Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-5nwft Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-30T10:26:21.864Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Lithium prevents grey matter atrophy in patients with bipolar disorder: an international multicenter study

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 January 2020

Franz Hozer Open the ORCID record for Franz Hozer [Opens in a new window] ,
Samuel Sarrazin ,
Charles Laidi ,
Pauline Favre ,
Melissa Pauling ,
Dara Cannon ,
Colm McDonald ,
Louise Emsell ,
Jean-François Mangin  and
Edouard Duchesnay
...Show all authors
Franz Hozer*
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Corentin-Celton, Issy-les-Moulineaux, France Paris Descartes University, PRES Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France UNIACT Lab, Psychiatry Team, NeuroSpin Neuroimaging Platform, CEA Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France INSERM U955, Mondor Institute for Biomedical Research, Team 15, Translational Psychiatry, Créteil, France
Samuel Sarrazin
Affiliation:
UNIACT Lab, Psychiatry Team, NeuroSpin Neuroimaging Platform, CEA Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France INSERM U955, Mondor Institute for Biomedical Research, Team 15, Translational Psychiatry, Créteil, France
Charles Laidi
Affiliation:
UNIACT Lab, Psychiatry Team, NeuroSpin Neuroimaging Platform, CEA Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France INSERM U955, Mondor Institute for Biomedical Research, Team 15, Translational Psychiatry, Créteil, France Department of Psychiatry, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpitaux Universitaires Mondor, Créteil, France Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France
Pauline Favre
Affiliation:
UNIACT Lab, Psychiatry Team, NeuroSpin Neuroimaging Platform, CEA Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France INSERM U955, Mondor Institute for Biomedical Research, Team 15, Translational Psychiatry, Créteil, France
Melissa Pauling
Affiliation:
UNIACT Lab, Psychiatry Team, NeuroSpin Neuroimaging Platform, CEA Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France INSERM U955, Mondor Institute for Biomedical Research, Team 15, Translational Psychiatry, Créteil, France Department of Psychiatry, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpitaux Universitaires Mondor, Créteil, France Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France
Dara Cannon
Affiliation:
Centre for Neuroimaging & Cognitive Genomics (NICOG), NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, National University of Ireland Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland
Colm McDonald
Affiliation:
Centre for Neuroimaging & Cognitive Genomics (NICOG), NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, National University of Ireland Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland
Louise Emsell
Affiliation:
Translational MRI, Department of Imaging & Pathology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium Department of Old Age Psychiatry, University Psychiatry Centre, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
Jean-François Mangin
Affiliation:
UNATI Lab, NeuroSpin Neuroimaging Platform, CEA Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
Edouard Duchesnay
Affiliation:
UNATI Lab, NeuroSpin Neuroimaging Platform, CEA Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
Marcella Bellani
Affiliation:
UOC Psychiatry, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata Verona (AOUI), Verona, Italy
Paolo Brambilla
Affiliation:
Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Grand Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
Michele Wessa
Affiliation:
Department of Clinical Psychology and Neuropsychology, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
Julia Linke
Affiliation:
Department of Clinical Psychology and Neuropsychology, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
Mircea Polosan
Affiliation:
Grenoble Alpes University, Grenoble Institute of Neuroscience, INSERM U1216, Hôpital Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
Amelia Versace
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
Mary L. Phillips
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
Marine Delavest
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Lariboisière-Fernand Widal, INSERM U705 CNRS UMR 8206, Paris, France Paris Diderot University, Paris, France
Frank Bellivier
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Lariboisière-Fernand Widal, INSERM U705 CNRS UMR 8206, Paris, France Paris Diderot University, Paris, France
Nora Hamdani
Affiliation:
INSERM U955, Mondor Institute for Biomedical Research, Team 15, Translational Psychiatry, Créteil, France Department of Psychiatry, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpitaux Universitaires Mondor, Créteil, France Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France
Marc-Antoine d'Albis
Affiliation:
UNIACT Lab, Psychiatry Team, NeuroSpin Neuroimaging Platform, CEA Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France INSERM U955, Mondor Institute for Biomedical Research, Team 15, Translational Psychiatry, Créteil, France Department of Psychiatry, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpitaux Universitaires Mondor, Créteil, France Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France
Marion Leboyer
Affiliation:
INSERM U955, Mondor Institute for Biomedical Research, Team 15, Translational Psychiatry, Créteil, France Department of Psychiatry, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpitaux Universitaires Mondor, Créteil, France Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France Faculté de Médecine de Créteil, Université Paris Est Créteil, Créteil, France
Josselin Houenou
Affiliation:
UNIACT Lab, Psychiatry Team, NeuroSpin Neuroimaging Platform, CEA Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France INSERM U955, Mondor Institute for Biomedical Research, Team 15, Translational Psychiatry, Créteil, France Department of Psychiatry, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpitaux Universitaires Mondor, Créteil, France Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France Faculté de Médecine de Créteil, Université Paris Est Créteil, Créteil, France
*
Author for correspondence: Franz Hozer, E-mail: franz.hozer@aphp.fr
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Background

