Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-qsmjn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-15T20:11:23.775Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Cultural Property Internationalism

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  24 May 2005

John Henry Merryman
John Henry Merryman
Affiliation:
Stanford Law School. Email: Merry@law.stanford.edu
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Cultural property internationalism is shorthand for the proposition that everyone has an interest in the preservation and enjoyment of cultural property, wherever it is situated, from whatever cultural or geographic source it derives. This article describes its historical development and its expression in the international law of war, in the work of UNESCO, and in the international trade in cultural objects and assesses the ways in which cultural-property world actors support or resist the implications of cultural property internationalism.

Type
Research Article
Information
International Journal of Cultural Property , Volume 12 , Issue 1 , February 2005 , pp. 11 - 39
Copyright
© 2005 International Cultural Property Society

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Best, Geoffrey Francis Andrew. Humanity in Warfare. New York: Columbia University Press, 1980.
Biondi, Andrea. “The Merchant, the Thief & the Citizen: The Circulation of Works of Art Within the European Union.” Common Market Law Review 34 (1997): 1173–1195Google Scholar
Byrne-Sutton, Quentin. Le Trafic International des Biens Culturels Sous l'Angle de Leur Revendication par l'Etat d'Origine: Aspects de Droit International Privé. Zurich: Schulthess, 1988.
Chippindale, Christopher, and David W. J. Gill. “Material Consequences of Contemporary Classical Collecting.” American Journal of Archaeology 104 (2000): 463–511.Google Scholar
Coquillette, Daniel R. The Civilian Writers of Doctors' Commons, London: Three Centuries of Juristic Innovation in Comparative, Commercial and International Law. Berlin: Duncker & Humblot, 1988.
Desch, Thomas. “The Second Protocol to the 1954 Hague Convention for the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict.” Yearbook of International Humanitarian Law 2 (1999): 63–90.Google Scholar
de Vattel, Emer de. The Law of Nations; or, Principles of the Law of Nature, Applied to the Conduct and Affairs of Nations and Sovereigns, edited by Joseph Chitty. Philadelphia: T. & J. W. Johnson, 1852.
de Visscher, Charles. International Protection of Works of Art and Historic Monuments. International Information and Cultural Series 8. Washington: U.S. Department of State, 1949. (Reprinted from Documents and State Papers of June 1949).
Friedman, Leon. The Law of War: A Documentary History. New York: Random House, 1972.
Gould, Cecil Hilton Monk. Trophy of Conquest; The Musée Napoléon and the Creation of the Louvre. London: Faber and Faber, 1965.
Grotius, Hugo, 1583–1645. The Rights of War and Peace; Together with the Law of Nature and of Nations, translated by A. C. Campbell. New York: M. Walter Dunne, 1901.
Halleck, Henry Wager. International Law: Or, Rules Regulating the Intercourse of States in Peace and War. San Francisco: H.H. Bancroft, 1861; Holmes Beach, Fl.: Gaunt, 2000.
Hartigan, Richard Shelly, ed. Lieber's Code and the Law of War. Chicago: Precedent, 1983.
Henckaerts, Jean-Marie. “New Rules for the Protection of Cultural Property in Armed Conflict.” International Review of the Red Cross 835 (1999): 593–620.Google Scholar
Institute of International Law, Resolutions of the Institute of International Law Dealing with the Law of Nations, edited by James Brown Scott. New York: Oxford University Press, 1916.
League of Nations. Interamerican Treaty on the Protection of Artistic and Scientific Institutions and Monuments [the Roerich Pact]. League of Nations Treaty Series 167 (1935): 279. <http://fletcher.tufts.edu/multi/www/roerich.html> (Last visited 8/13/04)
