The era of forensic DNA typing began in the 1980s when ABO and isoenzymes were the forensic tools for biological identification. As was the case with ABO blood grouping, DNA profiling was adapted from research in molecular biology. However, migration from the research laboratory to the forensic laboratory involves far more than buying new equipment. Forensic methods and techniques must satisfy two diverse communities – the scientific and the judicial. There is a common misconception that science and justice both seek “truth” and are natural partners. This assessment is oversimplified. At best, the disciplines manage to work together in a strained relationship. Before we move on to the science of DNA profiling, we need to explore how DNA found acceptance in the courts.

When a new scientific method is employed in a case, the courts must decide whether the data will be admitted into evidence that will be seen by those who will pass judgment, such as a judge or jury.