Lithium (Li) is the gold standard treatment for bipolar disorder (BD). However, its mechanisms of action remain unknown but include neurotrophic effects. We here investigated the influence of Li on cortical and local grey matter (GM) volumes in a large international sample of patients with BD and healthy controls (HC).

Methods

We analyzed high-resolution T1-weighted structural magnetic resonance imaging scans of 271 patients with BD type I (120 undergoing Li) and 316 HC. Cortical and local GM volumes were compared using voxel-wise approaches with voxel-based morphometry and SIENAX using FSL. We used multiple linear regression models to test the influence of Li on cortical and local GM volumes, taking into account potential confounding factors such as a history of alcohol misuse.

Results

Patients taking Li had greater cortical GM volume than patients without. Patients undergoing Li had greater regional GM volumes in the right middle frontal gyrus, the right anterior cingulate gyrus, and the left fusiform gyrus in comparison with patients not taking Li.

Conclusions

Our results in a large multicentric sample support the hypothesis that Li could exert neurotrophic and neuroprotective effects limiting pathological GM atrophy in key brain regions associated with BD.

Keywords

Bipolar disordergrey matter volumelithiumMRI
Type
Original Article
Information
Psychological Medicine , Volume 51 , Issue 7 , May 2021 , pp. 1201 - 1210
Check for updates
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2020