Merryman, John Henry. “Two Ways of Thinking About Cultural Property.” American Journal of International Law 80 (1986): 831–53. Reprinted in Merryman, Thinking About the Elgin Marbles, 67–91.Google Scholar
Merryman, John Henry. “The Retention of Cultural Property.” University of California at Davis Law Review 21 (1988): 477–513. Reprinted in Critical Essays, 122–156.Google Scholar
Merryman, John Henry. “The Nation and the Object.” International Journal of Cultural Property 3 (1994): 61–76. Reprinted in Critical Essays, 158–73.Google Scholar
Merryman, John Henry. “Archaeologists Are Not Helping.” The Art Newspaper, January 1996. Reprinted in Critical Essays, 28–83.
Merryman, John Henry. “A Licit International Trade in Cultural Objects.” International Journal of Cultural Property 4 (1995): 13–60. Reprinted in Critical Essays, 176–226.Google Scholar
Merryman, John Henry. “Note on The Marquis de Somerueles.” International Journal of Cultural Property 5 (1996): 321–29.Google Scholar
Merryman, John Henry. Thinking About the Elgin Marbles: Critical Essays on Cultural Property, Art and Law. London, Dordrecht & Cambridge, Mass.: Kluwer Law International, 2000.
Merryman, John Henry. “Cultural Property, International Trade, and Human Rights.” Cardozo Arts & Entertainment Law Journal 19 (2001): 51–67. Republished as Occasional Papers in Intellectual Property from Benjamin N. Cardozo School of Law, No. 9.Google Scholar
Merryman, John Henry, and Albert E. Elsen. Law, Ethics and the Visual Arts. Fourth Edition. London, The Hague, New York: Kluwer Law International, 2002.
Merryman, John Henry. “A Licit International Trade in Cultural Objects.” In TEFAF (The European Fine Arts Foundation), Art Market Matters, 13–36. Helvoirt, Netherlands: TEFAF, 2004.
Nahlik, Stanislaw E. “La Protection internationale des biens culturels en cas de conflit armé.” Recueil des Cours 120, I (1967): 61–163.Google Scholar
Pescatore, Pierre. “Le Commerce de l'art et le Marché Commun.” Revue trimestrielle de droit Européenne 21 (1985): 451–62.Google Scholar
Polybius. The Histories. Translated by W. R. Paton. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press; London: Heinemann, 1960.
Quatremère de Quincy, Antoine-Chrysostome. Lettres au général Miranda sur le déplacement des monuments de l'art de l'Italie, reproduced with an introduction and notes by Édouard Pommier. Paris: Macula, 1989.
Squibb, George Drewery. Doctors' Commons: A History of the College of Advocates and Doctors of Law. Oxford and New York: Clarendon Press, 1977.
Stewart, James. Reports of cases argued and determined in the Court of Vice-admiralty at Halifax, in Nova Scotia. London: J. Butterworth, 1813.
Thompson, Michael. Rubbish Theory: The Creation and Destruction of Value. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, 1979.
Toman, Jiri. The Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict. Aldershot: Dartmouth Publishing Co.; Paris: UNESCO, 1996.
Treue, Wilhelm. Art Plunder; the Fate of Works of Art in War, Revolution and Peace, translated by Basil Creighton. London: Methuen, 1960.
UNIDROIT. Convention on Stolen or Illegally Exported Cultural Objects of 24 June 1995. http://www.unidroit.org/english/conventions/c-cult.htm (accessed 18 August 2004).
United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization. Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and National Heritage of 16 November 1972. In UNESCO, Conventions and Recommendations, 75.
United Nations Educational, Scientific. Conventions and Recommendations of UNESCO Concerning the Protection of the Cultural Heritage. Paris: UNESCO, 1983. Reprinted and updated in 1985.
U.S. Department of State. Draft Declaration and Draft International Convention for the Protection of Monuments and Works of Art in Time of War. Documents and State Papers 1 (1949 [1939]): 859.
Wheaton, Henry. Elements of International Law, edited by Richard Henry Dana, 8th ed. Boston: Little, Brown, 1866.