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ARCHAIC KNOSSOS, ARCHAEOLOGICAL NARRATIVES, AND CONSERVATISM IN CRETAN MATERIAL CULTURE
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 21 February 2024
Abstract
This study addresses a longstanding historical and archaeological problem at the central Cretan urban centre of Knossos. This is the so-called ‘Archaic gap’, an apparent dearth of evidence for sixth-century BCE material culture across the extensively excavated city. The concept of a pronounced Knossian decline or recession at this time has been reaffirmed in recent years, with widespread repercussions for Cretan archaeology. By reconsidering ceramics from the Royal Road North and Unexplored Mansion excavations, as well as situating these deposits within their urban and regional contexts, I question the epistemological foundations of the Knossian gap and provide new directions for identifying sixth-century Knossian material culture. I propose that the apparent ‘gap’ is a product of several factors: (1) a relative disinterest in imports in sixth-century Knossos, (2) a dispersed, rather than densely nucleated, urban settlement pattern, and (3) a previously unrecognised conservatism in Knossian ceramics, where some of the ‘Orientalising’ styles traditionally dated to the seventh century were retained into the sixth. This phenomenon of conservatism differs in important ways from the ‘restraint’ or ‘austerity’ that has been previously proposed as characteristic of Archaic and Classical Crete.
Η παρούσα μελέτη πραγματεύεται ένα μακροχρόνιο ιστορικό και αρχαιολογικό ζήτημα αναφορικά με την πόλη της Κνωσού, στην κεντρική Κρήτη. Πρόκειται για το αποκαλούμενο “αρχαϊκό κενό”, την φαινομενική έλλειψη υλικών καταλοίπων του έκτου αιώνα π.Χ. από μία διεξοδικά ανεσκαμμένη πόλη. Η ιδέα μίας έντονης παρακμής ή ύφεσης κατά την περίοδο αυτή έχει πρόσφατα επαναπροταθεί, έχοντας εκτεταμένες συνέπειες στην κρητική αρχαιολογία. Επανεξετάζοντας την κεραμική από τις ανασκαφές του Royal Road North και του Unexplored Mansion και τοποθετώντας την στα αστικά και περιφερειακά της συγκείμενα, θέτω υπό αμφισβήτηση τα επιστημολογικά θεμέλια του “κενού”, ενώ παράλληλα παρέχω καινούργιους τρόπους ταυτοποίησης του Κνωσιακού υλικού πολιτισμού του έκτου αιώνα. Προτείνω ότι αυτό το φαινομενικό “κενό” οφείλεται στους εξής λόγους: (1) μια σχετική αδιαφορία για εισαγωγή κεραμικής στην Κνωσό του έκτου αιώνα, (2) ένας αραιός αστικός σχεδιασμός του οικισμού, και (3) ένας – έως τώρα μη διαπιστωμένος – συντηρητισμός της Κνωσιακής κεραμικής , λόγω του οποίου κάποιες “ανατολίζουσες” τεχνοτροπίες, που συμβατικά χρονολογούνται στον έβδομο αιώνα, διατηρήθηκαν και κατά τη διάρκεια του έκτου αιώνα. Αυτός ο συντηρητισμός διαφέρει σημαντικά από την “λιτότητα” ή την “αυστηρότητα” που στο παρελθόν έχει προταθεί ότι χαρακτηρίζει την αρχαϊκή και κλασική Κρήτη.
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References
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