Abstract
The role of large laboratory grown food competitors ofthe genus Daphnia as well as the predationimpact of Chaoborus on the cladoceran communityof an eutrophic lake was assessed in five insitu enclosure experiments. The hypothesis tested wasthat the outcome of competition and gape-limitedpredation on cladocerans is size dependent. Accordingto the generally accepted assumptions on competitionand invertebrate predation, large-bodied cladocerantaxa were expected to be less affected by competingcongeners and by Chaoborus than weresmall-bodied taxa. Effects of the predator upon anassemblage of differently sized cladoceran taxa weremuch more pronounced than effects of competition.There was a tendency of predation and competitionimpact to decrease with cladoceran size, but predationpressure was also low for some small cladocerans andhigh for some large cladocerans. The general trendswere further obscured by factors not or indirectlylinked to body size.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Bottrell, J., A. Duncan, Z. M. Gliwicz, E. Grygierek, A. Herzig, A. Hillbricht-Ilkowska, H. Kurasawa, P. Larsson & T. Welenska, 1976. A review of some problems in zooplankton production studies. Norw. J. Zool. 24: 419–456. Brooks, J. L. & S. I. Dodson, 1965. Predation, body size, and the composition of plankton. Science 150: 28–35.
Burns, C. W. & J. J. Gilbert, 1986. Direct observations of the mechanism of interference between Daphniaand Keratella cochlearis. Limnol. Oceanogr. 31: 859–866.
Carpenter, S. R., J. F. Kitchell & J. R. Hodgson, 1985. Cascading trophic interactions and lake productivity. BioScience 35: 634–635.
Dodson, S. I. & J. E. Havel, 1988. Indirect prey effects: some morphological and life history responses of Daphnia pulexexposed to Notonecta undulata. Limnol. Oceanogr. 33: 1274–1285.
Galbraith, M. G., jr., 1967. Size-selective predation on Daphniaby rainbow trout and yellow perch. Trans. am. Fish. Soc. 96: 1–10.
Gliwicz, Z. M. & W. Lampert, 1993. Body-size related survival of cladocerans in a trophic gradient: an enclosure study. Arch. Hydrobiol. 129: 1–23.
Gliwicz, Z. M., 1990. Food thresholds and body size in cladocerans. Nature 343: 638–640.
Goldspink, C. R. & D. B. C. Scott, 1971. Vertical migration of Chaoborus flavicansin a Scottish loch. Freshwat. Biol. 1: 411–421.
Goulden, C. E., L. L. Henry & A. J. Tessier, 1982. Body size, energy reserves, and competitive ability in three species of cladocera. Ecology 63: 1780–1789.
Hall, D. J., W. E. Cooper & E. E. Werner, 1970. An experimental approach to the production dynamics and structure of freshwater animal communities. Limnol. Oceanogr. 15: 839–928.
Hall, D. J., S. T. Threlkeld, C. W. Burns & P. H. Crowley, 1976. The size-efficiency hypothesis and the size structure of zooplankton communities. Ann. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 1: 177–208.
Havel, J. E., 1987. Predator-induced defences: a review. In W. C. Kerfoot & A. Sih (eds), Predation: Direct and Indirect Impacts on Aquatic Communities. The University Press of New England, Hanover (N.H.): 263–278.
Hillbricht-Ilkowska, A., Z. Kajak, J. Ejsmont-Karabin, A. Karabin & J. Rybak, 1975. Ecosystem of the Mikolajskie Lake. The utilisation of the consumers production by invertebrate predators in pelagic and profundal zones. Pol. Arch. Hydrobiol. 22: 53–64.
Hrbácek, J., M. Dvorakova, V. Korinek & L. Prochazkova, 1962. Demonstration of the effect of the fish stock on the species composition and the intensity of metabolism of the whole plankton association. Verh. int. Ver. Limnol. 14: 192–195.
Kerfoot, W. C., D. L. Kellogg jr. & J. R. Strickler, 1980. Visual observation of live zooplankters: evasion, escape and chemical defences. In W. C. Kerfoot (ed.), Evolution and Ecology of Zooplankton Communities. The University Press of New England (N.H.): 10–27.
