Abstract
Poly(BPDA-ODA)/silica hybrid optical thin films were synthesized using a sol-gel reaction combined with spin coating and multi-step baking. The hybrid thin films were prepared by the precursors of aminoalkoxysilane capped poly(BPDA-ODA) amic acid and tetramethoxysilane (TMOS). Highly transparent hybrid thin films were obtained at a silica content of 0–51.9 wt%. The prepared hybrid thin films showed homogeneous structures and excellent surface planarity. The refractive index of the prepared hybrid thin films decreased linearly with increasing the silica content while the Abbe number showed the opposite trend. The prepared hybrid films also exhibited a much smaller optical birefringence than the parent poly(BPDA-ODA) because of the reduction of the rigid backbone by incorporating the silica moiety. Optical planar waveguides were prepared from the prepared hybrid thin films. The optical losses of the planar waveguides at 1310 nm were in the range of 0.5–1.3 dB/cm, which were reduced significantly by increasing the silica moiety. The reduction of the C–H bonding density and excellent surface planarity by incorporating the silica moiety explain the trend of optical loss. These results suggest that the prepared polyimide-silica hybrid thin films have potential applications for optical devices.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
C. J. Wu, C. Y. Chen, E. Woo and J. F. Kuo, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 31, 3405 (1993).
R. H. Bradley, I. L. Clackson and D. E. Sykes, Appl. Surf. Sci., 72, 143 (1993).
J. V. Fusco and D. G. Young, Rubber World, 206, 34 (1992).
H. Kubota, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 48, 1717 (1993).
J. S. Shukla, S. C. Tewari and G. K. Sharma, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 34, 191 (1987).
E. Uchida, K. Uyama and Y. Ikada, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 41, 677 (1990).
Z. Feng and B. Ranby, Angew. Makromol. Chem., 195, 17 (1992).
D. M. Choi, C. K. Park, K. Cho and C. E. Park, Polymer, 38, 6243 (1997).
S. Vallon, B. Drevillon and F. Poncin-Epaillard, Appl. Surf. Sci., 108, 177 (1997).
Y. Tsuchiya, K. Akutu and A. Iwata, Prog. Org. Coat., 34, 100 (1998).
M. Mason, K. P. Vercruysse, K. R. Kirker, R. Frisch, D. M. Marecak, G. D. Prestwich and W. G. Pitt, Biomaterials, 21, 31 (2000).
A. Nihlstrand, T. Hjertberg and K. Johansson, Polymer, 38, 3581 (1997).
M. C. Coen, G. Dietler, S. Kasas and P. Groning, Appl. Surf. Sci., 103, 27 (1996).
F. C. Loh, K. L. Tan, E. T. Kang, Y. Uyama and Y. Ikada, Polymer, 36, 21 (1995).
C. Muhlhan, St. Weidner, J. Friedrich and H. Nowack, Surf. Coat. Technol., 116-119, 783 (1999).
A. Nihlstrand, T. Hjertberg and K. Johansson, Polymer, 38, 1557 (1997).
A. Nihlstrand, T. Hjertberg and K. Johansson, Polymer, 38, 3591 (1997).
N. Shahidzadeh-Ahmadi, M. M. Chehimi, F. Arefi-Khonsari, N. Foulon-Belkacemi, J. Amouroux and M. Delamar, Colloids and Surfaces A, 105, 277 (1995).
N. Shahidzadeh-Ahmadi, F. Arefi-Khonsari, M. M. Chehimi and J. Amouroux, Surf. Sci., 352-354, 888 (1996).
J. Meichsner, M. Nitschke, R. Rochotzki and M. Zeuner, Surf. Coat. Technol., 74-75, 227 (1995).
M. Tatoulian, F. Arefi-Khonsari, N. Shahidzadeh-Ahmadi and J. Amouroux, Int. J. Adhesion and Adhesives, 15, 177 (1995).
C. Muhlhan and H. Nowack, Surf. Coat. Technol., 98, 1107 (1998).
L. A. Rishina, E. I. Vizen, L. N. Sosnovskaya, T. A. Lodygina, L. S. Dhibryaeva, A. A. Veretennikova and A. B. Gilman, Eur. Polym. J., 34, 1013 (1998).
