Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-m8qmq Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-24T23:57:57.626Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

NEITHER DOPES NOR DUPES: MAYA FARMERS AND IDEOLOGY

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  03 June 2016

Cynthia Robin*
Affiliation:
Department of Anthropology, Northwestern University, 1810 Hinman Avenue, Evanston, Illinois 60208–1310
*
E-mail Correspondence to: c-robin@northwestern.edu

Abstract

Drawing inspiration from the work and legacy of Elizabeth Brumfiel, I develop a case study about the lives and religious practices of Maya farmers at the Chan site in Belize, to demonstrate how farmers were neither the dopes, dupes, nor mystified masses of Maya state level ideologies. I use this case study to rethink anthropological theories that attempt to explain the role of state level ideologies in the production of inequality and power, particularly ideas about ideology and false consciousness that are often bundled together and referred to as the ‘dominant ideology thesis.’

Type
Special Section: Breaking and Entering The Ecosystem—Remembering Elizabeth M. Brumfiel
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2016 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Abercrombie, Nicholas, Hill, Stephen, and Turner, Bryan S. 1980 The Dominant Ideology Thesis. Allen, G. & Unwin, London.Google Scholar
Aimers, James J. 1993 An Hermeneutic Analysis of the Maya E-Group Complex. Master's thesis, Department of Anthropology, Trent University, Peterborough.Google Scholar
Aimers, James J., and Rice, Prudence M. 2006 Astronomy, Ritual, and the Interpretation of Maya “E-Group” Architectural Assemblages. Ancient Mesoamerica 17:7996.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Althusser, Louis 1971 Lenin and Philosophy and Other Essays. Monthly Review Press, New York.Google Scholar
Ashmore, Wendy 1991 Site-Planning Principles and Concepts of Directionality among the Ancient Maya. Latin American Antiquity 2:199226.Google Scholar
Ashmore, Wendy, and Sabloff, Jeremy A. 2002 Spatial Orders in Maya Civic Plans. Latin American Antiquity 13:201215.Google Scholar
Aveni, Anthony F., and Hartung, H. 1989 Uaxactun, Guatemala, Group E, and Similar Assemblages: An Archaeoastronomical Reconsideration. In World Archaeoastronomy, edited by Aveni, Anthony F., pp. 441–61. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.Google Scholar
Blackmore, Chelsea 2003 Operation 1, C-001. In The Chan Project: 2003 Season, edited by Robin, Cynthia, pp. 3651. Report submitted to the Belize Institute of Archaeology, Belmopan.Google Scholar
Blackmore, Chelsea 2011 Ritual Among the Masses: Deconstructing Identity and Class in an Ancient Maya Neighborhood. Latin American Antiquity 22:159177.Google Scholar
Blackmore, Chelsea 2012 Recognizing Difference in Small Scale Settings: An Examination of Social Identity Formation at the Northeast Group, Chan. In Chan: An Ancient Maya Farming Community, edited by Robin, Cynthia, pp. 173191. University Press of Florida, Gainesville.Google Scholar
Brown, Linda 2000 From Discard to Divination: Demarcating the Sacred through the Collection and Curation of Discarded Objects. Latin American Antiquity 11:319333.Google Scholar
Brown, Linda 2005 Planting the Bones: Hunting Ceremonialism at Contemporary and Nineteenth-Century Shrines in the Guatemala Highlands. Latin American Antiquity 16:131146.Google Scholar
Brumfiel, Elizabeth M. 1991 Weaving and Cooking: Women's Production in Aztec Mexico. In Engendering Archaeology: Women in Prehistory, edited by Gero, Joan M. and Conkey, Margaret W., pp. 224251. Blackwell, OxfordGoogle Scholar
Brumfiel, Elizabeth M. 1992 Distinguished Lecture in Archaeology: Breaking and Entering the Ecosystem – Gender, Class, and Faction Steal the Show. American Anthropologist 94:551567.Google Scholar
Brumfiel, Elizabeth M. 1996a The Quality of Tribute Cloth: The Place of Evidence in Archaeological Argument. American Antiquity 61:453462.Google Scholar
Brumfiel, Elizabeth M. 1996b Figurines and the Aztec State: Testing the Effectiveness of Ideological Domination. In Gender in Archaeology: Essays in Research and Practice, edited by Wright, Rita P., pp. 143–66. University of Pennsylvania Press, Philadelphia.Google Scholar
Brumfiel, Elizabeth M. 2001 Aztec Hearts and Minds: Religion and the State in the Aztec Empire. In Empires: Perspectives from Archaeology and History, edited by Alcock, Susan E., D'Altroy, Terrance N., Morrison, Kathleen D.,Sinopoli, Carla M., pp. 283310. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.Google Scholar
