Abstract
Little is known about the voting behavior of naturalized Americans, primarily due to a lack of good quality data on the national level. Using data from the Voting and Registration Supplement to the November 1996 Current Population Survey (CPS), we examine whether region of origin and length of time spent in the United States affect the likelihood of registering and voting among naturalized citizens, net of other socioeconomic and demographic factors already known to influence electoral behavior. We find that naturalized citizens who have a longer length of time at current residence and in the United States, and those who are older, with more education and higher income are more likely to register and vote. Region of origin is not a major explanatory variable, but there are differences in registering and voting by country of origin among naturalized citizens from Asia and Latin America. Finally, being registered is a necessary but not sufficient condition that predicts voting among naturalized citizens from Asia and from Latin America.
Similar content being viewed by others
REFERENCES
Abramson, Paul, and Claggett, William. (1992). The quality of record keeping and racial differences in validated turnout. Journal of Politics 54: 871–882.
Alba, Richard, and Nee, Victor (1997). Rethinking assimilation theory for a new era of immigration. International Migration Review 31:4.
Alvarez, Robert (1987). A profile of the citizenship process among Hispanics in the United States. International Migration Review 21:327–352.
Arvizu, John, and Garcia, Chris F. (1996). Latino voting participation: explaining and differentiating Latino voter turnout. Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences 18: 104–128.
Bass, Loretta E., and Casper, Lynne M. (1999). Are there differences in registration and voting behavior between naturalized and native–born Americans? U.S. Census Bureau, Population Division Working Paper #28. http://www.census.gov/population/ www/documentation/twps0028/twps0028.html.
Bobo, Lawrence, and Gilliam, Franklin D., Jr. (1990). Race, sociopolitical participation, and black empowerment. American Political Science Review 84: 377–393.
Borjas, G. (1989). Immigrant and emigrant earnings: a longitudinal study. Economic Inquiry 27: 21–37.
Borjas, G. (1990). Friends or Strangers: The Impact of Immigrants on the U.S. Economy. New York: Basic Books.
Cain, Bruce E., Kiewiet, Roderick, and Uhlaner, Carole J. (1991). The acquisition of partisanship by Latinos and Asian Americans. American Journal of Political Science 35: 390–422.
Calvo, Maria A., and Rosenstone, Steven J. (1989). Hispanic Political Participation. San Antonio, TX: Southwest Voter Research Institute.
Casper, Lynne M., and Bass, Loretta E. (1998). Voting and Registration in the Election of November 1996. Current Population ReportsP–20–504. Washington, DC: U.S. Bureau of the Census.
Cho, Wendy K. Tam (1999). Naturalization, socialization, participation—immigrants and (non–)voting. Journal of Politics 61: 1140–1155.
De la Garza, Rodolfo O., Falcon, Angelo, Garcia, F. C., and Garcia, J. (1992). Hispanic Americans in the mainstream of U.S. politics. The Public Perspective 3: 19–23.
DeSipio, Louis. (1996). Making citizens or good citizens? Naturalization as a predictor of organizational and electoral behavior among Latino immigrants. Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences 18: 194–213.
DeSipio, Louis. (1997). Building America, one person at a time: naturalization and political behavior of the naturalized in contemporary U.S. politics. Manuscript prepared for presentation before the Social Science Research Council Committee on International Migration, Santa Fe, May, 1997. (revised, 2000)
DeSipio, Louis, de la Garza, Rodolfo O., and Setzler, Mark 1999. Awash in the mainstream: Latinos and the 1996 elections. In Rodolfo de la Garza and Louis DeSipio (eds.), Awash in the Mainstream: Latino Politics in the 1996 Elections. Boulder: Westview Press, 3–45.
Gans, Herbert (1992). Second–generation decline: scenarios for the economic and ethnic futures of the post–1965 American immigrants. Ethnic and Racial Studies 15: 173–192.
Garcia, F. Chris, Falcon, Angelo, and de la Garza, Rodolfo O. (1996). Ethnicity and politics: evidence from the Latino National Political Survey. Special Issue. Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences 18: 2.
Hansen, Kristin A., and Faber, Carol S. (1997). The foreign–born population: 1996. Current Population Reports P–20–494. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.
Hardy–Fanta, Carol (1993). Latina Politics/Latino Politics: Gender, Culture, and Political Participation in Boston. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.
Inglehart, Ronald (1997). Modernization and Postmodernization—Cultural, Economic, and Political Change in 43 Societies. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Isajiw, Wsevolod W. (1974). Definitions of ethnicity. Ethnicity 1: 111–124.
Jasso, Guillermina, and Rosenzweig, Mark R. (1990). The New Chosen People: Immigrants in the United States.New York: Russell Sage Foundation.
Jennings, Jerry T. (1983). Voting and registration in the election of November 1982. Current Population Reports P–20–383. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.
Jennings, Jerry T. (1985). Voting and registration in the election of November 1984. Current Population Reports P–20–405. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.
Jennings, Jerry T. (1989). Voting and registration in the election of November 1988. Current Population Reports P–20–440. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.
Jennings, Jerry T. (1993). Voting and registration in the election of November 1992. Current Population Reports P–20–466. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.
