Hostname: page-component-6b989bf9dc-94dtm Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-14T15:12:37.634Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Uplift history of the Jiaodong Peninsula, eastern North China Craton: implications for lithosphere thinning and gold mineralization

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  16 January 2017

RUI ZHAO ,
QINGFEI WANG ,
XUEFEI LIU ,
M. SANTOSH ,
WANMING YUAN  and
WEI WANG
RUI ZHAO
Affiliation:
State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
QINGFEI WANG*
Affiliation:
State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
XUEFEI LIU
Affiliation:
State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
M. SANTOSH
Affiliation:
State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China Centre for Tectonics, Resources and Exploration, Department of Earth Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide SA 5005, Australia
WANMING YUAN
Affiliation:
State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
WEI WANG
Affiliation:
State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
*
†Author for correspondence: wqf@cugb.edu.cn
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

The link between lithosphere thinning and formation of world-class gold deposits is well established in the Jiaodong Peninsula within the eastern North China Craton (NCC). However, the timing of initiation and duration of the lithospheric thinning process as well as the depth of formation of the mineralization remain uncertain. Since these parameters are fundamental to formulate exploration strategies, in this study we perform fission track (FT) analysis on zircon and apatite grains in Late Mesozoic granitoid samples from the Jiaodong Peninsula and provide new constraints for the mode and duration of lithospheric evolution and mineralization depth. The zircon FT ages range from 64.3 to 90.9 Ma and those of apatite show a range of 32.8–50.9 Ma. The data collectively display age peaks at ~60–80 and ~30–50 Ma. Reverse modelling of the apatite FT results indicates rapid crustal uplift during ~30–80 Ma in the Jiaodong Peninsula. This period coincides with the timing of maximal sedimentation in the neighboring basins and voluminous basaltic eruptions in the eastern NCC. We suggest that the Jiaodong Peninsula has experienced two stages of crust uplift in the Late Cretaceous and Paleogene as a consequence of the continuing lithosphere thinning, together with the surrounding basins, forming the horst–graben system in the eastern NCC. The Late Mesozoic granitoids are the main wall rocks for gold deposits in Jiaodong, and thus the crust denudation history gathered from the FT data suggest that the gold mineralization formed at depths of c. 6–11 km.

Keywords

lithosphere thinningfission trackgold mineralizationJiaodong PeninsulaNorth China Craton
Type
Original Articles
Information
Geological Magazine , Volume 155 , Issue 4 , May 2018 , pp. 979 - 991
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2017 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Allen, M. B., MacDonald, D. I. M., Zhao, X., Vincent, S. J. & Brouet-Menzies, C. 1997. Early Cenozoic two-phase extension and late Cenozoic thermal subsidence and inversion of the Bohai Basin, northern China. Marine and Petroleum Geology 14, 951–72.Google Scholar
Beaman, M., Sager, W. W., Acton, G. D., Lanci, L. & Pares, J. 2007. Improved Late Cretaceous and Early Cenozoic paleomagnetic apparent wander path for the Pacific plate. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 262, 1–20.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brandon, M. T. 2002. Decomposition of mixed grain age distributions using BINOMFIT. On Track 24, 13–18.Google Scholar