Brumfiel, Elizabeth M. 2006a Methods in Feminist and Gender Archaeology: A Feeling for Difference – and Likeness. In Handbook of Gender in Archaeology, edited by Nelson, Sarah M., pp. 3158. AltaMira Press, Oxford.Google Scholar
Brumfiel, Elizabeth M. 2006b Cloth, Gender, Continuity, and Change: Fabricating Unity in Anthropology. American Anthropologist 108:862877.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cap, Bernadette 2012 “Empty” Spaces and Public Places: A Microscopic View of Chan's West Plaza. In Chan: An Ancient Maya Farming Community, edited by Robin, Cynthia, pp. 150172. University Press of Florida, Gainesville.Google Scholar
Chase, Arlen F., and Chase, Diane Z. 1995 External Impetus, Internal Synthesis, and Standardization: E Group Assemblages and the Crystallization of Classic Maya Society in the Southern Lowlands. In The Emergence of Lowland Maya Civilization: The Transition from the Preclassic to the Early Classic, edited by Grube, Nicholas, pp. 87102. Anton Sauerwein, Mockmuhl, Germany.Google Scholar
Chase, Diane 1988 Caches and Censerwares: Meaning from Maya Pottery. In A Pot for All Reasons: Ceramic Ecology Revisited, edited by Lackey, Luanna and Kolb, Charles, pp. 81104. Laboratory of Anthropology, Temple University, Philadelphia.Google Scholar
Cohodas, Marvin 1980 Radial Pyramids and Radial-Associated Assemblages of the Central Maya Area. Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 39:208–23.Google Scholar
Freidel, David A., Schele, Linda, and Parker, Joy 1993 Maya Cosmos: Three Thousand Years on the Shaman's Path. William Morrow, New York.Google Scholar
Gonlin, Nancy, and Lohse, Jon C. 2007 Commoner Ritual and Ideology in Ancient Mesoamerica. University Press of Colorado, Boulder.Google Scholar
Gramsci, Antonio 1971 Selections from the Prison Notebooks of Antonio Gramsci. International Publishers, New York.Google Scholar
Hanks, William F. 1990 Referential Practice: Language and Lived Space among the Maya. University of Chicago Press, Chicago.Google Scholar
Hansen, Richard 1998 Continuity and Disjunction: The Pre-Classic Antecedents of Classic Maya Architecture. In Function and Meaning in Classic Maya Architecture, edited by Houston, Stephen D., pp. 49122. Dumbarton Oaks, Washington DC.Google Scholar
Hearth, Nicholas F. 2012 Organization of Chert Tool Economy during the Late and Terminal Classic Periods at Chan: Preliminary Thoughts Based upon Debitage Analysis. In Chan: An Ancient Maya Farming Community, edited by Robin, Cynthia, pp. 192206. University Press of Florida, Gainesville.Google Scholar
Houston, Stephen D. 2009 A Splendid Predicament: Young Men in Classic Maya Society. Cambridge Archaeological Journal 19:149178.Google Scholar
Huston, Scott 2002 Built Space and Bad Subjects: Domination and Resistance at Monte Alban, Oaxaca, Mexico. Journal of Social Archaeology 2:5380.Google Scholar
Joyce, Arthur A., Bustamante, Laura A., and Levine, Marc N. 2001 Commoner Power: A Case Study from the Classic Period Collapse on the Oaxaca Coast. Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory 8:343385.Google Scholar
Joyce, Arthur A., and Weller, Errin T. 2007 Commoner Rituals, Resistance, and the Classic-to-Postclassic Transition in Ancient Mesoamerica. In Commoner Ritual and Ideology in Ancient Mesoamerica, edited by Gonlin, Nancy and Lohse, Jon C., pp. 143184. University of Colorado Press, Boulder.Google Scholar
Keller, Angela 2008 Jade and other Stone Artifacts from the Chan Site. Database in the possession of the author.Google Scholar
Keller, Angela 2012 Creating Community with Shell. In Chan: An Ancient Maya Farming Community, edited by Robin, Cynthia, pp. 253270. University Press of Florida, Gainesville.Google Scholar
Kestle, Caleb 2012 Limestone Quarrying and Household Organization at Chan. In Chan: An Ancient Maya Farming Community, edited by Robin, Cynthia, pp. 207230. University Press of Florida, Gainesville.Google Scholar
Kosakowsky, Laura J. 2012 Ceramics and Chronology at Chan. In Chan: An Ancient Maya Farming Community, edited by Robin, Cynthia, pp. 4270. University Press of Florida, Gainesville.Google Scholar
Kosakowsky, Laura J., Novotny, Anna C., Keller, Angela H., Hearth, Nicholas F., and Ting, Carmen 2012 Contextualizing Ritual Behavior: Caches, Burials, and Problematical Deposits from Chan's Community Center. In Chan: An Ancient Maya Farming Community, edited by Robin, Cynthia, pp. 289310. University Press of Florida, Gainesville.Google Scholar
Kosakowsky, Laura J., and Robin, Cynthia 2010 Contextualizing Ritual Behavior at the Chan Site: Pottery Vessels and Ceramic Artifacts from Burials, Caches, and Problematical Deposits. Research Reports in Belizean Archaeology 7:4554.Google Scholar