Jones–Correa, Michael (1998). Different paths: gender, immigration and political participation. International Migration Review 32: 2(Summer) 326–349.
Junn, Jane. (1999). Participation in liberal democracy. American Behavioral Scientist 42: 1417–1438.
Leighley, Jan E., and Nagler, Jonathan (1992). Individual and systemic influences on turnout: who votes? Journal of Politics 54: 718–740.
Lewis, Pierce, McCracken, Casey, and Hunt, Roger (1994). Politics: who cares? American Demographics 16: 10.
Lien, Pei–te. (1994). Ethnicity and political participation: a comparison between Asian and Mexican Americans. Political Behavior 16: 237–264.
Lien, Pei–te. (1998). Does the gender gap in attitudes and behavior vary across racial groups? Political Research Quarterly 51: 869–895.
Lien, Pei–te. (2000). Who votes in multiracial America? An analysis of voting and registration by race and ethnicity, 1990–96. In Yvette Alex–Assenshoh and Lawrence Hanks (eds.), Black and Multiracial Politics in America. New York: New York University Press, 199–224.
Manza, Jeff, and Brooks, Clem (1998). The gender gap in U.S. political elections: when? why? implications? American Journal of Sociology 103: 1235–1266.
Milbrath, Lester W., and Goel, Madan L. (1977). Political Participation. 2nd edition. Chicago: Rand McNally.
Miller, Warren E., and Shanks, J. Merrill (1996). The New American Voter. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Mollenkopf, John (1999). Urban political conflicts and alliances: New York and Los Angeles compared. In Charles Hirschman, Philip Kasinitz, and Josh DeWind (eds.), The Handbook of International Migration: The American Experience. New York: Russell Sage Foundation Press, 412–422.
Ong, Paul, and Nakanishi, Don (1996). Becoming citizens, becoming voters: the naturalization and political participation of Asian Pacific immigrants. In Bill Ong Hing and Ronald Lee (eds.), Reframing the Immigration Debate. Los Angles: LEAP Asian Pacific American Public Policy Institute and UCLA Asian American Studies Center.
Portes, Alejandro (1984). The rise of ethnicity: determinants of ethnic perceptions among Cuban exiles in Miami. American Sociological Review 49: 383–397.
Portes, Alejandro (1999). Models and realities: the consequences of immigration. Contemporary Sociology 28: 387–390.
Portes, Alejandro, and Mozo, Rafael (1985). Naturalization, registration, and voting patterns of Cubans and other ethnic minorities: a preliminary analysis. In Proceedings of the First National Conference on Citizenship and the Hispanic Community. Washington, DC: The NALEO Educational Fund.
Portes, Alejandro, and Rumbaut, Ruben (1996). Immigrant America: A Portrait. 2nd edition. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Portes, Alejandro, and Zhou, Min (1993). The new second generation: segmented as similation and its variants. Annals of the American Academcy of Political and Social Science 530: 74–96.
Rosenstone, Steven J., and Hansen, Mark (1993). Mobilization, Participation and Democracy in America. New York: Macmillan.
Rumbaut, Ruben (1997). Assimilation and its discontents: between rhetoric and reality. International Migration Review 31: 923–960.
Salvo, J., and Ortiz R. (1992). The Newest New Yorkers: An Analysis of Immigration into New York City during the 1980s. New York: New York Department of City Planning.
Schmidley, Diane A., and Gibson, Campbell (1999). Profile of the foreign–born population in the United States:1997. U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Reports, Series P23–195. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.
Shaw, Daron, de la Garza, Rodolfo O., and Lee, Jongho (2000). Examining Latino turnout in 1996: a three–state, validated survey approach. American Journal of Political Science 27: 332–340.
Smith, James P., and Edmonston, Barry (1997). The New Americans: Economic, Demographic and Fiscal Effects of Immigration. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.
Tam, Wendy K. (1995). Asians—a monolithic voting bloc? Political Behavior 17: 223–249.
Uhlaner, Carole, Cain, Bruce, and Kiewiet, D. Roderick (1989). Political participation of ethnic minorities in the 1980s. Political Behavior 11: 195–232.
Verba, Sidney, and Nie, Norman H. (1972). Participation in America. New York: Harper and Row.
Verba, Sidney, Scholzman, Kay Lehman, and Brady, Henry E. (1995). Voice and Equality: Civic Voluntarism in American Politics. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
Wolfinger, Raymond, and Rosenstone, Steven J. (1980). Who Votes? New Haven and London: Yale University Press.
Wong, Janelle (2000). Institutional context and political mobilization among Mexican and Chinese immigrants in New York and Los Angeles. Paper prepared for presentation at the annual meeting of the American Political Science Association. Washington, D.C.
Yang, Philip Q. (1994). Explaining immigrant naturalization. International Migration Review 28: 449–477.
Zhou, Min (1997). Segmented assimilation: issues, controversies and recent research on the new second generation. International Migration Review 31: 975–1008.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Bass, L.E., Casper, L.M. Impacting the Political Landscape: Who Registers and Votes Among Naturalized Americans?. Political Behavior 23, 103–130 (2001). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1013013530506
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1013013530506