Abstract
Impurity-helium solids are porous gel-like materials held together by Van der Waals forces. They consist of impurity atoms, molecules or clusters of atoms and molecules, each surrounded by very thin layers of solid helium. Impurities studied include neon, krypton, and molecular and atomic nitrogen, hydrogen and deuterium. The pore sizes and cluster sizes in impurity-helium solids are determined by ugtrasound attenuation and X-ray diffraction. The ESR technique is employed to study atomic impurities. The tunnelling exchange chemical reactions D+H2→HD+D and D+HD→D2+H are observed. Large concentrations of atomic hydrogen (∼8⋅1017 per cm3) are produced in these reactions.
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Bernard, E.P., Bogtnev, R.E., Khmelenko, V.V. et al. Impurity-Helium Solids: Chemistry and Physics at 1.5 K. Journal of Low Temperature Physics 134, 133–143 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1023/B:JOLT.0000012546.86092.4a
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/B:JOLT.0000012546.86092.4a