Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-t5pn6 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-17T01:36:37.829Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Reactive control of isolated unsteady streaks in a laminar boundary layer

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  21 April 2016

Kyle M. Bade ,
Ronald E. Hanson ,
Brandt A. Belson ,
Ahmed M. Naguib ,
Philippe Lavoie  and
Clarence W. Rowley
Kyle M. Bade
Affiliation:
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48823, USA
Ronald E. Hanson
Affiliation:
Institute for Aerospace Studies, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M3H 5T6, Canada
Brandt A. Belson
Affiliation:
Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
Ahmed M. Naguib*
Affiliation:
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48823, USA
Philippe Lavoie
Affiliation:
Institute for Aerospace Studies, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M3H 5T6, Canada
Clarence W. Rowley
Affiliation:
Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
*
†Email address for correspondence: naguib@egr.msu.edu
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

This study is motivated by controlling transient growth and subsequent bypass transition of the laminar boundary layer to turbulence. In experiments employing a model problem, an active roughness element is used to introduce steady/unsteady streak disturbances in a Blasius boundary layer. This tractable arrangement enables a systematic investigation of the evolution of the disturbances and of potential methods to control them in real time. The control strategy utilizes wall-shear-stress sensors, upstream and downstream of a plasma actuator, as inputs to a model-based controller. The controller is designed using empirical input/output data to determine the parameters of simple models, approximating the boundary layer dynamics. The models are used to tune feedforward and feedback controllers. The control effect is examined over a range of roughness-element heights, free stream velocities, feedback sensor positions, unsteady disturbance frequencies and control strategies; and is found to nearly completely cancel the steady-state disturbance at the downstream sensor location. The control of unsteady disturbances exhibits a limited bandwidth of less than 1.3 Hz. However, concurrent modelling demonstrates that substantially higher bandwidth is achievable by improving the feedforward controller and/or optimizing the feedback sensor location. Moreover, the model analysis shows that the difference in the convective time delay of the roughness- and actuator-induced disturbances over the control domain must be known with high accuracy for effective feedforward control. This poses a limitation for control effectiveness in a stochastic environment, such as in bypass transition beneath a turbulent free stream; nonetheless, feedback can remedy some of this limitation.

