Abstract
Breeding efforts to improve grain yield, seed protein concentration and early maturity in pea (Pisum sativum L.) have proven to be difficult. The use of molecular markers will improve our understanding of the genetic factors conditioning these traits and is expected to assist in selection of superior genotypes. This study was conducted to identify genetic loci associated with grain yield, seed protein concentration and early maturity in pea. A population of 88 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) that was developed from a cross between 'Carneval' and 'MP1401' was evaluated at 13 environments across the provinces of Alberta, Manitoba and Saskatchewan, Canada in 1998, 1999 and 2000. A linkage map consisting of 193 AFLPs (amplified fragment length polymorphism), 13 RAPDs (random amplified polymorphic DNA) and one STS (sequence tagged site) marker was used to identify putative quantitative trait loci (QTL) for grain yield, seed protein concentration and early maturity. Four QTL were identified each for grain yield and days to maturity, and three QTL were identified for seed protein concentration. A multiple QTL model for each trait showed that these genomic regions accounted for 39%, 45% and 35% of the total phenotypic variation for grain yield, seed protein concentration and days to maturity, respectively. The consistency of these QTL across environments and their potential for marker-assisted selection are discussed in this report.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Aastveit, A. H. & K. Aastveit, 1993. Effects of genotype-environment interactions of genetic correlations. Theor Appl Genet 86:1007–1013.
Basten, C. J., B. S. Weir & Z. B. Zeng, 1994. Zmap—A QTL cartogra-pher. In: C. Smith, J. S. Gavora, B. Benkel, J. Chesnais, W. Fairfull, J. P. Gibson, B. W. Kennedy & E. B. Burnside (Eds.), Proceedings of the 5th World Congress on Genetics Applied to Livestock Pro-duction: Computing Strategies and Software, Vol. 22, pp. 65–66. 5th World Congress on Genetics Applied to Livestock Production, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.
Bertholdsson, N. O., 1990. The influence of pea plant ideotypes on seed protein content and seed yield. J Agron Crop Sci 164: 54–67.
Bethlenfalvay, G. J., S. S. Abu-Shakra & D. A. Phillips, 1978. Inter-dependence of nitrogen and photosynthesis in Pisum sativum L. Plant Physiol 62:131–133.
Bezant, J. H., D. A. Laurie, N. Pratchett, J. Chojeki & M. J. Kearsey, 1997. Mapping of QTL controlling NIR predicted hot water ex-tract and grain nitrogen content in a spring barley cross using marker regression. Plant Breed 116:141–145.
Chung, J., H. L. Babka, G. L. Graef, P. E. Staswick, D. J. Lee, P. B. Cregan, R. C. Shoemaker & J. E. Specht, 2003. The seed protein, oil, and yield QTL on soybean linkage group I. Crop Sci 43: 1053–1067.
Churchill, G. A. & R. W. Doerge, 1994. Empirical threshold values for quantitative trait mapping. Genetics 138:963–971.
Csan´ adi, G., J. Vollmann, G. Stift & T. Lelley, 2001. Seed quality QTLs identified in a molecular map of early maturing soybean. Theor Appl Genet 103:912–919.
Dhugga, K. & J. G. Waines, 1989. Analysis of nitrogen accumulation and use in bread and durum wheat. Crop Sci 25:435–440.
Diers, B. W., W. Fehr, P. Keim & R. C. Shoemaker, 1992. RFLP anal-ysis of soybean seed protein and oil content. Theor Appl Genet 83: 608–612.
Dirlewanger, E., P. G. Isaac, S. Ranade, M. Belajouza, B. Cousin & D. de Vienne, 1994. Restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of loci associated with disease resistance genes and de-velopmental traits in Pisum sativum L. Theor Appl Genet 88: 17–27.
Ellis, T. H. N. & S. J. Poyser, 2002. An integrated and comparative view of pea genetic and cytogenetic maps. New Phytologist 153: 17–25.
