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13 - Long gamma-ray burst host galaxies and their environments

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 December 2012

By
Johan P. U. Fynbo ,
Daniele Malesani  and
Páll Jakobsson
Edited by
Chryssa Kouveliotou ,
Ralph A. M. J. Wijers  and
Stan Woosley
Johan P. U. Fynbo
Affiliation:
Dark Cosmology Centre, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Juliane Maries Vej 30, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
Daniele Malesani
Affiliation:
Dark Cosmology Centre, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Juliane Maries Vij 30, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
Páll Jakobsson
Affiliation:
Centre for Astrophysics and Cosmology, Science Institute, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
Chryssa Kouveliotou
Affiliation:
NASA-Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville
Ralph A. M. J. Wijers
Affiliation:
Universiteit van Amsterdam
Stan Woosley
Affiliation:
University of California, Santa Cruz
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Summary

Introduction

Host galaxies have played an important role in determining the nature of gamma-ray burst (GRB) progenitors even before the first optical afterglows were detected. After the first detections of host galaxies, their properties provided strong evidence that long duration GRBs were associated with massive stellar deaths and hence the concept of using long-duration GRBs to probe the evolution of the cosmic star-formation rate was conceived.

In this chapter we first briefly discuss some basic observational issues related to what a GRB host galaxy is (whether they are operationally well defined as a class) and sample completeness. We then describe some of the early studies of GRB hosts, starting with statistical studies of upper limits done prior to the first detections, the first host detection after the BeppoSAX breakthrough, and leading up to the current Swift era. Finally, we discuss the status of efforts to construct a more complete sample of GRBs based on Swift and end with an outlook. We only consider the host galaxies of long-duration GRBs. For short GRBs we refer to Berger (2009). The study of GRB host galaxies has previously been reviewed by van Paradijs et al. (2000) and Djorgovski et al. (2003).

Early results based on GRB host galaxy studies

Pre-afterglow host galaxy studies

Prior to the first afterglow detections a few gamma-ray bursts with relatively small uncertainties on their derived position were studied based on the Interplanetary Network (IPN; Hurley et al. 1993, see also Chapter 2).

Type
Chapter
Information
Gamma-ray Bursts , pp. 269 - 290
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2012

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