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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 09 August 2021
The 1975 World Conference on Women marked the beginning of the United Nations Decade for Women. The conference report, written soon afterwards, underlined that ‘the issue of inequality that affects the vast majority of women of the world is closely linked with the problem of under-development which exists as a result not only of unsuitable internal structures but also of a profoundly unjust world economic system’. This type of holistic and more radical understanding of (under)development has usually been lost in mainstream accounts of the history of development as a colonial endeavour or as a Western-imposed set of values and templates rooted in modernisation theory. A recent wave of scholarship, however, has sought to recover the agency of the ‘Global South’ in the history of internationalism and development, uncovering the plurality of internationalisms and the variety of political imaginaries that shaped twentieth-century ideas of development.
1 ‘Report of the World Conference of the International Women's Year, Mexico City, 19 June–2 July 1975’, United Nations Digital Library, https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/586225?ln=en (last accessed 27 Oct. 2020).
2 Stephen J. Macekura and Erez Manela, ‘Introduction’, in Stephen J. Macekura and Erez Manela, eds., The Development Century: A Global History (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2018), 1–18, 10.
3 Thomas Robertson, ‘New Frontiers: World War II Technologies and the Opening of Tropical Environments to Development’, in Stephen J. Macekura and Erez Manela, eds., The Development Century (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2018), 107–29, 129.
4 Joseph M. Hodge, Gerald Hodl and Martina Kopf, eds., Developing Africa: Concepts and Practices in Twentieth-Century Colonialism (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2014); Arturo Escobar, Encountering Development: The Making and Unmaking of the Third World (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1995), 4
5 Christy Thornton, ‘“Mexico Has the Theories”: Latin America and the Interwar Origins of Development’, in Macekura and Manela, eds., The Development Century, 263–82, 282.
6 Cyrus Schayegh, ‘Imperial and Transnational Developmentalisms: Middle Eastern Interplays, 1880s–1960s’, in Macekura and Manela, eds., The Development Century, 61–82, 62.
7 Prija Lal, African Socialism in Postcolonial Tanzania: Between the Village and the World (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2015), 175–6.
8 Nathan J. Citino, ‘Nasser, Hammarskjöld, and Middle East Development in Different Scales of Space and Time’, in Macekura and Manela, eds., The Development Century (New York: Cambridge University Press), 283–304, 304.
9 Christopher R. W. Dietrich, Oil Revolution: Anticolonial Elites, Sovereign Rights, and the Economic Culture of Decolonization (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2017), 7–9.
10 Bonfiglioli, Chiara, ‘The First UN World Conference on Women (1975) as a Cold War Encounter: Recovering Anti-Imperialist, Non-Aligned and Socialist Genealogies’, Filozofija i Drustvo, 17, 3 (2016), 521–41CrossRefGoogle Scholar; Jain, Devaki and Chacko, Shubha, ‘Walking Together: The Journey of the Non-Aligned Movement and the Women's Movement’, Development in Practice, 19, 7 (2009), 895–905CrossRefGoogle Scholar.
11 Jeffrey James Byrne, Mecca of Revolution: Algeria, Decolonization, and the Third World Order (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2016), 168.
12 See also Giuliano Garavini, The Rise and Fall of OPEC in the Twentieth Century (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2019).
13 Dietrich, Oil Revolution, 2 and 262.
14 Spaskovska, Ljubica, ‘Building a Better World? Construction, Labour Mobility and the Pursuit of Collective Self-Reliance in the “Global South”, 1950–1990’, Labor History, 59, 3 (2018), 331–51CrossRefGoogle Scholar, 3.
15 Byrne, Mecca of Revolution, 169.
16 Priya Lal, ‘Decolonization and the Gendered Politics of Developmental Labor in Southeastern Africa’, in Macekura and Manela, eds., The Development Century, 173–94, 187.
17 Ibid., 193.
18 Jeremy Adelman, ‘Epilogue: Development Dreams’, in Macekura and Manela, eds., The Development Century, 326–38, 328.
19 Lal, African Socialism in Postcolonial Tanzania, 29.
20 James Mark, Bogdan Iacob, Tobias Rupprecht and Ljubica Spaskovska, 1989: A Global History of Eastern Europe (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2019).
21 Lal, African Socialism in Postcolonial Tanzania, 62.
22 Ibid., 69.
23 Alessandro Iandolo, ‘De-Stalinizing Growth: Decolonization and the Development of Development Economics in the Soviet Union’, in Macekura and Manela, eds., The Development Century, 197–219, 218.
24 Byrne, Mecca of Revolution, 296.
25 Pavel Szobi, ‘Czechoslovak Economic Interests in Angola in the 1970s and 1980s’, in Anna Calori, Anne Hartmetz, Bence Kocsev, James Mark and Jan Zofka, eds., Globalization Projects East and South: Spaces of Economic Interaction During the Cold War (Oldenbourg: DeGruyter, 2019), 165–96.
26 Corinna R. Unger, International Development: A Postwar History (New York: Bloomsbury Publishing, 2018), 100.
27 Dietrich, Oil Revolution, 313.
28 Ibid.
29 Ibid., 309.
30 Unger, International Development, 127.
31 John Toye and Richard Toye, The UN and Global Political Economy: Trade, Finance, and Development (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2004), 254.
32 Unger, International Development, 145.
33 Chabal, Emile, ‘The Agonies of Liberalism’, Contemporary European History, 26, 1 (2017), 161–73CrossRefGoogle Scholar.
34 Paul Adler, ‘Creating “The NGO International”: The Rise of Advocacy for Alternative Development, 1974–1994’, in Macekura and Manela, eds., The Development Century, 305–25.
35 Nunan, ‘Graveyard of Development?’, 237.
36 ‘Updated overview of the major international economic and policy challenges for equitable and inclusive sustained economic growth and sustainable development, and of the role of the United Nations in addressing these issues in the light of the New International Economic Order’, 20 July 2016, UN General Assembly, https://www.un.org/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=A/71/168 (last accessed 28 Oct. 2020).
37 Ibid., 336.
38 Timothy Nunan, ‘Graveyard of Development? Afghanistan's Cold War Encounters with International Development and Humanitarianism’, in Macekura and Manela, eds., The Development Century, 220–39, 228.
39 Johanna Bockman, Markets in the Name of Socialism: The Left-Wing Origins of Neoliberalism (Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2011).
40 Chris Alden, Daniel Large and Ricardo Soares de Oliveira, eds., China Returns to Africa (London: Hurst, 2008).
41 Amanda Kay McVety, ‘Wealth and Nations: The Origins of International Development Assistance, in Macekura and Manela, eds., The Development Century, 21–39.