Cai, Y. C., Fan, H. R., Santosh, M., Liu, X., Hu, F. F., Yang, K. F., Lan, T. G., Yang, Y. H. & Liu, Y. S. 2013. Evolution of the lithospheric mantle beneath the southeastern North China Craton: constraints from mafic dikes in the Jiaobei terrain. Gondwana Research 24, 601–21.Google Scholar
Cao, X. Z., Li, S. Z., Xu, L. Q., Guo, L. L., Liu, L. P., Zhao, S. J., Liu, X. & Dai, L. M. 2015. Mesozoic–Cenozoic evolution and mechanism of tectonic geomorphology in the central North China Block: constraint from apatite fission track thermochronology. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 114, 41–53.Google Scholar
Charles, N., Augier, R., Gumiaux, C., Monie, P., Chen, Y., Faure, M. & Zhu, R. X. 2013. Timing, duration and role of magmatism in wide rift systems: insights from the Jiaodong Peninsula (China, East Asia). Gondwana Research 24, 412–28.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chen, X. F., Li, S. M., Dong, Y. X., Pang, X. Q., Wang, Z. J., Ren, M. S. & Zhang, H. C. 2016. Characteristics and genetic mechanisms of offshore natural gas in the Nanpu Sag, Bohai Bay Basin, eastern China. Organic Geochemistry 94, 68–82.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dai, L. Q., Zheng, Y. F. & Zhao, Z. F. 2016. Termination time of peak decratonization in North China: geochemical evidence from mafic igneous rocks. Lithos 240–243, 327–36.Google Scholar
Deng, J., Liu, X. F., Wang, Q. F. & Pan, R. G. 2015 a. Origin of the Jiaodong-type Xinli gold deposit, Jiaodong Peninsula, China: constraints from fluid inclusion and C-D-O-S-Sr isotope compositions. Ore Geology Reviews 65, 674–86.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Deng, J. & Wang, Q. F. 2016. Gold mineralization in China: metallogenic provinces, deposit types and tectonic framework. Gondwana Research 36, 219–74.Google Scholar
Deng, J., Wang, C. M., Bagas, L., Carranza, E. J. M. & Lu, Y. J. 2015 b. Cretaceous-Cenozoic tectonic history of the Jiaojia Fault and gold mineralization in the Jiaodong Peninsula, China: constraints from zircon U-Pb, illite K-Ar, and apatite fission track thermochronometry. Mineralium Deposita 50, 987–1006.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Deng, J., Wang, Q. F., Wan, L., Liu, H., Yang, L. Q. & Zhang, J. 2011. A multifractal analysis of mineralization characteristics of the Dayingezhuang disseminated-veinlet gold deposit in the Jiaodong gold province of China. Ore Geology Reviews 40, 54–64.Google Scholar
Deng, J., Wang, Q. F., Wei, Y. G., Wang, J. P., Sun, Z. S. & Yang, L. Q. 2004. Metallogenic effect of transition of tectonic dynamic system. Earth Science – Journal of China University of Geosciences 15, 23–8.Google Scholar
Deng, J. F., Su, S. G., Niu, Y. L., Liu, C., Zhao, G. C., Zhao, X. G., Zhou, S. & Wu, Z. X. 2007. A possible model for the lithospheric thinning of North China Craton: evidence from the Yanshanian (Jura-Cretaceous) magmatism and tectonic deformation. Lithos 96, 22–35.Google Scholar
Donelick, R. A., O'Sullivan, P. B. & Ketcham, R. A. 2005. Apatite fission-track analysis. Reviews in Mineralogy & Geochemistry 58, 49–94.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dong, Y. X., Xiao, L., Zhou, H. M., Du, J. X., Zhang, N., Xiang, H., Wang, C. Z., Zhao, Z. X. & Huang, H. X. 2010. Volcanism of the Nanpu Sag in the Bohai Bay Basin, Eastern China: geochemistry, petrogenesis, and implications for tectonic setting. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 39, 173–91.Google Scholar
Fan, H. R., Zhai, M. G., Xie, Y. H. & Yang, J. H. 2003. Ore-forming fluids associated with granite hosted gold mineralization at the Sanshandao deposit, Jiaodong gold province, China. Mineralium Deposita 38, 739–50.Google Scholar
