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Economic Sanctions in the International System

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 March 2016

R. ST. J. MacDonald
R. ST. J. MacDonald*
Affiliation:
University of Toronto
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Extract

Our special area is international law and organization and our particular concern is the process by which international public policy is enforced by international political organizations, especially through the media of economic modalities.

It is a commonplace that much of the analytical philosophy of law of the last one hundred years controls and conditions, consciously or unconsciously, the thinking and, perhaps, the practice of law and modern affairs. This fact is of special importance to international lawyers because the analytical approach to law contains a bias in favour of domestic or national law. This is understandable, for legal philosophy was first propounded to explain domestic phenomena.

Type
Articles
Information
Canadian Yearbook of International Law/Annuaire canadien de droit international , Volume 7 , 1969 , pp. 61 - 91
Copyright
Copyright © The Canadian Council on International Law / Conseil Canadien de Droit International, representing the Board of Editors, Canadian Yearbook of International Law / Comité de Rédaction, Annuaire Canadien de Droit International 1969

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References

1 The literature has been reviewed by Taubenfeld, R. F. and Tauben-feld, H. J., “The Economic Weapon: The League and the United Nations,” 58 Am. Soc. Int’l L., Proc., 183–206 (1964)Google Scholar; Austin, D., “Sanctions and Rhodesia,” 22 The World Today 106 (1966)Google Scholar; Hoffman, F., “The Functions of Economic Sanctions: A Comparative Analysis,” Journal of Peace Research 140 (1967)CrossRefGoogle Scholar; Macdonald, R. St. J., “The Resort of Economic Coercion by International Political Organizations,” 17 U. of T.L.J. 86–170 (1967)CrossRefGoogle Scholar; Galtung, Johan, “On the Effects of International Economic Sanctions, with Examples from the Case of Rhodesia,” 19 World Politics 378–417 (1967)CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

2 The approach that is taken here is in keeping with present-day trends in anthropology and sociology.

3 For pioneer work along these lines, see McDougal, Myres S., “International Law, Power and Policy: A Contemporary Conception,” 82 Recueil des Cours 132–260 (1953)Google Scholar; Falk, Richard A., The Role of Domestic Courts in the International Legal Order 21–52 (Syracuse University Press, 1964)Google Scholar; Kaplan, Morton A. and de Katzenbach, Nicholas B., The Political Foundations of International Law (N.Y., Wiley, 1961)Google Scholar.

4 Summers, Robert S. (ed.), Essays in Legal Philosophy 12 (University of California Press, 1968)Google Scholar.

5 Hall, Jerome, “Legal Sanctions,” 6 Natural L.F. 119–27, at 119 (1961)Google Scholar. A recent note of value (on the work of Andenaes) is Hawkins, Gordon, “Punishment and Deterrence: The Educative, Moralizing and Habituative Effects,” 1969 Wis. L.R. 550–66Google Scholar; and still useful is Pound, Roscoe, “The Limits of Effective Legal Action,” 27 Int’l J. Ethics 150–67 (1916–17)CrossRefGoogle Scholar. The subject is examined comprehensively by Arens, Richard and Lass-well, Harold D., “Toward a General Theory of Sanctions,” 49 Iowa L. Rev. 233–77 (1964).Google Scholar

6 Kaplan, Morton A., “The Systems Approach to International Politics,” in Kaplan, Morton A. (ed.), New Approaches to International Relations 381–405, at 394 (St. Martin’s Press, N.Y., 1968)Google Scholar.

7 Liska, George, Imperial America: The International Politics of Primacy 88 (The Johns Hopkins Press, 1967)Google Scholar.

8 See especially North, Robert C., “The Behaviour of Nation States: Problems of Conflict and Integration,” in Kaplan, Morton A. (ed.), New Approaches to International Relations 303–57 (St. Martin’s Press, N.Y., 1968)Google Scholar.

9 Osgood, Robert E., Limited War: The Challenge to American Strategy 18 (The University of Chicago Press, 1957)Google Scholar.

10 McDougal, Myres S. and Feliciano, Florentino P., Law and Minimum World Public Order 30–31 (Yale U.P., 1961)Google Scholar.

11 Taubenfeld, Falk Rita and Taubenfeld, Howard J., “The ’Economic Weapon’: The League and the United Nations,” 58 Am. Soc. Int’l L. 183, 197 (1964)Google Scholar

12 Galtung, Johan, “On the Effects of International Economic Sanctions, with Examples from the Case of Rhodesia,” 19 World Politics 378–417 (1967)CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

13 Cited in 58 Am. Soc. Int’l L., Proc, 215 (1964).

14 Selnick, Philip, “Legal Institutions and Social Controls,” 17 Vand. L. Rev. 79–81 (1963–64)Google Scholar.