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2 - Nationalism and Urban Social Movements, 1919

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 May 2019

Mark W. Frazier
Affiliation:
The New School, New York
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Summary

This chapter narrates the citywide protests of 1919 in Shanghai and Bombay. Despite weak formal organizations and institutions, mobilizations in Shanghai erupted quickly and spontaneously, with impressive durability. Social networks that were part of the urban political culture played a role in furthering nationalist mobilization. In Bombay, nationalist movement leaders failed to incorporate the city’s textile workforce, despite the efforts by some nationalist organizers who favored an inclusive cross-class strategy. Thus, an industrywide strike in early 1919 did not connect with nationalist protests organized in April of that year. In Shanghai, nationalist mobilizations sparked in May 1919 by the Treaty of Versailles and outrage over concessions to Japan morphed into a “triple strike” of workers, students, and merchants. The citywide, cross-class mobilization extended through the summer of 1919. In both cases, nationalist claims contained elements of urban citizenship. The spatial politics of the 1919 mobilizations in Bombay and Shanghai had an enduring effect on twentieth-century social mobilizations in the two contentious port cities.
Type
Chapter
Information
The Power of Place
Contentious Politics in Twentieth-Century Shanghai and Bombay
, pp. 71 - 96
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2019

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