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Abé, C., Ekman, C.-J., Sellgren, C., Petrovic, P., Ingvar, M., & Landén, M. (2015). Manic episodes are related to changes in frontal cortex: A longitudinal neuroimaging study of bipolar disorder 1. Brain: A Journal of Neurology, 138(Pt 11), 3440–3448. doi: 10.1093/brain/awv266CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Abramovic, L., Boks, M. P. M., Vreeker, A., Bouter, D. C., Kruiper, C., Verkooijen, S., … van Haren, N. E. M. (2016). The association of antipsychotic medication and lithium with brain measures in patients with bipolar disorder. European Neuropsychopharmacology: The Journal of the European College of Neuropsychopharmacology, 26(11), 1741–1751. doi: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2016.09.371CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Arnone, D., Cavanagh, J., Gerber, D., Lawrie, S. M., Ebmeier, K. P., & McIntosh, A. M. (2009). Magnetic resonance imaging studies in bipolar disorder and schizophrenia: Meta-analysis. The British Journal of Psychiatry: The Journal of Mental Science, 195(3), 194–201. doi: 10.1192/bjp.bp.108.059717CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Benedetti, F., Poletti, S., Radaelli, D., Locatelli, C., Pirovano, A., Lorenzi, C., … Colombo, C. (2015). Lithium and GSK-3β promoter gene variants influence cortical gray matter volumes in bipolar disorder. Psychopharmacology, 232(7), 1325–1336. doi: 10.1007/s00213-014-3770-4CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Beyer, J. L., Kuchibhatla, M., Payne, M. E., Macfall, J., Cassidy, F., & Krishnan, K. R. R. (2009). Gray and white matter brain volumes in older adults with bipolar disorder. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 24(12), 1445–1452. doi: 10.1002/gps.2285CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bora, E., Fornito, A., Yücel, M., & Pantelis, C. (2010). Voxelwise meta-analysis of gray matter abnormalities in bipolar disorder. Biological Psychiatry, 67(11), 1097–1105. doi: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2010.01.020CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Brambilla, P., Harenski, K., Nicoletti, M., Mallinger, A. G., Frank, E., Kupfer, D. J., … Soares, J. C. (2001). Differential effects of age on brain gray matter in bipolar patients and healthy individuals. Neuropsychobiology, 43(4), 242–247. doi: 54897.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cousins, D. A., Aribisala, B., Nicol Ferrier, I., & Blamire, A. M. (2013). Lithium, gray matter, and magnetic resonance imaging signal. Biological Psychiatry, 73(7), 652–657. doi: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2012.09.029CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Douaud, G., Smith, S., Jenkinson, M., Behrens, T., Johansen-Berg, H., Vickers, J., … James, A. (2007). Anatomically related grey and white matter abnormalities in adolescent-onset schizophrenia. Brain: A Journal of Neurology, 130(Pt 9), 2375–2386. doi: 10.1093/brain/awm184CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Eyler, L. T., Chen, C.-H., Panizzon, M. S., Fennema-Notestine, C., Neale, M. C., Jak, A., … Kremen, W. S. (2012). A comparison of heritability maps of cortical surface area and thickness and the influence of adjustment for whole brain measures: A magnetic resonance imaging twin study. Twin Research and Human Genetics: The Official Journal of the International Society for Twin Studies, 15(3), 304–314. doi: 10.1017/thg.2012.3CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Favre, P., Baciu, M., Pichat, C., Bougerol, T., & Polosan, M. (2014). FMRI evidence for abnormal resting-state functional connectivity in euthymic bipolar patients. Journal of Affective Disorders, 165, 182–189. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2014.04.054CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ferro, A., Bonivento, C., Delvecchio, G., Bellani, M., Perlini, C., Dusi, N., … Brambilla, P. (2017). Longitudinal investigation of the parietal lobe anatomy in bipolar disorder and its association with general functioning. Psychiatry Research, 267, 22–31. doi: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2017.06.010CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fjell, A. M., & Walhovd, K. B. (2010). Structural brain changes in aging: Courses, causes and cognitive consequences. Reviews in the Neurosciences, 21(3), 187–221.10.1515/REVNEURO.2010.21.3.187CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fortin, J.-P., Parker, D., Tunç, B., Watanabe, T., Elliott, M. A., Ruparel, K., … Shinohara, R. T. (2017). Harmonization of multi-site diffusion tensor imaging data. NeuroImage, 161, 149–170. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.08.047CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Giakoumatos, C. I., Nanda, P., Mathew, I. T., Tandon, N., Shah, J., Bishop, J. R., … Keshavan, M. S. (2015). Effects of lithium on cortical thickness and hippocampal subfield volumes in psychotic bipolar disorder. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 61, 180–187. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2014.12.008CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gildengers, A. G., Chung, K.-H., Huang, S.-H., Begley, A., Aizenstein, H. J., & Tsai, S.-Y. (2014). Neuroprogressive effects of lifetime illness duration in older adults with bipolar disorder. Bipolar Disorders, 16(6), 617–623. doi: 10.1111/bdi.12204CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gur, R. C., Turetsky, B. I., Matsui, M., Yan, M., Bilker, W., Hughett, P., & Gur, R. E. (1999). Sex differences in brain gray and white matter in healthy young adults: Correlations with cognitive performance. The Journal of Neuroscience: The Official Journal of the Society for Neuroscience, 19(10), 4065–4072.10.1523/JNEUROSCI.19-10-04065.1999CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hafeman, D. M., Chang, K. D., Garrett, A. S., Sanders, E. M., & Phillips, M. L. (2012). Effects of medication on neuroimaging findings in bipolar disorder: An updated review. Bipolar Disorders, 14(4), 375–410. doi: 10.1111/j.1399-5618.2012.01023.xCrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hajek, T., Bauer, M., Simhandl, C., Rybakowski, J., O'Donovan, C., Pfennig, A., … Alda, M. (2014). Neuroprotective effect of lithium on hippocampal volumes in bipolar disorder independent of long-term treatment response. Psychological Medicine, 44(3), 507–517. doi: 10.1017/S0033291713001165CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hajek, T., & Weiner, M. W. (2016). Neuroprotective effects of lithium in human brain? Food for thought. Current Alzheimer Research, 13(8), 862–872.10.2174/1567205013666160219112712CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hallahan, B., Newell, J., Soares, J. C., Brambilla, P., Strakowski, S. M., Fleck, D. E., … McDonald, C. (2011). Structural magnetic resonance imaging in bipolar disorder: An international collaborative mega-analysis of individual adult patient data. Biological Psychiatry, 69(4), 326–335. doi: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2010.08.029CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hartberg, C. B., Lange, E. H., Lagerberg, T. V., Haukvik, U. K., Andreassen, O. A., Melle, I., & Agartz, I. (2018). Cortical thickness, cortical surface area and subcortical volumes in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder patients with cannabis use. European Neuropsychopharmacology: The Journal of the European College of Neuropsychopharmacology, 28(1), 37–47. doi: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2017.11.019CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hedman, A. M., van Haren, N. E. M., Schnack, H. G., Kahn, R. S., & Hulshoff Pol, H. E. (2012). Human brain changes across the life span: A review of 56 longitudinal magnetic resonance imaging studies. Human Brain Mapping, 33(8), 1987–2002. doi: 10.1002/hbm.21334CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hibar, D. P., Westlye, L. T., Doan, N. T., Jahanshad, N., Cheung, J. W., Ching, C. R. K., … Andreassen, O. A. (2018). Cortical abnormalities in bipolar disorder: An MRI analysis of 6503 individuals from the ENIGMA Bipolar Disorder Working Group. Molecular Psychiatry, 23(4), 932–942. doi: 10.1038/mp.2017.73CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hibar, D. P., Westlye, L. T., van Erp, T. G. M., Rasmussen, J., Leonardo, C. D., Faskowitz, J., … Andreassen, O. A. (2016). Subcortical volumetric abnormalities in bipolar disorder. Molecular Psychiatry, 21(12), 1710–1716. doi: 10.1038/mp.2015.227CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hozer, F., & Houenou, J. (2016). Can neuroimaging disentangle bipolar disorder? Journal of Affective Disorders, 195, 199–214. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2016.01.039CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jenkinson, M., Bannister, P., Brady, M., & Smith, S. (2002). Improved optimization for the robust and accurate linear registration and motion correction of brain images. NeuroImage, 17(2), 825–841.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jernigan, T. L., Butters, N., DiTraglia, G., Schafer, K., Smith, T., Irwin, M., … Cermak, L. S. (1991). Reduced cerebral grey matter observed in alcoholics using magnetic resonance imaging. Alcoholism, Clinical and Experimental Research, 15(3), 418–427.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kempton, M. J., Geddes, J. R., Ettinger, U., Williams, S. C. R., & Grasby, P. M. (2008). Meta-analysis, database, and meta-regression of 98 structural imaging studies in bipolar disorder. Archives of General Psychiatry, 65(9), 1017–1032. doi: 10.1001/archpsyc.65.9.1017CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kozicky, J.-M., McGirr, A., Bond, D. J., Gonzalez, M., Silveira, L. E., Keramatian, K., … Yatham, L. N. (2016). Neuroprogression and episode recurrence in bipolar I disorder: A study of gray matter volume changes in first-episode mania and association with clinical outcome. Bipolar Disorders, 18(6), 511–519. doi: 10.1111/bdi.12437CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lim, K. O., Rosenbloom, M. J., Faustman, W. O., Sullivan, E. V., & Pfefferbaum, A. (1999). Cortical gray matter deficit in patients with bipolar disorder. Schizophrenia Research, 40(3), 219–227.10.1016/S0920-9964(99)00063-8CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