Fan, W. M., Zhang, H. F., Baker, J., Jarvis, K. E., Mason, P. R. D. & Menzies, M. A. 2000. On and off the North China Craton: where is the Archaean keel? Journal of Petrology 41, 933–50.Google Scholar
Galbraith, R. F. 1981. On statistical models for fission track counts. Journal of the International Association for Mathematical Geology 13, 471–88.Google Scholar
Gao, S., Rudnick, R. L., Yuan, H. L., Liu, X. M., Liu, Y. S., Xu, W. L., Ling, W. L., Ayers, J., Wang, X. C. & Wang, Q. H. 2004. Recycling lower continental crust in the North China Craton. Nature 432, 892–7.Google Scholar
Goldfarb, R. J. & Santosh, M. 2014. The dilemma of the Jiaodong gold deposits: are they unique? Geoscience Frontiers 5, 139–53.Google Scholar
Goss, S. C., Wilde, S. A., Wu, F. & Yang, J. 2010. The age, isotopic signature and significance of the youngest Mesozoic granitoids in the Jiaodong Terrane, Shandong Province, North China Craton. Lithos 120, 309–26.Google Scholar
Green, P. F. & Duddy, I. R. 1989. Some comments on paleotemperature estimation from apatite fission tracks analysis. Journal of Petroleum Geology 12, 111–4.Google Scholar
Groves, D. I. & Santosh, M. 2016. The giant Jiaodong gold province: the key to a unified model for orogenic gold deposits? Geoscience Frontiers 7, 409–17.Google Scholar
Guedes, S., Hadler, J. C., Iunes, P. J., Oliveira, K. M. G., Moreira, P. A. F. P. & Tello, S. C. A. 2005. Kinetic model for the annealing of fission tracks in zircon. Radiation Measurements 40, 517–21.Google Scholar
Guo, P., Santosh, M. & Li, S. R. 2013. Geodynamics of gold metallogeny in the Shandong Province, NE China: an integrated geological, geophysical and geochemical perspective. Gondwana Research 24, 1172–202.Google Scholar
Guo, X. W., Liu, K. Y., He, S., Song, G. Q., Wang, Y. S., Hao, X. F. & Wang, B. J. 2012. Petroleum generation and charge history of the northern Dongying Depression, Bohai Bay Basin, China: insight from integrated fluid inclusion analysis and basin modelling. Marine and Petroleum Geology 32, 21–35.Google Scholar
He, L. J. 2015. Thermal regime of the North China Craton: implications for craton destruction. Earth-Science Reviews 140, 14–26.Google Scholar
Hu, S. B., Hao, J., Fu, M. X., Wu, W. P. & Wang, J. Y. 2005. Cenozoic denudation and cooling history of Qinling-Dabie-Sulu orogens: apatite fission track thermochronology constraints. Acta Petrologica Sinica 21, 1167–73.Google Scholar
Huang, J. L. & Zhao, D. P. 2006. High-resolution mantle tomography of China and surrounding regions. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth 111, 1–21.Google Scholar
Iaffaldano, G., Bodin, T. & Sambridge, M. 2013. Slow-downs and speed-ups of India–Eurasia convergence since ~20 Ma: data-noise, uncertainties and dynamic implications. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 367, 146–56.Google Scholar
Ji, M., Liu, J. L., Hu, L., Shen, L. & Guan, H. M. 2015. Evolving magma sources during continental lithospheric extension: insights from the Liaonan metamorphic core complex, eastern North China Craton. Tectonophysics 647, 48–62.Google Scholar
Jiang, Y. H., Jiang, S. Y., Dai, B. Z., Liao, S. Y., Zhao, K. D. & Ling, H. F. 2009. Middle to late Jurassic felsic and mafic magmatism in southern Hunan province, southeast China: implications for a continental arc to rifting. Lithos 107, 185–204.Google Scholar
Jiang, Y. H., Jiang, S. Y., Ling, H. F. & Ni, P. 2010. Petrogenesis and tectonic implications of Late Jurassic shoshonitic lamprophyre dikes from the Liaodong Peninsula, NE China. Mineralogy and Petrology 100, 127–51.Google Scholar
Ketcham, R. A. 2005. Forward and inverse modeling of low-temperature thermochronometry data. Reviews in Mineralogy & Geochemistry 58, 1–32.Google Scholar
