Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-wg55d Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-06-02T14:51:42.938Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Integrating functional synthesis

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  07 October 2005

WILLIAM H. WOOD
Affiliation:
Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland 21250, USA
HUI DONG
Affiliation:
Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland 21250, USA
CLIVE L. DYM
Affiliation:
Department of Engineering, Harvey Mudd College, Claremont, California 91711, USA

Abstract

Design couples synthesis and analysis in iterative cycles, alternatively generating solutions, and evaluating their validity. The accuracy and depth of evaluation has increased markedly because of the availability of powerful simulation tools and the development of domain-specific knowledge bases. Efforts to extend the state of the art in evaluation have unfortunately been carried out in stovepipe fashion, depending on domain-specific views both of function and of what constitutes “good” design. Although synthesis as practiced by humans is an intentional process that centers on the notion of function, computational synthesis often eschews such intention for sheer permutation. Rather than combining synthesis and analysis to form an integrated design environment, current methods focus on comprehensive search for solutions within highly circumscribed subdomains of design. This paper presents an overview of the progress made in representing design function across abstraction levels proven useful to human designers. Through an example application in the domain of mechatronics, these representations are integrated across domains and throughout the design process.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
© 2005 Cambridge University Press

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Boothroyd, G., Dewhurst, P., & Knight, W. (2001). Product Design for Manufacturing and Assembly, 2nd ed. New York: Marcel Dekker.
Chakrabarti, A. & Bligh, T.P. (1994). An approach to functional synthesis of solutions in mechanical conceptual design. Part I: knowledge representation. Research in Engineering Design 6(3), 127141.Google Scholar
Chakrabarti, A. & Bligh, T.P. (1996a). Approach to functional synthesis of solutions in mechanical conceptual design. Part II: kind synthesis. Research in Engineering Design 8(1), 5262.Google Scholar
Chakrabarti, A. & Bligh, T.P. (1996b). Approach to functional synthesis of solutions in mechanical conceptual design. Part III: spatial configuration. Research in Engineering Design 8(2), 116124.Google Scholar
Chakrabarti, A. & Bligh, T.P. (2001). A scheme for functional reasoning in conceptual design. Design Studies 22, 493517.Google Scholar
Chandrasekaran, B. & Josephson, J.R. (2000). Function in device representation. Engineering with Computers 16, 162177.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chiou, S.-J. & Kota, S. (1999). Automated conceptual design of mechanisms. Mechanism and Machine Theory 34, 467495.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dong, H. & Wood, W. (2004). Integrating computational synthesis and decision-based conceptual design. Proc. ASME 2004 Design Theory and Methodology Conf., Paper No. DETC2004-57481, Salt Lake City, UT.
Dym, C.L. (1994a). Engineering Design: A Synthesis of Views. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Dym, C.L. (1994b). Representing designed objects: the languages of engineering design. Archives for Computational Methods in Engineering 1(1), 75108.Google Scholar
Dym, C.L. & Brey, P. (2000). Languages of engineering design: Empirical constructs for representing objects and articulating processes. Research in Philosophy and Technology 20, 119148.Google Scholar
Dym, C.L. & Levitt, R.E. (1991). Toward an integrated environment for engineering modeling and computation. Engineering with Computers 7(4), 209224.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fagade, A. & Kazmer, D. (1999). Optimal component consolidation in molded product design. Proc. ASME 1999 Design for Manufacture Conf., Paper No. DETC1999/DFM-8921, Las Vegas, NV.
