Abstract
A QTL conditioning corn earworm resistance in soybean PI 229358 and asynthetic Bacillus thuringiensis cry1Ac transgene from therecurrent parent ‘Jack-Bt’ were pyramided intoBC2F3 plants by marker-assisted selection. Segregatingindividuals were genotyped at SSR markers linked to an anitbiosis/antixenosisQTL on linkage group M, and were tested for the presence ofcry1Ac. Marker-assisted selection was used during andafter the two backcrosses to develop a series of BC2F3plants with or without the crylAc transgene and the QTLconditioning for resistance BC2F3 plants that werehomozygous for parental alleles at markers on LG M, and whicheither had or lacked cry1Ac, were assigned to one of fourpossible genotype classes. These plants were used in no-choice, detached leaffeeding bioassays with corn earworm and soybean looper larvae (Lepidoptera:Noctuidae) to evaluate the relative antibiosis in the different genotypeclasses. Resistance was measured as larval weight gain and degree of foliageconsumption. Few larvae of either species survived on leaves expressing theCry1Ac protein. Though not as great as the effect of Cry1Ac, the PI229358-derived LG M QTL also had a detrimental effect on larval weights of bothpest species, and on defoliation by corn earworm, but did not reduce defoliation bysoybean looper. Weights of soybean looper larvae fed foliage from transgenicplants with the PI-derived QTL were lower than those of larvae fed transgenictissue with the corresponding Jack chromosomal segment. This work demonstratesthe usefulness of SSRs for marker-assisted selection in soybean, and shows thatcombining transgene-and QTL-mediated resistance to lepidopteran pests may be aviable strategy for insect control.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Akkaya M.S., Bhagwat A.A. and Cregan P.B. 1992. Length polymorphisms of simple sequence repeat DNA in soybean. Genetics 132: 1131-1139.
Boethel D.J. 1999. Assessment of soybean germplasm for multiple insect resistance. In: Clement S.L. and Quisenberry S.S. (eds), Global Plant Genetic Resources for Insect-Resistant Crops. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, pp. 101-129.
Clark W.J., Harris F.A., Maxwell F.G. and Hartwig E.E. 1972. Resistance of certain soybean cultivars to bean leaf beetle, striped blister beetle, and bollworm. J. Econ. Entomol. 65: 1669-1672.
Cregan P.B., Jarvik T., Bush A.L., Shoemaker R.C., Lark K.G., Kahler A.L. et al. 1999. An integrated genetic linkage map of the soybean genome. Crop Sci. 39: 1464-1490.
Diwan N. and Cregan P.B. 1997. Automated sizing of fluorescentlabeled simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers to assay genetic variation in soybean. Theor. Appl. Genet. 95: 723-733.
Douches D.S., Westedt A.L., Zarka K. and Schroeter B. 1998. Potato transformation to combine natural and engineered resistance for controlling potato tuber moth. HortScience 33: 1053-1056.
Forcada C., Alcácer E., Garcerá M.D. and Martínez R. 1996. Differences in the midgut proteolytic activity of two Heliothis virscens strains, one susceptible and one resistant to Bacillus thuringiensis toxins. Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. 31: 257-272.
Frutos R., Rang C. and Royer M. 1999. Managing insect resistance to plants producing Bacillus thuringiensis toxins. Crit. Rev. Biotechnol. 19: 227-276.
Gould F., Martinez-Ramirez A., Anderson A., Ferre J., Silva F.J. and Moar W.J. 1992. Broad-spectrum resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis toxins in Heliothis virescens. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci USA 89: 7986-7990.
Haile F.J., Higley L.G. and Specht J.E 1998. Soybean cultivars and insect defoliation: yield loss and economic injury levels. Agron. J. 90: 344-352.
Hatchett J.H., Beland G.L. and Hartwig E.E 1976. Leaf-feeding resistance to bollworm and tobacco budworm in three soybean plant introductions. Crop Sci. 16: 277-280.
Keim P., Olson T.C. and Shoemaker R.C. 1988. A rapid protocol for isolating soybean DNA. Soybean Genet. Newsl. 15: 150-152.
Keller M., Sneh B., Strizhov N., Prudovsky E., Regev A., Koncz C. et al. 1996. Digestion of δ-endotoxin by gut proteases may explain reduced sensitivity of advanced instar larvae of Spodoptera littoralis to CryIC. Insect Biochem. Mol. Biol. 26: 365-373.
Kilen T.C., Hatchet J.H. and Hartwig E.E. 1977. Evaluation of early generation soybeans for resistance to soybean looper. Crop Sci. 17: 397-398.
Kresovich S., Szewc-McFadden A.K. and Bliek S.M 1995. Abundance and characterization of simple-sequence repeats (SSRs) isolated from a size-fractioned genomic library of Brassica napus L. (rapeseed). Theor. Appl. Genet. 91: 206-211.