Kiminami, K. & Imaoka, T. 2013. Spatiotemporal variations of Jurassic–Cretaceous magmatism in eastern Asia (Tan-Lu Fault to SW Japan): evidence for flat-slab subduction and slab rollback. Terra Nova 25, 414–22.Google Scholar
Kuang, Y. S., Wei, X., Hong, L. B., Ma, J. L., Pang, C. J., Zhong, Y. T., Zhao, J. X. & Xu, Y. G. 2012. Petrogenetic evaluation of the Laohutai basalts from North China Craton: melting of a two component source during lithospheric thinning in the late Cretaceous–early Cenozoic. Lithos 154, 68–82.Google Scholar
Li, H. Y., Huang, X. L. & Guo, H. 2014. Geochemistry of Cenozoic basalts from the Bohai Bay Basin: implications for a heterogeneous mantle source and lithospheric evolution beneath the eastern North China Craton. Lithos 196–197, 54–66.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Li, J. W., Bi, S. J., Selby, D., Chen, L., Vasconcelos, P., Thiede, D., Zhou, M. F., Zhao, X. F., Li, Z. K. & Qiu, H. N. 2012. Giant Mesozoic gold provinces related to the destruction of the North China Craton. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 349–350, 26–37.Google Scholar
Li, S. Z., Guo, L. L., Xu, L. Q., Somerville, I. D., Cao, X. Z., Yu, S., Wang, P. C., Suo, Y. H., Liu, X. & Zhao, S. J. 2015. Coupling and transition of Meso–Cenozoic intracontinental deformation between the Taihang and Qinling Mountains. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 114, 188–202.Google Scholar
Li, S. Z., Zhao, G. C., Dai, L. M., Liu, X., Zhou, L. H., Santosh, M. & Suo, Y. H. 2012 a. Mesozoic basins in eastern China and their bearing on the deconstruction of the North China Craton. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 47, 64–79.Google Scholar
Li, S. Z., Zhao, G. C., Dai, L. M., Zhou, L. H., Liu, X., Suo, Y. H. & Santosh, M. 2012 b. Cenozoic faulting of the Bohai Bay Basin and its bearing on the destruction of the eastern North China Craton. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 47, 80–93.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Li, T. D. 2010. The principal characteristics of the lithosphere of China. Geoscience Frontiers 1, 45–56.Google Scholar
Li, W. Y., Lu, W. F., Liu, Y. X. & Xu, J. C. 2012. Superimposed versus residual basin: the North Yellow Sea Basin. Geoscience Frontiers 3, 33–9.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Li, Z. X. & Li, X. H. 2007. Formation of the 1300-km-wide intracontinental orogen and postorogenic magmatic province in Mesozoic South China: a flat-slab subduction model. Geology 35, 179–82.Google Scholar
Liu, J. L., Shen, L., Ji, M., Guan, H. M., Zhang, Z. C. & Zhao, Z. D. 2013. The Liaonan/Wanfu metamorphic core complexes in the Liaodong Peninsula: two stages of exhumation and constraints on the destruction of the North China Craton. Tectonics 32, 1121–41.Google Scholar
Liu, Q. Y., He, L. J., Huang, F. & Zhang, L. Y. 2016. Cenozoic lithospheric evolution of the Bohai Bay Basin, eastern North China Craton: constraint from tectono-thermal modeling. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 115, 368–82.Google Scholar
Liu, S. S., Weber, U., Glasmacher, U. A., Xu, Z. Q. & Wanger, G. A. 2009. Fission track analysis and thermotectonic history of the main borehole of the Chinese Continental Scientific Drilling project. Tectonophysics 475, 318–26.Google Scholar
Lv, X. 2006. Thermal evolutional history and hydrocarbon accumulation in the eastern Linqing depression, Bohai Bay Basin. China Journal of Geology 41, 676–87 (in Chinese with English summary).Google Scholar
Ma, L., Jiang, S. Y., Hofmann, A. W., Dai, B. Z., Hou, M. L., Zhao, Z. F., Chen, L. H., Li, J. W. & Jiang, Y. H. 2014. Lithospheric and asthenospheric sources of lamprophyres in the Jiaodong Peninsula: a consequence of rapid lithospheric thinning beneath the North China Craton? Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 124, 250–71.Google Scholar