Gilpin, B. J., J. A. McCallum, T. J. Frew & G. M. Timmerman-Vaughan, 1997. A linkage map of the pea (Pisum sativum L.) genome containing cloned sequences of known function and ex-pressed sequence tags (ESTs). Theor Appl Genet 95:1289–1299.
Guéguen, J. & J. Barbot, 1988. Quantitative and qualitative variabil-ity of pea (Pisum sativum L.) protein composition. J Sci Food Agric 42:209–224.
Joppa, L. R., C. Du, G. E. Hart & G. A. Hareland, 1997. Mapping genes for grain protein in tetraploid wheat (T. turdigum L.) using a population of recombinant inbred chromosome lines. Crop Sci 37: 1586–1589.
Karjalainen, R. & S. Kortet, 1987. Environmental and genetic varia-tion in protein content of peas under northern growing conditions and breeding implications. J Agric Sci 59:1–9.
Kielpinski, M. & S. Blixt, 1982. The evaluation of the afila character with regard to its utility in new cultivars of dry pea. Agri Hortique Genetica 51–72.
Kramer, T., 1979. Environmental and genetic variations for protein content in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Euphytica 28: 209–218.
Lark, K. G., J. Orf & L. M. Mansur, 1994. Epistatic expression of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr. ] determined by QTL association with RFLP alleles. Theor Appl Genet 88:486–489.
Laucou, V., K. Haurogné, N. Ellis & C. Rameau, 1998. Genetic mapping in pea 1. RAPD-based genetic linkage map of Pisum sativum. Theor Appl Genet 97:905–915.
Lee, S. H., M. A. Bailey, M. A. R. Mian, T. E. Carter Jr., E. R. Shipe, D. A. Ashley, W. A. Parrot, R. S. Hussey & H. R. Boerma, 1996. RFLP loci associated with soybean seed protein and oil content across populations and locations. Theor Appl Genet 93:649–657.
Mansur, L. M., K. G. Lark, H. Kross & A. Oliveria, 1993. Interval mapping of quantitative trait loci for reproductive, morphological and seed traits of soybean (Glycine max L.). Theor Appl Genet 86: 907–913.
Matta, N. K. & J. A. Gatehouse, 1982. Inheritance and mapping of storage protein genes in Pisum sativum L. Heredity 48:383–392.
McCallum, J., G. M. Timmerman-Vaughan, T. J. Frew & A. C. Russell, 1997. Biochemical and genetic linkage analysis of green seed color in field pea (Pisum sativum L.). J Am Soc Hortic Sci 122: 218–225.
Monaghan, J. M., J. W. Snape, A. J. S. Chojecki & P. S. Kettlewell, 2001. The use of grain protein deviation for identifying wheat cultivars with high grain protein concentration and yield. Euphyt-ica 122: 309–317.
Oziel, A., P. M. Hayes, F. Q. Chen & B. Jones, 1996. Application of quantitative trait locus mapping to the development of winter-habit malting barley. Plant Breed 115:43–51.
Perez, D., S. Chambers, J. Bacon, M. Morgan, N. Lambert, C. Hed-ley & T. Wang, 1992. Quantitative analysis of pea seed proteins from existing and induced mutants. In: P. Plancquaert (Ed.), Proceedings of the First European Conference of Grain Legumes, 173–174. Angers, France, 1–3 June 1992.
Pilet-Nayel, M. L., F. J. Muehlbauer, R. J. McGee, J. M. Kraft, A. Baranger & C. J. Coyne, 2002. Quantitative trait loci for partial resistance to Aphanomyces root rot in pea. Theor Appl Genet 106: 28–39.
Powell, W., W. T. B. Thomas, E. Baird, P. Lawrence A. Booth, J. W. Harrower, W. Mcnicol & R. Waugh, 1997. Analysis of quanti-tative traits in barley by the use of amplified fragment length polymorphisms. Heredity 79:48–59.