López-Jaramillo, C., Vargas, C., Díaz-Zuluaga, A. M., Palacio, J. D., Castrillón, G., Bearden, C., & Vieta, E. (2017). Increased hippocampal, thalamus and amygdala volume in long-term lithium-treated bipolar I disorder patients compared with unmedicated patients and healthy subjects. Bipolar Disorders, 19(1), 41–49. doi: 10.1111/bdi.12467CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lyoo, I. K., Dager, S. R., Kim, J. E., Yoon, S. J., Friedman, S. D., Dunner, D. L., & Renshaw, P. F. (2010). Lithium-induced gray matter volume increase as a neural correlate of treatment response in bipolar disorder: A longitudinal brain imaging study. Neuropsychopharmacology: Official Publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology, 35(8), 1743–1750. doi: 10.1038/npp.2010.41CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McDonald, C. (2015). Brain structural effects of psychopharmacological treatment in bipolar disorder. Current Neuropharmacology, 13(4), 445–457.10.2174/1570159X13666150403231654CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McDonald, C., Zanelli, J., Rabe-Hesketh, S., Ellison-Wright, I., Sham, P., Kalidindi, S., … Kennedy, N. (2004). Meta-analysis of magnetic resonance imaging brain morphometry studies in bipolar disorder. Biological Psychiatry, 56(6), 411–417. doi: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2004.06.021CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Moore, G. J., Bebchuk, J. M., Wilds, I. B., Chen, G., Manji, H. K., & Menji, H. K. (2000). Lithium-induced increase in human brain grey matter. Lancet, 356(9237), 1241–1242.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Moore, G. J., Cortese, B. M., Glitz, D. A., Zajac-Benitez, C., Quiroz, J. A., Uhde, T. W., … Manji, H. K. (2009). A longitudinal study of the effects of lithium treatment on prefrontal and subgenual prefrontal gray matter volume in treatment-responsive bipolar disorder patients. The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 70(5), 699–705. doi: 10.4088/JCP.07m03745CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pfefferbaum, A., Rohlfing, T., Rosenbloom, M. J., Chu, W., Colrain, I. M., & Sullivan, E. V. (2013). Variation in longitudinal trajectories of regional brain volumes of healthy men and women (ages 10 to 85 years) measured with atlas-based parcellation of MRI. NeuroImage, 65, 176–193. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.10.008CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Phillips, M. L., & Swartz, H. A. (2014). A critical appraisal of neuroimaging studies of bipolar disorder: Toward a new conceptualization of underlying neural circuitry and roadmap for future research. The American journal of psychiatry, 171(8), 829–843. doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2014.13081008CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rej, S., Butters, M. A., Aizenstein, H. J., Begley, A., Tsay, J., Reynolds, C. F., … Gildengers, A. (2014). Neuroimaging and neurocognitive abnormalities associated with bipolar disorder in old age. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 29(4), 421–427. doi: 10.1002/gps.4021CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sani, G., Simonetti, A., Janiri, D., Banaj, N., Ambrosi, E., De Rossi, P., … Spalletta, G. (2018). Association between duration of lithium exposure and hippocampus/amygdala volumes in type I bipolar disorder. Journal of Affective Disorders, 232, 341–348. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2018.02.042CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sarnicola, A., Kempton, M., Germanà, C., Haldane, M., Hadjulis, M., Christodoulou, T., … Frangou, S. (2009). No differential effect of age on brain matter volume and cognition in bipolar patients and healthy individuals. Bipolar Disorders, 11(3), 316–322. doi: 10.1111/j.1399-5618.2009.00670.xCrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sarrazin, S., d'Albis, M.