Meng, F. X., Gao, S., Niu, Y. L., Liu, Y. S. & Wang, X. R. 2015. Mesozoic–Cenozoic mantle evolution beneath the North China Craton: a new perspective from Hf–Nd isotopes of basalts. Gondwana Research 27, 1574–85.Google Scholar
Northrup, C. J., Royden, L. H. & Burchfiel, B. C. 1995. Motion of the Pacific plate relative to Eurasia and its potential relation to Cenozoic extension along the eastern margin of Eurasia. Geology 23, 719–22.Google Scholar
Qiu, N. S., Zuo, Y. H., Chang, J. & Li, W. Z. 2014. Geothermal evidence of Meso-Cenozoic lithosphere thinning in the Jiyang sub-basin, Bohai Bay Basin, eastern North China Craton. Gondwana Research 26, 1079–92.Google Scholar
Qiu, N. S., Zuo, Y. H., Xu, W., Li, W. Z., Chang, J. & Zhu, C. Q. 2016. Meso-Cenozoic lithosphere thinning in the Eastern North China Craton: evidence from thermal history of the Bohai Bay Basin, North China. The Journal of Geology 124, 195–219.Google Scholar
Sager, W. W. 2006. Cretaceous paleomagnetic apparent polar wander path for the Pacific plate calculated from Deep Sea Drilling Project and Ocean Drilling Program basalt cores. Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors 156, 329–49.Google Scholar
Santosh, M. 2010. Assembling North China Craton within the Columbia supercontinent: the role of double-sided subduction. Precambrian Research 178, 149–67.Google Scholar
Shinn, Y. J., Chough, S. K. & Hwang, I. G. 2010. Structural development and tectonic evolution of Gunsan Basin (Cretaceous-Tertiary) in the central Yellow Sea. Marine and Petroleum Geology 27, 500–14.Google Scholar
Song, M. C., Li, S. Z., Santosh, M., Zhao, S. J., Yu, S., Yi, P. H., Cui, S. X., Lv, G. X., Xu, J. X., Song, Y. X. & Zhou, M. L. 2015. Types, characteristics and metallogenesis of gold deposits in the Jiaodong Peninsula, Eastern North China Craton. Ore Geology Reviews 65, 612–25.Google Scholar
Tang, Y. J., Zhang, H. F. & Ying, J. F. 2006. Asthenosphere–lithospheric mantle interaction in an extensional regime: implication from the geochemistry of Cenozoic basalts from Taihang Mountains, North China Craton. Chemical Geology 233, 309–27.Google Scholar
Wang, Q. F., Deng, J., Wan, L., Yang, L. Q. & Gong, Q. J. 2007. Discussion on the kinetic controlling parameter of the stability of orebody distribution in altered rocks in the Dayingezhuang gold deposit, Shandong. Acta Petrologica Sinica 23, 861–4 (in Chinese with English summary).Google Scholar
Wen, B. J., Fan, H. R., Hu, F. F., Liu, X., Yang, K. F., Sun, Z. F. & Sun, Z. F. 2016. Fluid evolution and ore genesis of the giant Sanshandao gold deposit, Jiaodong gold province, China: constraints from geology, fluid inclusions and H-O-S-He-Ar isotopic compositions. Journal of Geochemical Exploration 171, 96–112.Google Scholar
Wen, B. J., Fan, H. R., Santosh, M., Hu, F. F., Pirajno, F. & Yang, K. F. 2015. Genesis of two different types of gold mineralization in the Linglong gold field, China: constraints from geology, fluid inclusions and stable isotope. Ore Geology Reviews 65, 643–58.Google Scholar
White, L. T. & Lister, G. S. 2012. The collision of India with Asia. Journal of Geodynamics 56–57, 7–17.Google Scholar
Wu, F. Y., Lin, J. Q., Wilde, S. A., Zhang, X. O. & Yang, J. H. 2005. Nature and significance of the Early Cretaceous giant igneous event in eastern China. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 233, 103–19.Google Scholar
Wu, F. Y., Xu, Y. G., Gao, S. & Zheng, J. P. 2008. Lithospheric thinning and destruction of the North China Craton. Acta Petrologica Sinica 24, 1145–74 (in Chinese with English summary).Google Scholar
