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The effects of conjugated linoleic acid supplementation on anthropometrics and body composition indices in adults: a systematic review and dose–response meta-analysis

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 September 2023

Omid Asbaghi Open the ORCID record for Omid Asbaghi [Opens in a new window] ,
Ghazaleh Shimi Open the ORCID record for Ghazaleh Shimi [Opens in a new window] ,
Fatemeh Hosseini Oskouie ,
Kaveh Naseri ,
Reza Bagheri Open the ORCID record for Reza Bagheri [Opens in a new window] ,
Damoon Ashtary-Larky ,
Michael Nordvall ,
Samira Rastgoo ,
Mohammad Zamani  and
Alexei Wong Open the ORCID record for Alexei Wong [Opens in a new window]
Omid Asbaghi
Affiliation:
Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Student Research Committee, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Ghazaleh Shimi
Affiliation:
Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition Science and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Fatemeh Hosseini Oskouie
Affiliation:
Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Kaveh Naseri
Affiliation:
School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
Reza Bagheri
Affiliation:
Department of Exercise Physiology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
Damoon Ashtary-Larky
Affiliation:
Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
Michael Nordvall
Affiliation:
Department of Health and Human Performance, Marymount University, Arlington, VA, USA
Samira Rastgoo
Affiliation:
Student Research Committee, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition Science and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Mohammad Zamani*
Affiliation:
Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Alexei Wong
Affiliation:
Department of Health and Human Performance, Marymount University, Arlington, VA, USA
*
*Corresponding author: Dr M. Zamani, email md_zamany@yahoo.com
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Abstract

Prior meta-analytic investigations over a decade ago rather inconclusively indicated that conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) supplementation could improve anthropometric and body composition indices in the general adult population. More recent investigations have emerged, and an up-to-date systematic review and meta-analysis on this topic must be improved. Therefore, this investigation provides a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCT) on the impact of CLA supplementation on anthropometric and body composition (body mass (BM), BMI, waist circumference (WC), fat mass (FM), body fat percentage (BFP) and fat-free mass (FFM)) markers in adults. Online databases search, including PubMed, Scopus, the Cochrane Library and Web of Science up to March 2022, were utilised to retrieve RCT examining the effect of CLA supplementation on anthropometric and body composition markers in adults. Meta-analysis was carried out using a random-effects model. The I2 index was used as an index of statistical heterogeneity of RCT. Among the initial 8351 studies identified from electronic databases search, seventy RCT with ninety-six effect sizes involving 4159 participants were included for data analyses. The results of random-effects modelling demonstrated that CLA supplementation significantly reduced BM (weighted mean difference (WMD): −0·35, 95 % CI (−0·54, −0·15), P < 0·001), BMI (WMD: −0·15, 95 % CI (−0·24, −0·06), P = 0·001), WC (WMD: −0·62, 95% CI (−1·04, −0·20), P = 0·004), FM (WMD: −0·44, 95 % CI (−0·66, −0·23), P < 0·001), BFP (WMD: −0·77 %, 95 % CI (−1·09, −0·45), P < 0·001) and increased FFM (WMD: 0·27, 95 % CI (0·09, 0·45), P = 0·003). The high-quality subgroup showed that CLA supplementation fails to change FM and BFP. However, according to high-quality studies, CLA intake resulted in small but significant increases in FFM and decreases in BM and BMI. This meta-analysis study suggests that CLA supplementation may result in a small but significant improvement in anthropometric and body composition markers in an adult population. However, data from high-quality studies failed to show CLA’s body fat-lowering properties. Moreover, it should be noted that the weight-loss properties of CLA were small and may not reach clinical importance.

Keywords

Conjugated linoleic acidAnthropometricsBody composition indicesSystematic reviewMeta-analysis
Type
Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Information
British Journal of Nutrition , Volume 131 , Issue 3 , 14 February 2024 , pp. 406 - 428
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Copyright
© The Author(s), 2023. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of The Nutrition Society

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