-A., McDonald, C., Linke, J., Wessa, M., Phillips, M., … Houenou, J. (2015). Corpus callosum area in patients with bipolar disorder with and without psychotic features: An international multicentre study. Journal of Psychiatry & Neuroscience: JPN, 40(5), 352–359. doi: 10.1503/jpn.140262CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Schneider, M. R., DelBello, M. P., McNamara, R. K., Strakowski, S. M., & Adler, C. M. (2012). Neuroprogression in bipolar disorder. Bipolar Disorders, 14(4), 356–374. doi: 10.1111/j.1399-5618.2012.01024.xCrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Selvaraj, S., Arnone, D., Job, D., Stanfield, A., Farrow, T. F., Nugent, A. C., … McIntosh, A. M. (2012). Grey matter differences in bipolar disorder: A meta-analysis of voxel-based morphometry studies. Bipolar Disorders, 14(2), 135–145. doi: 10.1111/j.1399-5618.2012.01000.xCrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Shorter, E. (2009). The history of lithium therapy. Bipolar Disorders, 11(02), 4–9. doi: 10.1111/j.1399-5618.2009.00706.xCrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Smith, S. M. (2002). Fast robust automated brain extraction. Human Brain Mapping, 17(3), 143–155. doi: 10.1002/hbm.10062CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Smith, S. M., Jenkinson, M., Woolrich, M. W., Beckmann, C. F., Behrens, T. E. J., Johansen-Berg, H., … Matthews, P. M. (2004). Advances in functional and structural MR image analysis and implementation as FSL. NeuroImage, 23 (Suppl 1), S208–S219. doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2004.07.051CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Smith, S. M., & Nichols, T. E. (2009). Threshold-free cluster enhancement: Addressing problems of smoothing, threshold dependence and localisation in cluster inference. NeuroImage, 44(1), 83–98. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2008.03.061CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Smith, S. M., Zhang, Y., Jenkinson, M., Chen, J., Matthews, P. M., Federico, A., & De Stefano, N. (2002). Accurate, robust, and automated longitudinal and cross-sectional brain change analysis. NeuroImage, 17(1), 479–489.10.1006/nimg.2002.1040CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Storsve, A. B., Fjell, A. M., Tamnes, C. K., Westlye, L. T., Overbye, K., Aasland, H. W., & Walhovd, K. B. (2014). Differential longitudinal changes in cortical thickness, surface area and volume across the adult life span: Regions of accelerating and decelerating change. The Journal of Neuroscience: The Official Journal of the Society for Neuroscience, 34(25), 8488–8498. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0391-14.2014CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sun, Y. R., Herrmann, N., Scott, C. J. M., Black, S. E., Khan, M. M., & Lanctôt, K. L. (2018). Global grey matter volume in adult bipolar patients with and without lithium treatment: A meta-analysis. Journal of Affective Disorders, 225, 599–606. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2017.08.078CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Vernon, A. C., Natesan, S., Crum, W. R., Cooper, J. D., Modo, M., Williams, S. C. R., & Kapur, S. (2012). Contrasting effects of haloperidol and lithium on rodent brain structure: A magnetic resonance imaging study with postmortem confirmation. Biological Psychiatry, 71(10), 855–863. doi: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2011.12.004CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wijeratne, C., Sachdev, S., Wen, W., Piguet, O., Lipnicki, D. M., Malhi, G. S., … Sachdev, P. S. (2013). Hippocampal and amygdala volumes in an older bipolar disorder sample. International Psychogeriatrics, 25(1), 54–60. doi: 10.1017/S1041610212001469CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Winkler, A. M., Kochunov, P., Blangero, J., Almasy, L., Zilles, K., Fox, P. T., & … Glahn, D. C. (2010). Cortical thickness or grey matter volume? The importance of selecting the phenotype for imaging genetics studies. NeuroImage, 53(3), 1135–1146. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.12.028CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Winkler, A. M., Ridgway, G. R., Webster, M. A., Smith, S. M., & Nichols, T. E. (2014). Permutation inference for the general linear model. NeuroImage, 92, 381–397. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2014.01.060CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wise, T., Radua, J., Via, E., Cardoner, N., Abe, O., Adams, T. M., … Arnone, D. (2017). Common and distinct patterns of grey-matter volume alteration in major depression and bipolar disorder: Evidence from voxel-based meta-analysis. Molecular Psychiatry, 22(10), 1455–1463. doi: 10.1038/mp.2016.72CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Yatham, L. N., Kennedy, S. H., Parikh, S. V., Schaffer, A., Beaulieu, S., Alda, M., … Berk, M. (2013). Canadian Network for Mood and Anxiety Treatments (CANMAT) and International Society for Bipolar Disorders (ISBD) collaborative update of CANMAT guidelines for the management of patients with bipolar disorder: Update 2013. Bipolar Disorders, 15(1), 1–44. doi: 10.1111/bdi.12025CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhang, Y., Brady, M., & Smith, S. (2001). Segmentation of brain MR images through a hidden Markov random field model and the expectation-maximization algorithm. IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging, 20(1), 45–57. doi: 10.1109/42.906424CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Supplementary material: File

Hozer et al. Supplementary Materials

Hozer et al. Supplementary Materials

Download Hozer et al. Supplementary Materials(File)
File 494.4 KB