Wu, L., Monie, P., Wang, F., Lin, W., Ji, W. B., Bonno, M., Munch, P. & Wang, Q. C. 2016. Cenozoic exhumation history of Sulu terrane: implications from (U–Th)/He thermochronology. Tectonophysics 672–673, 1–15.Google Scholar
Xu, W. L., Yang, D. B., Gao, S., Pei, F. P. & Yu, Y. 2010. Geochemistry of peridotite xenoliths in Early Cretaceous high-Mg diorites from the Central Orogenic Block of the North China Craton: the nature of Mesozoic lithospheric mantle and constraints on lithospheric thinning. Chemical Geology 270, 257–73.Google Scholar
Xu, Y., Zeyen, H., Hao, T., Santosh, M., Li, Z., Huang, S. & Xing, J. 2016. Lithospheric structure of the North China Craton: integrated gravity, geoid and topography data. Gondwana Research 34, 315–23.Google Scholar
Xu, Y. G., Huang, X. L., Ma, J. L., Wang, Y. B., Iizuka, Y., Xu, J. F., Wang, Q. & Wu, X. Y. 2004. Crust-mantle interaction during the tectono-thermal reactivation of the North China Craton: constraints from SHRIMP zircon U-Pb chronology and geochemistry of Mesozoic plutons from western Shandong. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 147, 750–67.Google Scholar
Xu, Y. G., Li, H. Y., Pang, C. J. & He, B. 2009. On the timing and duration of the destruction of the North China Craton. China Science Bulletin 54, 3379–96.Google Scholar
Yamada, R., Tagami, T., Nishimura, S. & Ito, H. 1995. Annealing kinetics of fission tracks in zircon: an experimental study. Chemical Geology 122, 249–58.Google Scholar
Yamamoto, T. & Hoang, N. 2009. Synchronous Japan Sea opening Miocene fore-arc volcanism in the Abukuma Mountains, NE Japan: an advancing hot asthenosphere flow versus Pacific slab melting. Lithos 112, 575–90.Google Scholar
Yan, J., Chen, J. F., Xie, Z. & Zhou, T. 2003. Mantle xenoliths from Late Cretaceous basalt in eastern Shandong Province: new constraint on the timing of lithospheric thinning in eastern China. China Science Bulletin 48, 2139–44.Google Scholar
Yang, J. H., Wu, F. Y., Wilde, S. A., Belousova, E. & Griffin, W. L. 2008. Mesozoic decratonization of the North China Block. Geology 36, 467–70.Google Scholar
Yang, L. Q., Deng, J., Guo, L. N., Wang, Z. L., Li, X. Z. & Li, J. L. 2016 a. Origin and evolution of ore fluid, and gold-deposition processes at the giant Taishang gold deposit, Jiaodong Peninsula, eastern China. Ore Geology Reviews 72, 585–602.Google Scholar
Yang, L. Q., Deng, J., Guo, R. P., Guo, L. N., Wang, Z. L., Chen, B. H. & Wang, X. D. 2016 b. World-class Xincheng gold deposit: an example from the giant Jiaodong gold province. Geoscience Frontiers 7, 419–30.Google Scholar
Yang, Q. Y. & Santosh, M. 2015. Early Cretaceous magma flare-up and its implications on gold mineralization in the Jiaodong Peninsula, China. Ore Geology Reviews 65, 626–42.Google Scholar
Yang, Q. Y., Santosh, M., Shen, J. F. & Li, S. R. 2014. Juvenile vs. recycled crust in NE China: zircon U-Pb geochronology, Hf isotope and an integrated model for Mesozoic gold mineralization in the Jiaodong Peninsula. Gondwana Research 25, 1445–68.Google Scholar
Ying, J. F., Zhang, H. F., Kita, N., Morishita, Y. & Shimoda, G. 2006. Nature and evolution of Late Cretaceous lithospheric mantle beneath the eastern North China Craton: constraints from petrology and geochemistry of peridotitic xenoliths from Junan, Shandong Province, China. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 244, 622–38.Google Scholar
Yoon, Y., Lee, G. H., Han, S., Yoo, D. G., Han, H. C., Choi, K. & Lee, K. 2010. Cross-section restoration and one-dimensional basin modeling of the Central Subbasin in the southern Kunsan Basin, Yellow Sea. Marine and Petroleum Geology 27, 1325–39.Google Scholar
Yuan, W. M., Bao, Z. K., Dong, J. Q., Guo, Z. J. & Deng, J. 2007. Zircon and apatite fission track analyses on mineralization ages and tectonic activities of Tuwu-Yandong porphyry copper deposit in northern Xinjiang, China. Science in China, Series D: Earth Sciences 50, 1787–95.Google Scholar
