Abstract
Within the framework of the UN-ECE Convention on Long-Range Trans-boundary Air Pollution, critical ozone levels for forest trees and crops have been determined. This paper shows the mapping results of short and long-term threshold exceedances in an area of Central Italy. Eighty-thousand hourly mean ozone concentrations were recorded and computed to evaluate the potential distribution of the pollutant in the area. The results suggest that the threshold is frequently exceeded in the summer, and this may be very critical for the plants' health.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Anshelm, F. and Gauger, Th.: 1999, ‘Mapping critical levels for ozone in Germany’, in J. Fuhrer and B. Achermann (eds), Critical Levels for Ozone - Level II, Environmental Document No. 115, Swiss Agency for Environment, Forest and Landscape, Bern, Switzerland, pp 319–323.
Ball, D. J. and Bernard, R. E.: 1978, ‘An analysis of photochemical production incidents in the Greater London with particular reference to the summer 1976’, Atmos. Environ. 12, 372–376.
Bussotti, F. and Ferretti, M.: 1998, ‘Air pollution, forest condition and forest decline in Southern Europe: an overview’, Environ. Pollut. 101, 49–65.
Cressie, N. A. C.: 1991, Statistics of Spatial Data, John Wiley and Sons, New York, U.S.A., 900 pp.
Ferretti, M., Bussotti, F., Cozzi, A. and Cenni, E.: 1995, ‘Forest decline and environmental pollution in Italy-A critical reassessment’, in: G. Lorenzini and G. F. Soldatini (eds), Responses of Plants to Air Pollution-Biological and Economic Aspects, Pacini Editore, Pisa, pp 248–265.
Fuhrer, J. and Achermann, B.: 1999, Critical Levels for Ozone - Level II, Environmental Document No. 115, Swiss Agency for Environment, Forest and Landscape, Bern, Switzerland, 333 pp.
Fuhrer, J., Skärby, L. and Ashmore, M. R.: 1997, ‘Critical levels for ozone effects on vegetation in Europe’, Environ. Pollut. 97, 91–106.
Fumagalli, I., Ambrogi, R. and Mignanego, L.: 1999, ‘Ozone in Southern Europe: UNECE experiments in Italy suggest a new approach to critical levels’, in: J. Fuhrer and B. Achermann (eds), Critical Levels for Ozone - Level II, Environmental Document No. 115, Swiss Agency for Environment, Forest and Landscape, Bern, Switzerland, pp 239–242.
Kärenlampi, L. and Skärby, L.: 1996, Critical Levels for Ozone in Europe: Testing and Finalizing the Concepts, UNECE Workshop report, University of Kuopio, Finland, 363 pp.
Kley, D., Kleinmann, M., Sandermann, H. and Krupa, S.: 1999, ‘Photochemical oxidants: state of the science’, Environ. Pollut. 100, 19–42.
de Leeuw, F. A. A. M. and Zantvoort, E. D. G.: 1997, ‘Mapping exceedances of ozone critical levels for crops and forest trees in the Netherlands: preliminary results’, Environ. Pollut. 96, 89–98.
Lorenzini, G. and Nali, C.: 1995, ‘Analysis of vertical ozone and nitrogen oxides profiles in a Prunus cerasifera canopy’, Int. J. Biometeorol. 39, 1–4.
Lorenzini, G., Nali, C. and Biagioni, M.: 1995a, ‘Long range transport of photochemical ozone over the Tyrrhenian Sea demonstrated by a new miniaturized bioassay with ozone-sensitive tobacco seedlings’, Sci. Total Environ. 166, 193–199.
Lorenzini, G., Nali, C. and Biagioni M.: 1995b, ‘An analysis of the distribution of surface ozone in Tuscany (Central Italy) with the use of a new miniaturized bioassay with ozone-sensitive tobacco seedlings’, Environ. Monit. and Assess. 34, 59–72.
Lorenzini, G., Nali, C. and Panicucci, A.: 1994, ‘Surface ozone in Pisa (Italy): a six year study’, Atmos. Environ. 19, 3155–3164.
Lorenzini, G. and Panattoni, A.: 1986, ‘An integrated, physico-chemical and biological survey of atmospheric ozone in coastal Tuscany, Italy’, Riv. Pat. Veg. 22, 130–164.
Lorenzini, G., Triolo, E. and Materazzi, A.: 1984, ‘Evidence of visible injury to crop species by ozone in Italy’, Riv. Ortoflorofrutt. It. 68, 81–84.
Nali, C., Ferretti, M., Pellegrini, M. and Lorenzini, G.: 2001, ‘Monitoring and biomonitoring of surface ozone in Florence, Italy’, Environ. Monit. and Assess. 69, 159–174.
Nali, C., Pucciariello, C. and Lorenzini, G., ‘Ozone distribution in Central Italy and its effect on crop productivity’, Agric., Ecosyst. and Environ. (in press).
Pleijel, H.: 2000, Ground-Level Ozone. A Problem Largely Ignored in Southern Europe, Air Pollution and Climate Series No. 12, Swedish Secretariat on Acid Rain, Göteborg, Sweden, 26 pp.
Posch, M., Hettelingh, J. P., de Smett, P. A. M. and Downing, R. J.: 1997, Calculation and Mapping of Critical Thresholds in Europe. RIVIM Report, Netherlands, 198 pp.
Schenone, G. and Lorenzini, G.: 1992, ‘Effects of regional air pollution on crops in Italy’, Agric., Ecosyst. and Environ. 38, 51–59.
Syri, S., Amann, M., Schöpp, W and Heyes C.: 2001, ‘Estimating long-term population exposure to ozone in urban areas of Europe’, Environ. Pollut. 113, 59–69.
Velissariou, D., Gimeno, B. S., Badiani, M., Fumagalli, I. and Davison, A. W.: 1996. ‘Records of O3 visible injury in the ECE Mediterranean region’, in L. Kärenlampi and L. Skårby (eds), Critical Levels for Ozone in Europe: Testing and Finalizing the Concepts, UNECE Workshop report, University of Kuopio, Finland, pp 343–350.
Velissariou, D. and Skretis, L.: 1999, ‘Critical levels exceedances and ozone biomonitoring in the Greek fir forest (Abies cephalonica Loud). at the Parnis Mountain National Park in Attica, Greece’, in: J. Fuhrer and B. Achermann (eds), Critical Levels for Ozone - Level II,Environmental Document No. 115, Swiss Agency for Environment, Forest and Landscape, Bern, Switzerland, pp 205–208.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Nali, C., Pucciariello, C. & Lorenzini, G. Mapping Ozone Critical Levels for Vegetation in Central Italy. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution 141, 337–347 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1021314016284
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1021314016284