Abstract
In this study, algal assemblages, phytoplankton biomass, chlorophyll-a and selected physico-chemical parameters were investigated in a drinking water reservoir in Ömerli, Istanbul from October 1999 to November 2000. Water samples were collected from three sampling stations at the surface, a depth of 1 m and at 5 m depth intervals to the bottom (approximately 20 m). Particular attention was given to the ecology of steady state phytoplankton assemblages. When the euphotic depth (zeu) was less then 1.52 m and the ratio of the euphotic to mixing zone (zeu/zmix) was 0.2 m (during October 1999 and September and October 2000), Microcystis aeruginosa Kütz. dominanted, accounting for 85 – 95% of the total phytoplankton biomass. A shift to Fragilaria crotonensis Kitton and Asterionella formosa Hass. occurred during April and early May 2000 when zeu > 4.1 m. Other dominant species were Coelastrum microporum Nag. Pediatrum boryanum(Turp.) Menegh. and P. duplex (May to mid June 2000); C. microporum, Staurastrumspp. and Cryptomonas spp. (late June to mid July 2000); and Scenedesmus spp., S. gracileand Nitzschia holsatica Hust. (late July to late August 2000). Below 10 meters, a high biomass of Mougeotia sp. was recorded at all sites. However, in October and early November 2000, this species appeared in the surface water. During late May to late August 2000, the zeu depth changed between 2.7 and 3.38 m. pH and total organic carbon (TOC) concentrations were found to be relatively high in the surface waters, whereas total phosphorus (TP) and Soluble Reactive Silicate (SRSi) concentrations were high below the 5 meters. The total nitrogen (TN) concentrations were high either in the surface waters or in deep layers. It is suggested that the observed increase in cell biomass of some species was controlled by the nutrient concentrations. The changes in the phytoplankton assemblages resulted in a reduction of the euphotic depth.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Albay, M., R. Akçaalan, G. Aykulu, H. Tufekci, K. A. Beattie& G. A. Codd, 2003. Occurrence of toxic cyanobacteria before and after copper sulphate treatment in a water reservoir, Istanbul, Turkey. Archiv für Hydrobiol./Algological Studies (in press)
Albay, M.&J. Pokorny, 1999. Evolution of fishponds restoration project in South Bohemia (Czech Republic). J. aquat. Prod. Special Issue: 251–261.
Aykulu, G., K. Doan & S. Hasirci, 1999. A study on the phytoplankton communities of lakes Ta?kisi and Poyrazlar (Adapazam, Turkey). J. Aquat. Prod. Special Issue: 157–184.
Beyruth, Z., 2000. Periodic disturbance, trophic gradient and phytoplankton characteristics related to cyanobacterial growth in Guarapiranga Reservoir, Sao Paolo State, Brazil. Hydrobiologia 424: 51–65.
Charpin, M. F., N. Maurin, C. Amblard & J. Devaux, 1998. Seasonal variations of phytoplankton photosynthate partitioning in two lakes of different trophic level. J. Plankton Res. 20: 901–921.
Cirik, S.&? Cirik, 1989. Planktonic algae of Gölcük. J. Aquat. Prod. 3: 131–150.
Crompton, T. R., 1989. Analysis of Seawater. Hartnolls ltd. Bodmin, Cornwall. 423 pp.
Dokulil, M. T.&K. Teubner, 2000. Cyanobacterial dominance in lakes. Hydrobiologia 438: 1–12.
Eruz, E., 1995. Ecological problems of water reservoirs of Istanbul. The symposium on water reservoirs of Istanbul. Proceedings book. ISKI publ.: 145–149.
Hörnström, E., C. Ekström, E. Fröberg & J. Ek, 1993. Plankton and chemical-physical development in six Swedish west coast lakes under acidic and limed conditions. Can. J. Fish. aquat. Sci. 50: 688–702.
Huszar, V., C. Kruk& N. Caraco, 2003. Steady-state assemblages of phytoplankton in four temperate lakes (NE U.S.A.). Hydrobiologia 502 (Dev. Hydrobiol. 172): 97–109.
Huszar, V. L. M., L. H. S. Silva, M. Marinho& C. L. Sant'Anna, 2000. Cyanoprokaryote assemblages in eight productive tropical Brazilian waters. Hydrobiologia 424: 67–77.
Kaplan, H., 1989. Seasonal distribution of zooplankton groups in Ömerli dam lake. M. Sc. thesis. Istanbul University, Institute of Science.
Komárková, J. & J. Hejzlar, 1996. Summer maxima of phytoplankton in the Rimov reservoir in relation to hydrologic parameters and phosphorus loading. Archiv für Hydrobiol. 136: 217–236.
Köhler, J.& S. Hoeg, 2000. Phytoplankton selection in a river lake system during two decades of changing nutrient supply. Hydrobiologia 244: 13–24.
Leitao, M.& L. Leglize, 2000. Long term variations of epilimnetic phytoplankton in an artificial reservoir during a 10-year survey. Hydrobiologia 424: 39–49.
Marinho, M. M.& V. L. M. Huszar, 2002. Nutrient availability and physical conditions as controlling factors of phytoplankton composition and biomass in a tropical reservoir (Southeastern Brazil). Archiv für Hydrobiol. 153: 443–468.
Morabito, G.&M. Curradi, 1997. Phytoplankton community structure of a deep supalpine Italian lake (Lake Orta, N. Italy) four years after the recovery from acidification by liming. Int. Rev. ges. Hydrobiol. 82: 487–506.
