Abstract
Of the aglycone flavonoids identified in the exudate of cistus ladanifer, two, the flavone apigenin-4′-(O)-methyl and the flavonol kaempferol-3,7-di(O)-methyl inhibit development of the seedlings of Rumex crispus at 0.5 and 1 mM. Additive effects were observed between the major flavonols of the exudate kaempferol-3-(O)-methyl and kaempferol-3,7-di-(O)-methyl in inhibiting the size of the cotyledons and delaying the germination and cotyledon emergence. The presence of apigenin-4′-(O)-methyl, kaempferol3,7-di-(O)-methyl, and kaempferol-3-(O)-methyl was detected in the soils associated with C. ladanifer during the summer and autumn months. That these compounds are present in the soil and are not restricted to the leaves provides support for the hypothesis that C. ladanifer has allelopathic potential.
Similar content being viewed by others
REFERENCES
Blum, U., and Shafer, S. R. 1988. Microbial populations and phenolic acids in soil. Soil Biol. Biochem. 20:793-800.
Brown, R. F., and Mayer, D. G. 1988. Representing cumulative germination. 2. The use of the Weibull function and other empirically derived curves. Ann. Bot. 61:127-138.
Chaves, N., and Escudero, J. C. 1997. Allelopathic effect of Cistus ladanifer on seed germination. Funct. Ecol. 11:432-440.
Chaves, N., and Escudero, J. C. 1999. Variation of flavonoid synthesis induced by ecological factors, pp. 267-285, in Inderjit, K. M. N. Dakshini, and F. L. Chester (eds.). Principles and Practices in Plant Ecology, Allelochemical Interactions. CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida.
Chaves, N., Escudero, J. C., and Gutíerrez-merino, C. 1993. Seasonal variation of exudate of Cistus ladanifer. J. Chem. Ecol. 19(11):2577-2591.
Chaves, N., Escudero, J. C., and Gutíerrez-merino, C. 1997. Role of ecological variables in the seasonal variation of flavonoid content of Cistus ladanifer exudate. J. Chem. Ecol. 23(3):579-603.
Chaves, N., Ríos, J. J., Gutíerrez, C., Escudero, J. C., and Olías, J. M. 1998. Analysis of secreted flavonoids of Cistus ladanifer L. by high-performance liquid chromatography-particle beam mass spectrometry. J. Chromatogr. A. 799:111-115.
Cheng, H. H. 1995. Characterization of the mechanisms of allelopathy: Modeling and experimental approaches, pp. 132-141, in Inderjit, K. M. N. Dakshini, and F. A. Einhellig (eds.). Allelopathy: Organisms, Processes, and Applications. American Chemical Society, Washington, D.C.
Dalton, B. R., Blum, U., and Weed, S. B. 1983. Allelopathic substances in ecosystems: Effectiveness of sterile soil components in altering recovery of ferulic acid. J. Chem. Ecol. 9:1185-1201.
Huang, P. M., Wang, M. C., and Wang, M. K. 1999. Catalytic transformation of phenolic compounds in the soils, pp. 287-306, in Inderjit, K. M. N. Dakshini, and F. L. Chester (eds.). Principles and Practices in Plant Ecology, Allelochemical Interactions. CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida.
Inderjit 1998. Influence of Pluchea lanceolata (Asteraceae) on selected soil properties. Am. J. Bot. 85(1):64-69.
Inderjit, and Dakshini, K. M. M. 1991. Hesperetin 7-rutinoside (hesperidin) and taxifolin 3-arabinoside as germination and growth inhibitors in the soils associated with the weed, Pluchea lanceolata (DC) C.B. Clarke (Asteraceae). J. Chem. Ecol. 17:1585-1591.
Inderjit, and Dakshini, K. M. M. 1992. Formononetin 7-O-glucoside, an additional inhibitor from the soil associated with the weed, Pluchea lanceolata (DC) C.B. Clarke (Asteraceae). J. Chem. Ecol. 18:713-718.
Inderjit, and Dakshini, K. M. M. 1995. Quercetin and quercetrin from: luchea lanceolata and their effect on growth of asparagus bean, in pp. 86-95, Inderjit, K. M. N. Dakshini, and F. A. Einhellig (eds.). Allelopathy: Organisms, Processes, and Applications. American Chemical Society, Washington, D.C.
Inderjit, and Dakshini, K. M. M. 1996a. Allelopathic potential of well water from Pluchea lanceolata-infested cultivated fields. J. Chem. Ecol. 22(6):1123-1131.
Inderjit, and Dakshini, K. M. M. 1996b. Allelopathic potential of Pluchea lanceolata: Comparative study of cultivated fields. Weed Sci. 44:393-396.
Jaderlund, A., Zackrisson, O., and Nilsson, M. C. 1996. Effects of bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) litter on seed germination and early seedling growth of four boreal tree species. J. Chem. Ecol. 22(5):973-986.
Li, J., Inoue, M., Nishimura, H., Mizutani, J., and Tsuzuki, E. 1993. Interactions of trans-cinnamic acid, its related phenolic allelochemicals, and abscisic acid in seedling growth and seed germination of lettuce. J. Chem. Ecol. 19(8):1775-1787.
Rice, E. L. 1984. Allelopathy. Academic Press, Orlando, Florida.
Vogt, T., and Gülz, P. G. 1991. Isocratic column liquid chromatographic separation of a complex mixture of epicuticular flavonoid aglycones and intracellular flavonol glycosides from Cistus laurifolius L. J. Chromatogr. 537:453-459.
Williams, R. D., and Hoagland, R. E. 1982. The effects of naturally occurring phenolic compounds on seed germination. Weed Sci. 30:206-212.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Chaves, N., Sosa, T. & Escudero, J.C. Plant Growth Inhibiting Flavonoids in Exudate of Cistus ladanifer and in Associated Soils. J Chem Ecol 27, 623–631 (2001). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1010388905923
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1010388905923