histochemistry 102: 195-203.
Parhar IS, Sakuma Y (1997) Regulation of forebrain and midbrain GnRH neurons in juvenile teleosts. Fish Physiol Biochem 17: 81-84.
Powell JFF, ZoharY, Elizur A, Park M, Fischer WH, Craig AG, Rivier JE, Lovejoy DA, Sherwood NM (1994) Three forms of gonadotropinreleasing hormone characterized from brains of one species. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 91: 12081-12085.
Powell JFF, Reska-Skinner S, Prakash MO, Fisher WH, Park M, Rivier JE, Craig AG, Mackie GO, Sherwood NM (1996) Two new forms of gonadotropin-releasing hormone in a protochordate and the evolutionary implications. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 93: 10461-10464.
Rastogi RK, Di Meglio M, Iela L (1990) Immunoreactive luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone in the frog (Rana esculenta) brain: distribution pattern in the adult, seasonal changes, castration effects, and developmental aspects. Gen Comp Endocrinol 78: 444-458.
Rendón C, Rodríguez-Gómez JA, Muñoz-Cueto JA, Piñuela C, Sarasquete C (1997) An immunocytochemical study of pituitary cells of the Senegalese sole, Solea senegalensis (Kaup, 1858). Histochem J 29: 813-822.
Sarasquete C, Muñoz-Cueto JA, Gonzalez De Canales ML, Rodriguez RB (1993) Histological, histochemical and immunohistochemical characteristics during oogenesis of Solea senegalensis(Kaup, 1858) in the gulf of Cádiz (Spain). Actas IV Congreso Nac Acuicultura 49-54.
Sarasquete C, González De Canales ML, Arellano J, Muñoz-Cueto JA, Riveiro L, Dinis MT (1996) Histochemical aspects of the yolk-sac and digestive tract of larvae of the Senegal sole, Solea senegalensis (Kaup, 1856). Histol Histopathol 11: 881-888.
Schulz RW, Bosma PT, Zandbergen MA, Van Der Sanden MC, Van Dijk W, Peute J, Bogerd J, Goos HJTh (1993) Two gonadotropinreleasing hormones in the African catfish, Clarias gariepinus: localization, pituitary receptor binding, and gonadotropin release activity. Endocrinology 133: 1569-1577.
Sherwood NM (1986) Evolution of a neuropeptide family: gonadotropinreleasing hormone. Am Zool 26: 1041-1054.
Sherwood N, Eiden L, Brownstein M, Spiess J, Rivier J, Vale W (1983) Characterization of a teleost gonadotropin-releasing hormone. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 80: 2794-2798.
Sherwood NM, Harvey B, Brownstein MJ, Eiden LE (1984) Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) in striped mullet (Mugil cephalus), milkfish (Chanos chanos and rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri): comparison with salmon GnRH. Gen Comp Endocrinol 55: 174-181.
Sherwood NM, Sower SA, Marshak DR, Fraser BA, Brownstein MJ (1986) Primary structure of gonadotropin-releasing hormones from lamprey brain. J Biol Chem 261: 4812-4819.
Sherwood NM, Lovejoy DA, Coe IR (1993) Origin of mammalian gonadotropin-releasing hormones. Endocrine Rev 14: 241-254.
Somoza GM, Stefano A, D'eramo JL, Canosa LF, Fridman O (1994) Immunoreactive GnRH suggesting a third form of GnRH in addition to cIIGnRH and sGnRH in the brain and pituitary gland of Prochilodus lineatus (Characiformes). Gen Comp Endocrinol 94: 44-52.
Sower SA, Chiang YC, Lovas S, Conlon JM (1993) Primary structure and biological activity of a third gonadotropin-releasing hormone from lamprey brain. Endocrinology 132: 1125-1131.
Subheader N, Rama Krishna NS (1988) Immunocytochemical localization of LH-RH in the brain and pituitary of the catfish, Clarias batrachus (Linn). Gen Comp Endocrinol 72: 431-444.
Weber GM, Powell JF, Park M, Fischer WH, Craig AG, Rivier JE, Nanakorn U, Parhar IS, Ngamvongchon S, Grau EG, Sherwood NM (1997) Evidence that gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) functions as a prolactin-releasing factor in a teleost fish (Oreochromis mossambicus) and primary structures for three native GnRH molecules. J Endocrinol 155: 121-132.
White SA, Kasten TL, Bond CT, Adelman JP, Fernald RD (1995) Three gonadotropin-releasing hormone genes in one organism suggest a novel role for an ancient peptide. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 92: 8363-8367.
Wright DE, Demski LS (1991) Gonadotropin hormone-releasing hormone (GnRH) immunoreactivity in the mesencephalon of sharks and rays. J Comp Neurol 307: 49-56.
Yamamoto N, Oka Y, Amano M, Aida K, Hasegawa Y, Kawashima S (1995) Multiple gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) immunoreactivity system in the brain of the dwarf gourami, Colisa lalia: immunohistochemistry and radioimmunoassay. J Comp Neurol 355: 354-368.
Yu KL, Sherwood NM, Peter RE (1988) Differential distribution of two molecular forms of gonadotropin-releasing hormone in discrete brain areas of goldfish (Carassius auratus). Peptides 9: 625-630.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Rodríguez-Gómez, F., Rendón, M., Sarasquete, C. et al. Distribution of Gonadotropin-releasing Hormone Immunoreactive Systems in the Brain of the Senegalese Sole, Solea senegalensis. Histochem J 31, 695–703 (1999). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1003917913297
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1003917913297