Lee S.H., Bailey M.A., Mian M.A.R., Shipe E.R., Ashley D.A., Parrott W.A. et al. 1996. Identification of quantitative trait loci for plant height, lodging maturity in a soybean population segregating for growth habit. Theor. Appl. Genet. 92: 516-523.
Maroof M.A.S., Biyashev R.M., Yang G.P., Zhang Q. and Allard R.W 1994. Extraordinarily polymorphic microsatellite DNA in barley: species diversity, chromosomal locations, and population dynamics. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 91: 5466-5470.
Narvel J.M., Walker D.R., Rector B.G., All J.N., Parott W.A. and Boerma H.R. 2001. A retrospective DNA marker assessment of the development of insect resistant soybeen. Crop. Sci. 41: 1931-1939.
McGaughey W.H. and Whalon M.E. 1992. Managing insect resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis toxins. Science 258: 1451-1455.
Oppert B., Kramer K.J., Beeman R.W., Johnson D. and Mc-Gaughey W.H 1997. Proteinase-mediated insect resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis toxins. J. Biol. Chem. 272: 23473-23476.
Rafalski J.A. and Tingey S.V. 1993. Genetic diagnostics in plant breeding: RAPDs, microsatllites and machines. Trends Genet. 9: 275-279.
Rector B.G., All J.N., Parrott W.A. and Boerma H.R 1998. Identification of molecular markers associated with quantitative trait loci for soybean resistance to corn earworm. Theor. Appl. Genet. 96: 786-790.
Rector B.G., All J.N., Parrott W.A. and Boerma H.R 1999. Quantitative trait loci for antixenosis resistance to corn earworm in soybean. Crop Sci. 39: 531-538.
Rector B.G., All J.N., Parrott W.A. and Boerma H.R 2000. Quantitative trait loci for antibiosis resistance to corn earworm in soybean. Crop Sci. 40: 233-238.
Rongwen J., Akkaya M.S., Bhagwat A.A., Lavi U. and Cregan P.B. 1995. The use of microsatellite DNA markers for soybean genotype identification. Theor. Appl. Genet. 90: 43-48.
Roush R.T. 1998. Two-toxin strategies for management of insecticidal transgenic crops: can pyramiding succeed where pesticide mixtures have not? Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B 353: 1777-1786.
Sachs E.S., Benedict J.H., Taylor J.F., Stelly D.M., Davis S.K. and Altman D.W. 1996. Pyramiding Cry1A(b) insecticidal protein and terpenoïds in cotton to resist tobacco budworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Environ. Entomol. 25: 1257-1266.
Santos M.O., Adang M.J., All J.N., Boerma H.R. and Parrott W.A. 1996. Testing transgenes for insect resistance using Arabidopsis. Mol. Breed. 3: 183-194.
Steel R.G.D. and Torrie J.H. 1960. Principles and Procedures of Statistics. McGraw-Hill, New York.
Stewart C.N., Adang M.J., All J.N., Boerma H.R., Cardineau G., Tucker D. et al. 1996. Genetic transformation, recovery, and characterization of fertile soybean transgenic for a synthetic Bacillus thuringiensis cryIAc gene. Plant Physiol. 112: 121-129.
Stone T.B., Sims S.R. and Marrone P.G. 1989. Selection of tobacco budworm for resistance to a genetically engineered Pseudomonas fluorescens containing the δ-endotoxin of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki. J. Invert. Path. 53: 228-234.
Tabashnik B.E. 1994. Evolution of resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis. Annu. Rev. Entomol. 39: 47-79.
Van Duyn J.W., Turnipseed S.G. and Maxwell J.D. 1971. Resistance in soybean to the Mexican bean beetle. Crop Sci. 11: 572-573.
Walker D.R., All J.N., McPherson R.M., Boerma H.R. and Parrott W.A. 2000. Field evaluation of soybean engineered with a synthetic cry1Ac transgene for resistance to corn earworm, soybean looper, velvetbean caterpillar (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), and lesser cornstalk borer (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). J. Econ. Entomol. 93: 613-622.
Weber J.L. 1990. Informativeness of human (dC-dA)n (dG-dT)n polymorphisms. Genomics 7: 524-530.
Weber J.L. and May P.E. 1989. Abundant class of human DNA polymorphisms which can be typed using the polymerase chain reaction. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 44: 388-396.
Ziegle J.S., Su Y., Corcoran K.P., Nie L., Mayrand P.E., Hoff L.B. et al. 1992. Application of automated DNA sizing technology for genotyping microsatellite loci. Genomics 14: 1026-1031.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Walker, D., Roger Boerma, H., All, J. et al. Combining cry1Ac with QTL alleles from PI 229358 to improve soybean resistance to lepidopteran pests. Molecular Breeding 9, 43–51 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1018923925003
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1018923925003