Gietka, P., Verma, M., & Wood, W.H. (2002). Functional modeling, reverse engineering, and design reuse. Proc. ASME 2002 Design Theory and Methodology Conf., Paper No. DETC2002/DTM-34019, Montreal, Canada.
Hauser, J.R. & Clausing, D. (1988). The house of quality. Harvard Business Review May–June, 6373.
Kota, S. & Erdman, A.G. (1997). Motion control in product design. Mechanical Engineering August, 7476.
Kurfman, M.A., Stock, M.E., Stone, R., Rajan, J., & Wood, K. (2003). Experimental studies assessing the repeatability of a functional modeling derivation method. Journal of Mechanical Design 125, 682693.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Leifer, L. (1994). Personal communication.
Maher, M.L. & Pu, P. (1997). Issues and Applications of Case-Based Reasoning in Design. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
McAdams, D.A., Stone, R.B., & Wood, K.L. (1999). Functional interdependence and product similarity based on customer needs. Research in Engineering Design 11(1), 119.Google Scholar
Navinchandra, D. (1988). Behavioral synthesis in cadet, a case-based design tool. Proc. DARPA Workshop on Case-based Reasoning, pp. 286301. San Mateo, CA: Morgan–Kaufman.
Pahl, G. & Beitz, W. (1988). Engineering Design—A Systematic Approach. New York: Springer–Verlag.
Qian, L. & Gero, J.S. (1996). Function–behavior–structure paths and their role in analogy-based design. Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing 10(4), 289312.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Raghavan, A. & Stahovich, T.F. (1998). Computing design rationales by interpreting simulations. Proc. ASME 1998 Design Engineering Technical Conf., Paper No. DETC1998/DTM-5662, Atlanta, GA.
Reddy, G. & Cagan, J. (1995). Optimally directed truss topology generation using shape annealing. Journal of Mechanical Design 117(1), 206209.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Roth, K. (1987). Design models and design catalogs. Int. Conf. Engineering Design (ICED'87), pp. 6066.
Schmidt, L.C., Shetty, H., & Chase, S. (2000). A graph grammar approach for structure synthesis of mechanisms. Journal of Mechanical Design 122, 371376.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sharpe, J.E.E. & Bracewell, R.H. (1996). Functional descriptions used in computer support for qualitative scheme generation—“schemebuilder.” Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing 10(5), 333345.Google Scholar
Shea, K. & Cagan, J. (1997). Innovative dome design: applying geodesic patterns with shape annealing. Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis, and Manufacture 13(3), 241251.Google Scholar
Stone, R.B. & Wood, K.L. (2000). Development of a functional basis for design. Journal of Mechanical Design 122(4), 359370.Google Scholar
Swift, K.G. & Booker, J.D. (1997). Process Delection from Design to Manufacture. London: Arnold.
Takeda, H., Veerkamp, P., Tomiyamo, T., & Yoshikawa, H. (1990). Modeling design processes. AI Magazine 11(4), 3748.Google Scholar
Ullman, D.G. (1992a). The Mechanical Design Process. New York: McGraw–Hill.
Ullman, D.G. (1992b). A taxonomy for mechanical design. Research in Engineering Design 3.
Umeda, Y., Tomiyama, T., Yoshikawa, H., & Shimomura, Y. (1994). Using functional maintenance to improve fault tolerance. IEEE Expert 9(3), 2531.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Verma, M. & Wood, W.H. (2001). Form follows function: case-based learning over product evolution. Proc. ASME 2001 Design Engineering Technical Conf., Paper No. DETC2001/DFM-21182, Pittsburgh, PA.
Verma, M. & Wood, W. (2003). Functional modeling: toward a common language for design and reverse engineering. Proc. ASME 2003 Design Theory and Methodology Conf., Paper No. DETC2003/DTM-48660, Chicago.
Verma, M. & Wood, W. (2004). Toward case-based functional design: matching reverse engineering practice with the design process. Unpublished manuscript.
Wood, W.H. & Agogino, A.M. (2005). Decision-based conceptual design: modeling and navigating heterogeneous design spaces. ASME Journal of Mechanical Design 127(1), 211.Google Scholar
Yoshikawa, H. (1981). General design theory and a CAD system. Man-Machine Communications in CAD/CAM, Proc. IFIP WG 5.2-5.3 Working Conf. (Computer Aided Design/Computer Aided Manufacturing), pp. 3558, Tokyo. Amsterdam: North-Holland.