Krylov, P. I., 1993. Density-dependent predation of Chaoborus flavicans on Daphnia longispinain a small lake: the effect of prey size. Hydrobiologia 239: 131–140.
Liber, K., Kaushik, N. K., Solomon, K. R. & J. H. Carey, 1992. Experimental designs for aquatic mesocosm studies: a comparison of the ‘ANOVA’ and ‘Regression’ design for assessing the impact of tetrachlorophenol on zooplankton populations in limnocorrals. Exp. Toxicol. Chem. 11: 61–77.
Mumm, H., 1996. Zooplanktonentwicklung im Plußsee: invertebrate Räuber, die Wirkung der Biomanipulation und Langzeittrends. Dissertation, Christian-Albrechts-Universität, Kiel.
Mumm, H. & A. F. Sell, 1995. Estimating the impact of Chaoborus predation on zooplankton: a new design for in situenclosures studies. Arch. Hydrobiol. 134: 195–206.
Paloheimo, J. E., 1974. Calculations of instantaneous birth rate. Limnol. Oceanogr. 19: 692–694.
Parma, S., 1971. Chaoborus flavicans(Meigen) (Diptera, Chaoboridae): an autecological study. Dissertation, Rijksuniversiteit Groningen.
Pastorok, R. A., 1971. Prey vulnerability and size selection by Chaoboruslarvae. Ecology 62: 1311–1324.
Riessen, H. P., 1990. Demographic analysis of Chaoboruspredation by Daphnia pulex. Verh. int. Ver. Limnol. 24: 339–343.
Schiemer, F., E. Dolezal, E. Gnaiger & A. Jantsch, 1974. Beobachtungen über Verteilung, tageszeitlicheWanderungen und Nahrungsaufnahmeraten von Chaoborus flavicans(Meigen) im Goggausee. Carinthia 2: 165–196.
Shei, P., T. Iwakuma & F. Koichi, 1988. Feeding of Chaoborus flavicanslarvae (Diptera: Chaoboridae) on Ceratium hirundinella and Daphnia roseain a eutrophic pond. Jap. J. Limnol. 49: 227–236.
Sokal, R. & F. J. Rohlf, 1994. Biometry: the principles and practice of statistics in biological research. W. H. Freeman & Co., San Francisco, 887 pp.
Spaak, P., 1995. Sexual reproduction in Daphnia: Interspecific differences in a hybrid species complex. Oecologia 104: 501–507.
Stibor, H., 1992. Predator induced life-history shifts in a freshwater cladoceran. Oecologia 92: 162–165.
Swift, M. C., 1992. Prey capture by the four larval instars of Chaoborus crystallinus. Limnol. Oceanogr. 37: 14–24.
Tollrian, R., 1994. Induktion von Verteidigungsstrukturen bei Daphnia pulexdurch ein von Chaoborus-Larven abgegebenes Kairomon. Verlag Shaker. Dissertation, Christian-Albrechts-Universität, Kiel.
Vanni, M. J., 1987. Effects of food availability and fish predation on a zooplankton community. Ecol. Monogr. 57: 61–88.
Vanni, M. J., 1988. Freshwater zooplankton community structure: introduction of large invertebrate predators and large herbivores to a small-species community. Can. J. Fish. aquat. Sci. 45: 1758–1770.
Voss, S., 1995. Zeitliche und räumliche Dynamik der Chaoborus-Larven im Plußsee. Master’s thesis. University of Hannover.
Wagner-Döbler, I., 1988. Vertical migration of Chaoborus flavicans (Diptera, Chaoboridae): the control of day and night depth by environmental parameters. Arch. Hydrobiol. 114: 251–274.
Winer, B. J., 1971. Statistical principles in experimental design. 2nd edn., McGraw-Hill Kogakusha Ltd, 907 pp.
Zaret, T. M., 1980. Predation and freshwater communities. Yale University Press, New Haven, 187 pp.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Mumm, H. Effects of competitors and Chaoborus predation on the cladocerans of a eutrophic lake: an enclosure study. Hydrobiologia 360, 253–264 (1997). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1003177622210
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1003177622210