Yuan, W. M., Carter, A., Dong, J. Q., Bao, Z. K., An, Y. C. & Guo, Z. J. 2006. Mesozoic–Tertiary exhumation history of the Altai Mountains, northern Xinjiang, China: new constraints from apatite fission track data. Tectonophysics 412, 183–93.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhai, M. G. 2014. Multi-stage crustal growth and cratonization of the North China Craton. Geoscience Frontiers 5, 457–69.Google Scholar
Zhang, C., Ma, C. Q., Liao, Q. A., Zhang, J. Y. & She, Z. B. 2011. Implications of subduction and subduction zone migration of the Paleo-Pacific Plate beneath eastern North China, based on distribution, geochronology, and geochemistry of Late Mesozoic volcanic rocks. International Journal of Earth Sciences 100, 1665–84.Google Scholar
Zhang, H. F. 2012. Destruction of ancient lower crust through magma underplating beneath Jiaodong Peninsula, North China Craton: U–Pb and Hf isotopic evidence from granulite xenoliths. Gondwana Research 21, 281–92.Google Scholar
Zhang, H. F., Sun, M., Zhou, X. H., Zhou, M. F., Fan, W. M. & Zheng, J. P. 2003 a. Secular evolution of the lithosphere beneath the eastern North China Craton: evidence from Mesozoic basalts and high-Mg andesites. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 67, 4373–87.Google Scholar
Zhang, H. H., Xu, Y. G., Ge, W. C. & Ma, J. L. 2006. Geochemistry of late Mesozoic–Cenozoic basalts in Yitong–Datun area, Jilin Province and its implication. Acta Petrologica Sinica 22, 1579–96 (in Chinese with English summary).Google Scholar
Zhang, J., Zhao, Z. F., Zheng, Y. F. & Dai, M. N. 2010. Postcollisional magmatism: geochemical constraints on the petrogenesis of Mesozoic granitoids in the Sulu orogen, China. Lithos 119, 512–36.Google Scholar
Zhang, S. H., Zhao, Y., Davis, G. A., Ye, H. & Wu, F. 2014. Temporal and spatial variations of Mesozoic magmatism and deformation in the North China Craton: implications for lithospheric thinning and decratonization. Earth-Science Reviews 131, 49–87.Google Scholar
Zhang, Y. Q., Ma, Y. S., Yang, N., Shi, W. & Dong, S. W. 2003 b. Cenozoic extensional stress evolution in North China. Journal of Geodynamics 36, 591–613.Google Scholar
Zhao, R., Liu, X. F., Pan, R. G. & Zhou, M. 2015. Element behaviors during alteration and mineralization: a case study of the Xinli (altered rock type) gold deposit, Jiaodong Peninsula. Acta Petrologica Sinica 31, 3420–40 (in Chinese with English summary).Google Scholar
Zhao, R., Wang, Q. F., Liu, X. F., Wang, W., Pan, R. G. 2016. Architecture of the Sulu crustal suture between the North China Craton and Yangtze Craton: constraints from Mesozoic granitoids. Lithos 266–267, 348–61.Google Scholar
Zheng, Y. F., Xiao, W. J. & Zhao, G. C. 2013. Introduction to tectonics of China. Gondwana Research 23, 1189–1206.Google Scholar
Zhu, G., Chen, Y., Jiang, D. Z. & Lin, S. Z. 2015. Rapid change from compression to extension in the North China Craton during the Early Cretaceous: evidence from the Yunmengshan metamorphic core complex. Tectonophysics 656, 91–110.Google Scholar
Zhu, G., Jiang, D. Z., Zhang, B. L. & Chen, Y. 2012 a. Destruction of the eastern North China Craton in a backarc setting: evidence from crustal deformation kinematics. Gondwana Research 22, 86–103.Google Scholar
Zhu, R. X., Chen, L., Wu, F. Y. & Liu, J. L. 2011. Timing, scale and mechanism of the destruction of the North China Craton. Science China Earth Science 54, 789–97.Google Scholar
Zhu, R. X., Xu, Y. G., Zhu, G., Zhang, H. F., Xia, Q. K. & Zheng, T. Y. 2012 b. Destruction of the North China Craton. Science China Earth Sciences 55, 1565–87.Google Scholar