Qiu, B. X., P. R. Arelli & D. A. Sleper, 1999. RFLP markers associated with soybean cyst nematode resistance and seed composition in a Peking x Essex population. Theor Appl Genet 98:356–364.
Saghai-Maroof, M. A., K. M. Soliman, R. Jorgensen & R. W. Allard, 1984. Ribosomal DNA spacer-length polymorphisms in barley: Mendelian inheritance, chromosomal location, and population dynamics. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 81:8014–8018.
Santalla, M., J. M. Amurrio & A. M. De Ron, 2001. Food and feed po-tential breeding value of green, dry and vegetable pea germplasm. Can J Plant Sci 81:601–610.
Sebolt, A. M., R. C. Shoemaker & B. W. Diers, 2000. Analysis of quantitative trait locus allele from wild soybean that increases seed protein concentration in soybean. Crop Sci 40:1438–1444.
See, D., V. Kanazin, K. Kephart & T. Blake, 2002. Mapping genes controlling variation in barley grain protein concentration. Crop Sci 42:680–685.
Séne, M., C. Thévenot, D. Hoffmann, F. B énétrix, M. Causse & J. L. Prioul, 2001. QTLs for grain dry milling properties, composition and vitreousness in maize recombinant inbred lines. Theor Appl Genet 102:591–599.
Simmonds, N. W., 1995. The relation between yield and protein in cereal grain. J Sci Food Agric 67:309–315.
Swiecicki, W. K., J. Przybylska & Z. Zimniak-Przybylska, 2000. Linkages of the Aba (Albumin a) locus with markers of the linkage group VI. Pisum Genet 32:46–47.
Tan, Y. F., M. Sun, Y. Z. Xing, J. P. Hua, X. L. Sun, Q. F. Zhang & H. Corke, 2001. Mapping quantitative trait loci for milling qual-ity, protein content and color characteristics of rice using a recom-binant inbred line population derived from an elite rice hybrid. Theor Appl Genet 103:1037–1045.
Tar'an, B., T. Warkentin, D. J. Somers, D. Miranda, A. Vandenberg, S. Blade, S. Woods, D. Bing, A. Xue, D. DeKoeyer & G. Penner, 2003. Quantitative trait loci for lodging resistance, plant height and partial resistance to mycosphaerella blight in field pea (Pisum sativum L.). Theor Appl Genet107:1482–1491.
Timmerman-Vaughan, G. M., T. J. Frew, A. C. Russell, T. Khan, R. Butler, M. Gilpin, S. Murray & K. Falloon, 2002. QTL map-ping of partial resistance to field epidemics of ascochyta blight of pea. Crop Sci 42:2100–2111.
Timmerman-Vaughan, G. M., T. J. Frew & N. F. Weeden, 2000. Char-acterization and linkage mapping of R-gene analogous DNA se-quences in pea (Pisum sativum L.). Theor Appl Genet 101:241–247.
Timmerman-Vaughan, G. M., J. A. McCallum, T. J. Frew, N. F. Weeden & A. C. Russell, 1996. Linkage mapping of quantita-tive loci controlling seed weight in pea (Pisum sativum L.). Theor Appl Genet 93:431–439.
Turner, S. R., D. H. P. Barrat & R. Casey, 1990. The effect of different alleles at the r locus on the synthesis of seed storage proteins in Pisum sativum. Plant Mol Biol 14:793–803.
Weeden, N. F., T. H. N. Ellis, G. M. Timmerman-Vaughan, W. K. Swiecicki, S. M. Rozov & V. A. Berdnikov, 1998. A consensus linkage map for Pisum sativum. Pisum Genet 30:1–4.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Tar'an, B., Warkentin, T., Somers, D. et al. Identification of quantitative trait loci for grain yield, seed protein concentration and maturity in field pea (Pisum sativum L.). Euphytica 136, 297–306 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1023/B:EUPH.0000032721.03075.a0
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/B:EUPH.0000032721.03075.a0