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Life stress influences the relationship between sex hormone fluctuation and affective symptoms in peripubertal female adolescents

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 March 2023

Elizabeth Andersen Open the ORCID record for Elizabeth Andersen [Opens in a new window] ,
Hannah Klusmann ,
Tory Eisenlohr-Moul ,
Kayla Baresich  and
Susan Girdler
Elizabeth Andersen*
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
Hannah Klusmann
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA Division of Clinical Psychological Intervention, Department of Education and Psychology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
Tory Eisenlohr-Moul
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
Kayla Baresich
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
Susan Girdler
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
*
Corresponding author: Elizabeth Andersen, email: elizabeth_andersen@med.unc.edu
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Abstract

Female adolescents have a greatly increased risk of depression starting at puberty, which continues throughout the reproductive lifespan. Sex hormone fluctuation has been highlighted as a key proximal precipitating factor in the development of mood disorders tied to reproductive events; however, hormone-induced affective state change is poorly understood in the pubertal transition. The present study investigated the impact of recent stressful life events on the relationship between sex hormone change and affective symptoms in peripubertal female participants. Thirty-five peripubertal participants (ages 11–14, premenarchal, or within 1 year of menarche) completed an assessment of stressful life events, and provided weekly salivary hormone collections [estrone, testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA)] and mood assessments for 8 weeks. Linear mixed models tested whether stressful life events provided a context in which within-person changes in hormones predicted weekly affective symptoms. Results indicated that exposure to stressful life events proximal to the pubertal transition influenced the directional effects of hormone change on affective symptoms. Specifically, greater affective symptoms were associated with increases in hormones in a high stress context and decreases in hormones in a low stress context. These findings provide support for stress-related hormone sensitivity as a diathesis for precipitating affective symptoms in the presence of pronounced peripubertal hormone flux.

Keywords

depressionfemalepubertysex hormonesstress
Type
Regular Article
Information
Development and Psychopathology , Volume 36 , Issue 2 , May 2024 , pp. 821 - 833
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Copyright
© The Author(s), 2023. Published by Cambridge University Press

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Footnotes

Elizabeth Andersen and Hannah Klusmann are shared first authors.

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