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The Global Civil-Military Dilemma
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 05 August 2009
Extract
We live in a world of several intersecting crises: the technological crisis, the psychological crisis of “national liberation”, the bipolar clash of monolithic and pluralist ideals, and the bitter paradoxical crisis in which the availability of military force far outweighs the political goals that might command its use. In combination, we have a crisis of the unknown, where science, soldiery, diplomacy, education, and many other agencies struggle fruitlessly to deal with the inexorable situation. And in this crisis military groups of the affected nations are subjected to a series of novel pressures.
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References
1 Quoted from The Nation, Rangoon, 06 25, 1958Google Scholar.
2 Exiled in the historic fashion of Aegean politics, for a year, fourteen “activist” Turkish officers were permitted to return after the legislative elections of October, 1961, which, among other things, had carried General Gursel to the Presidency. One of them in Paris commented: “The recent evolution of the Turkish situation justifies our repeated cautions and confirms our belief that the establishment of social democracy should have preceded political democracy”. Le Monde, October 31, 1961. The unsuccessful coup of March, 1962, is a continuation of this situation.
3 If, as has been alleged, Premier Khrushchev suffered serious military opposition from Malinovsky and others in his decision to back down in the Cuban crisis of October, 1962, it would be an illustration of this principle.
4 New York Times, March 23, 1962.
5 For an interpretation of this dynamic, see Delmas, Claude, La Guerre Révolutionnaire, “Que Sais–Je?” (Paris, 1959)Google Scholar.
6 Quoted from Krief, Claude, “Portrait d'un Colonel” (an interview with Colonel Argoud, November, 1960), La NEF, 07–09, 1961, p. 54Google Scholar.
7 Nasser, Gamal Abdul, Egypt's Liberation: The Philosophy of the Revolution (Washington, 1955), pp. 31–32Google Scholar.
8 The pith of this argument would seem to be resumed in Senator Fulbright's remarks to the National War College on August 21, 1961: “A truly ‘tough’ approach … is one which accepts the challenge of Communism with the courage and determination to meet it with every instrumentality of foreign policy … and with willingness to see the struggle as far into the future as may be necessary”.
9 Aron, Raymond, The Century of Total War (Boston, 1954), p. 91Google Scholar.