Laporte, Juan P., and Fialko, Vilma 1990 New Perspectives on Old Problems: Dynastic References for the Early Classic at Tikal. In Vision and Revision in Maya Studies, edited by Clancy, Flora and Harrison, Peter D., pp. 3366. University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque.Google Scholar
Lohse, Jon C. 2007 Commoner Ritual, Commoner Ideology: (Sub)-Alternate Views of Social Complexity in Prehispanic Mesoamerica. In Commoner Ritual and Ideology in Ancient Mesoamerica, edited by Gonlin, Nancy and Lohse, Jon C., pp. 132. University Press of Colorado, Boulder.Google Scholar
Lucero, Lisa J. 2003 The Politics of Ritual: The Emergence of Classic Maya Rulers. Current Anthropology 44:523558.Google Scholar
Lucero, Lisa J. 2010 Materialized cosmology among ancient Maya commoners. Journal of Social Archaeology 10:138167.Google Scholar
Marx, Karl, and Engels, Friedrich 1970[1932] The German Ideology. International Publishers, New York.Google Scholar
McAnany, Patricia A. 2004 Kaxob: Ritual, Work, and Family in An Ancient Maya Village. Cotsen Institute of Archaeology, Los Angeles.Google Scholar
Meierhoff, James, Golitko, Mark, and Morris, James D. 2012 Obsidian Acquisition, Trade, and Regional Interaction at Chan. In Chan: An Ancient Maya Farming Community, edited by Robin, Cynthia, pp. 271288. University Press of Florida, Gainesville.Google Scholar
Novotny, Anna C. 2012 The Chan Community: A Bioarchaeological Perspective. In Chan: An Ancient Maya Farming Community, edited by Robin, Cynthia, pp. 231252. University Press of Florida, Gainesville.Google Scholar
Ricketson, Oliver G. Jr. 1928 Astronomical Observatories in the Maya Area. Geographical Review 215–25.Google Scholar
Robin, Cynthia 2002 Outside of Houses: the Practices of Everyday Life at Chan Nòohol, Belize. Journal of Social Archaeology 2:245268.Google Scholar
Robin, Cynthia 2012 Chan: an Ancient Maya Farming Community. University Press of Florida, Gainesville.Google Scholar
Robin, Cynthia 2013 Everyday Life Matters: Maya Farmers at Chan. University Press of Florida, Gainesville.Google Scholar
2016 Ordinary People and East-West Symbolism. In Early Maya E Groups, Solar Calendars, and the Role of Astronomy in the Rise of Lowland Maya Urbanism, edited by Freidel, David, Chase, Arlen, Dowd, Anne, and Murdock, Jerry. University Press of Florida, Gainesville. In press.Google Scholar
Robin, Cynthia, Wyatt, Andrew R., Kosakowsky, Laura J., Juarez, Santiago, Kalosky, Ethan, and Enterkin, Elise 2012b A Changing Cultural Landscape: Settlement Survey and GIS at Chan. In Chan: An Ancient Maya Farming Community, edited by Robin, Cynthia, pp. 1941. University Press of Florida, Gainesville.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Robin, Cynthia, and Novotny, Anna C. 2013 Embodiment, Emotion, and Youthful Death at Chan. In Genero y Arqueologia en Mesoamerica. Homenaje a Rosemary A. Joyce, edited by Rodríguez-Shadow, María J. and Kellogg, Susan, pp. 7188. Centro de Estudios de Antropología de la Mujer, Mexico City.Google Scholar
Robin, Cynthia, and Brumfiel, Elizabeth M. 2008 Gender, Households, and Society: Unraveling the Threads of the Past and the Present. Archaeological Papers of the American Anthropological Association, No. 18. Blackwell, Oxford.Google Scholar
Robin, Cynthia, Meierhoff, James, Kestle, Caleb, Blackmore, Chelsea, Kosakowsky, Laura J., and Novotny, Anna C. 2012a Ritual in a Farming Community. In Chan: An Ancient Maya Farming Community, edited by Robin, Cynthia, pp. 113132. University Press of Florida, Gainesville.Google Scholar
Schele, Linda, and Freidel, David A. 1992 A Forest of Kings: The Untold Story of the Ancient Maya. Quill/W. Morrow, New York.Google Scholar
Scott, James C. 1985 Weapons of the Weak: Everyday Forms of Peasant Resistance. Yale University Press, New Haven.Google Scholar
Thompson, John Eric Sidney 1970 Maya History and Religion. University of Oklahoma Press, Norman.Google Scholar
Vogt, Evon Z. 1976 Tortillas for the Gods: A Symbolic Analysis of Zinacanteco Rituals. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.Google Scholar
Walker, William H., and Lucero, Lisa J. 2000 The Depositional History of Ritual Power. In Agency in Archaeology, edited by Dobres, Marcia-Anne and Robb, John, pp. 130147. Routledge, London.Google Scholar
Wyatt, Andrew R. 2008 Pine As An Element of Household Refuse In The Fertilization of Ancient Maya Agricultural Fields. Journal of Ethnobiology 28:244258.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wyatt, Andrew R. 2012 Agricultural Practices at Chan: Farming and Political Economy in an Ancient Maya Community. In Chan: An Ancient Maya Farming Community, edited by Robin, Cynthia, pp. 7188. University Press of Florida, Gainesville.Google Scholar