Morabito, G., 2001. Six years' (1992 - 1997) evolution of phytoplankton communities after recovery by liming in lake Orta, northern Italy. Lakes&Reservoirs: Res. Manage. 6: 305–312.
Naselli-Flores, 2003. Man-made lakes in Mediterranean semi-arid climate: The strange case of Dr Deep Lake andMr Shallow Lake. Hydrobiologia 506-509 (in press).
Naselli-Flores, L., 2000. Phytoplankton assemblages in twenty one Sicilian reservoirs; relationship between species composition and environmental factors. Hydrobiologia 424: 1–11.
Naselli-Flores, L. & R. Barone, 2000. Phytoplankton dynamics and structure: a comparative analysis in natural and man-made water bodies of different trophic state. Hydrobiologia 438: 65–74.
Naselli-Flores, L. & R. Barone, 2003. Steady-state assemblages in a Mediterranean hypertrophic reservoir. The role of Microcystis ecomorphological variability in maintaining an apparent equilibrium. Hydrobiologia 502 (Dev. Hydrobiol. 172): 133–143.
Negro, A. I., C. De Hoyos & J. C. Vega, 2000. Phytoplankton structure and dynamics in lake Sanabria and Valparaiso reservoir (NW Spain). Hydrobiologia 424: 25–37.
Nush, E. A., 1980. Comparison of different methods for chlorophyll and phaeopigment determination. Archiv für Hydrobiol./ Ergebnisse der Limnol. 14: 14–36.
Padisák, J. & C. S. Reynolds, 1998. Selection of phytoplankton association in lake Balaton, Hungary, in response to eutrophication and restoration measures, with special references to the cyanoprokaryotes. Hyrobiologia 384: 41-53.
Reynolds, C. S., 1992. Dynamics, selection and composition of phytoplankton in relation to vertical structure in lakes. Archiv für Hydrobiol./Ergebnisse der Limnol. 35: 13–31.
Reynolds, C. S., 1997. Vegetation process in the pelagic: A Model for Ecosystem Theory. -Ecol. Institute, Oldendorf / Luhe.
Reynolds, C. S., V. L. M. Huszar, C. Kruk, L. Naseli-Flores & S. Melo, 2002. Towards a functional classification of the freshwater phytoplankton. J. Plankton Res. 24: 417–428.
Rott, H. E., 1981. Some results from phytoplankton counting intercalibration. Schweizerische Zeitschrift für Hydrol. 43: 35–62.
Salmaso, N., 2002. Ecological patterns of phytoplankton assemblages in lake Garda: Seasonal spatial and historical features. J. Limnol. 61: 95–115.
Shannon, C. E.&W. Weaver, 1949. The mathematical Theory of Communication. University of Illinois Press, Urbana. 117 pp.
Shapiro, J., 1997. the role of carbodioxide in the initiation and maintenance of blue-green dominance in lakes. Freshwat. Biol. 37: 307–323.
Sommer, U., 1981. The role of r-and K selection in the succession of phytoplankton in lake Constance. Acta Oecologica 2: 327–342.
Sommer, U., J. Padisák, C.S. Reynolds & P. Juhasz-Nagy, 1993. Hutchinson's heritage: the divesity-disturbance relationship in phytoplankton. Hydrobiologia 249: 1–7.
Strickland, J. D. H. & T. R. Parsons, 1972. A practical handbook of seawater analysis, 2nd Edition. Bull. Fish. Res. Bd Can. 167.
Şen, B.& M. Çağlar, 1994. A study on the diatoms (Bacillariophyta) of fish ponds in Cip Fishery Research Center. J. aquat. Prod. 1-2: 67–81.
Takamura, N., F. Kasai& M. M. Watanabe, 1989. Effects of Cu, Cd and Zn on photosynthesis of freshwater benthic algae. J. Appl. Phycol. 1: 39–52.
Technicon Industrial Methods, 1977a. Nitrate and nitrite in water and wastewater. No. 158-71, W/A.
Technicon Industrial Methods, 1977b. Phosphate and silicate analysis in water and seawater. No. 253-280 E. Application note, p. 5 – 7, U.K.
Temponeras, M., J. Kristiansen& M. Moustaka-Gouni, 2000. Seasonal variation in phytoplankton composition and physicalchemical features of the shallow Lake Doirani, Macedonia, Greece. Hydrobiologia 424: 109–122.
Tilman, D., 1977. Resource competition between planktonic algae: an experimental and theoretical approach. Ecology 58: 338–348.
Utermöhl, H., 1958. Zur Vervollkommung der quantitativen Phytoplankton - methodik. Mitt. int. Ver. theor. angewan. Limnol. 9: 1–38.
Van Liere, L.&A. E. Walsby, 1982. Interaction of cyanobacteria with light. In Carr N. G.&B. A. Whitton (eds.), The Biology of Cyanobacteria. Blackwell Scientific, Oxford: 9–45.
Wetzel, R. G., 1990. Reservoir Ecosystems: Conclusions and Speculations. In Thornton, K. W., B. L. Kimmel& F. E. Payne (eds.), Reservoir Limnology: EcologicalPerspectives. John Wiley&Sons, Inc. New York: 227–238.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Albay, M., Akçaalan, R. Factors influencing the phytoplankton steady state assemblages in a drinking-water reservoir (Ömerli reservoir, Istanbul). Hydrobiologia 502, 85–95 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1023/B:HYDR.0000004272.38702.c3
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/B:HYDR.0000004272.38702.c3