J. Tian, X. Lin, B. Huang and J. Xu, Eur. Polym. J., 31, 755 (1995).
M. Kuzuya, A. Noguchi, H. Ito, S. Kondo and N. Noda, J. Polym. Sci. Polym. Chem., 29, 1 (1991).
N. Inagaki, S. Tasaka and Y. Horikawa, Polym. Bull., 26, 283 (1991).
Y. I. Hsieh and M. Wu, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 43, 2067 (1991).
M. Onishi, K. Shimura, Y. Seita and S. Yamashita, Radiat. Phys. Chem., 46, 219 (1995).
C. Oehr, M. Muller, B. Elkin, D. Hegemann and U. Vohrer, Surf. Coat. Technol., 116-119, 25 (1999).
C. H. Bamford and K. G. Al-Lamee, Polymer, 37, 4885 (1996).
B. M. Wickson and J. L. Brash, Colloids and Surfaces A, 156, 201 (1999).
J. Behnisch, F. Mehdorn, A. Hollander and H. Zimmermann, Surf. Coat. Technol., 98, 875 (1998).
C. J. Wu, C. Y. Chen, E. Woo and J. F. Kuo, J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem., 31, 3405 (1993).
T. Rische, S. Zschoche and H. Komber, Macromol. Chem. Phy., 197, 981 (1996).
V. Khunova and Z. Zamorsky, Polym. Plast. Technol. Eng., 32, 289 (1993).
R. Greco, G. Maglio and P. V. Musto, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 33, 2513 (1987).
W. Heinen, H. J. M. de Groot and M. van Duin, Macromolecules, 29, 1151 (1996).
G. Samay, T. Nagy and J. L. White, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 56, 1423 (1995).
K. E. Russell, J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem., 33, 555 (1995).
G. Samay, T. Nagy and J. L. White, Inter. Polym. Sci. Technol., 22, 30 (1995).
G. Samay, T. Nagy and J. L. White, Inter. Polym. Sci. Technol., 22, 40 (1995).
S. N. Sathe, G. S. S. Rao and S. Devi, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 53, 239 (1994).
A. Priola, R. Bongiovanni and G. Gozzelino, Eur. Polym. J., 30, 1047 (1994).
C. T. Wu, C. Y. Chen and E. Woo, J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem., 31, 3405 (1993).
C. W. Lin, J. Mat. Sci. Lett., 12, 612 (1993).
K. J. Ganzeveld and L. P. B. M. Janssen, Polym. Eng. Sci., 32, 467 (1992).
A. J. Oostenbrink and R. J. Gaymans, Polymer, 33, 3986 (1992).
A. Sipos, J. McCarthy and K. E. Russell, J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem., 27, 3353 (1989).
S. G. Hong and F. J. Boerio, J. Adhesion, 49, 133 (1995).
S. G. Hong and C. M. Liao, Polym. Degrad. Stab., 49, 437 (1995).
B. C. Trivedi and B. M. Culbertson, Maleic Anhydride, Plenum Press, New York, 1982, p. 239.
E. Dayss, G. Leps and J. Meinhardt, Surf. Coat. Technol., 116-119, 986 (1999).
D. L. Cho, P. M. Claesson, K. G. Golander and K. Johansson, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 41, 1373 (1990).
D. L. Cho and D. Ekengren, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 47, 2125 (1993).
T. M. Ko and S. L. Cooper, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 47, 1601 (1993).
C. M. G. Carlsson and K. S. Johansson, Surf. Interface Anal., 20, 441 (1993).
J. Schultz, K. Tsutsumi and J. B. Donnet, J. Colloid Interf. Sci., 59, 277 (1977).
S. G. Hong and C. A. Ho, submitted for publication.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Chang, CC., Wei, KH., Chang, YL. et al. Synthesis and Optical Properties of Poly(BPDA-ODA)/Silica Hybrid Thin Films. Journal of Polymer Research 10, 1–6 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1023994403763
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1023994403763