JFM classification

Boundary Layers: Boundary layer control Flow Control: Flow Control Flow Control: Instability control
Type
Papers
Information
Journal of Fluid Mechanics , Volume 795 , 25 May 2016 , pp. 808 - 846
Check for updates
Copyright
© 2016 Cambridge University Press 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Andersson, P., Brandt, L., Bottaro, A. & Henningson, D. 2001 On the breakdown of boundary layer streaks. J. Fluid Mech. 455, 289–314.Google Scholar
Asai, M., Minagawa, M. & Nishioka, M. 2002 The instability and breakdown of a near-wall low-speed streak. J. Fluid Mech. 455, 289–314.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Astrom, K. J. & Murray, R. M. 2010 Feedback Systems, chap. 10.4, pp. 306–308. Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Bade, K. M.2014 On the physics and control of streaks induced by an isolated roughness element. PhD thesis, Michigan State University.Google Scholar
Benard, N. & Moreau, E. 2014 Electric and mechanical characteristics of surface AC dielectric barrier discharge plasma actuators applied to airflow control. Exp. Fluids 55, 1–43.Google Scholar
Cattafesta, L. N. & Sheplak, M. 2011 Actuators for active flow control. Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech. 43, 247–272.Google Scholar
Corke, T. C., Post, M. L. & Orlov, D. M. 2009 Single dielectric barrier discharge plasma enhanced aerodynamics: physics, modeling and applications. Exp. Fluids 46, 1–26.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Durbin, P. & Wu, X. 2007 Transition beneath vortical disturbances. Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech. 39, 107–128.Google Scholar
Hanson, R. E., Bade, K. M., Belson, B. A., Naguib, A. M., Lavoie, P. & Rowley, C. W. 2014 Feedback control of slowly-varying transient growth by an array of plasma actuators. Phys. Fluids 26 (2), 024102.Google Scholar
Hanson, R. E., Lavoie, P., Bade, K. M. & Naguib, A. M.2012 Steady-state closed-loop control of bypass boundary layer transition using plasma actuators. AIAA Paper 2012-1140.Google Scholar
Hanson, R. E., Lavoie, P., Naguib, A. M. & Morrison, J. 2010 Transient growth instability cancellation by a plasma actuator array. Exp. Fluids 49, 1339–1348.Google Scholar
Jacobson, S. A. & Reynolds, W. C. 1998 Active control of streamwise vorticies and streaks in boundary layers. J. Fluid Mech. 360, 179–211.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jukes, T. N. & Choi, K.-S. 2012 Dielectric-barrier-discharge vortex generators: characterisation and optimisation for flow separation control. Exp. Fluids 52, 329–345.Google Scholar
Jukes, T. N. & Choi, K.-S. 2013 On the formation of streamwise vortices by plasma vortex generators. J. Fluid Mech. 733, 370–393.Google Scholar
Landhal, M. T. 1980 A note on an algebraic instability of inviscid parallel shear flows. J. Fluid Mech. 98, 243–251.Google Scholar
Lemonis, G. & Dracos, T. 1995 A new calibration and data reduction method for turbulence measurement by multihotwire probes. Exp. Fluids 18, 319–328.Google Scholar
Lundell, F. 2007 Reactive control of transition induced by free-stream turbulence: an experimental demonstration. J. Fluid Mech. 585, 1–41.Google Scholar
Lundell, F., Monokrouses, A. & Brandt, L.2009 Feedback control of boundary layer bypass transition: experimental and numerical progress. AIAA Paper 2009-612.Google Scholar
Matsubara, M. & Alfredsson, P. H. 2001 Disturbance growth in boundary layers subjected to free-stream turbulence. J. Fluid Mech. 430, 149–168.Google Scholar
Naguib, A. M., Marrison, J. F. & Zaki, T. A. 2010 On the relationship between the wall-shear-stress and transient-growth disturbances in a laminar boundary layer. Phys. Fluids 22 (5), 1–13.Google Scholar
Nolan, K. P. & Zaki, T. A. 2013 Conditional sampling of transitional boundary layers in pressure gradients. J. Fluid Mech. 728, 306–339.Google Scholar
Osmokrovic, L. P., Hanson, R. E. & Lavoie, P. 2015 Laminar boundary-layer response to spanwise periodic forcing by dielectric-barrier-discharge plasma-actuator arrays. AIAA J. 53 (3), 1–12.Google Scholar
Pattenden, R. J., Turnock, S. R. & Zhang, X. 2005 Measurements of the flow over a low-aspect-ratio cylinder mounted on a ground plane. Exp. Fluids 39, 10–21.Google Scholar
Reshotko, E. 2001 Transient growth: a factor in bypass transition. Phys. Fluids 13 (5), 1067–1075.Google Scholar
Rizzetta, D. P. & Visbal, M. R. 2007 Direct numerical simulations of flow past an array of distributed roughness elements. AIAA J. 45 (8), 1967–1976.Google Scholar
Saric, W. S. 2007 Boundary-layer stability and transition. In Springer Handbook of Experimental Fluid Mechanics (ed. Tropea, C., Yarin, A. L. & Foss, J. F.), pp. 886–896. Springer.Google Scholar
Skogestad, S. 2004 Simple analytic rules for model reduction and PID controller tuning. Model. Ident. Control 25 (2), 85–120.Google Scholar
Vaughan, N. J. & Zaki, T. A. 2011 Stability of zero-pressure-gradient boundary layer distorted by unsteady Klebanoff streaks. J. Fluid Mech. 681, 116–153.Google Scholar
Visbal, M. R. 1991 The laminar horseshoe vortex system formed at a cylinder/plate juncture. In 22nd AIAA Fluid Dynamics, Plasma and Lasers Conference, Honolulu, HI, June 1–16.Google Scholar
White, E. B. 2002 Transient growth of stationary disturbances in a flat plate boundary layer. Phys. Fluids 14 (12), 4429–4439.Google Scholar
Zaki, T. A. 2013 From streaks to spots and in to turbulence: exploring the dynamics of boundary layer transition. Flow Turbul. Combust. 91 (3), 451–473.Google Scholar
Zaki, T. A. & Durbin, P. A. 2005 Mode interaction and the bypass route to transition. J. Fluid Mech. 531, 85–111.Google Scholar