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I. The Palace

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  18 October 2013

Extract

The site of ancient Knossos, which lies near the present village of Makryteichos, about four miles inland from Candia, is shut in by higher hills in three directions. Somewhat South however of the scanty remains of the Roman City, the ground gradually rises into a rounded hill generally known as Kephala or in its fuller form τοῦ Τσελεβῆ ἡ Κεφάλα—“the Squire's Knoll,” from the fact that it belonged to a local Bey or landowner whose country house stands by the stream below. This hill lies at the confluence of a tributary stream with the ancient Kairatos (now, Κατσαμπᾶς), and descends somewhat steeply towards these channels on the South and East.

Type
Knossos
Copyright
Copyright © The Council, British School at Athens 1900

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References

page 4 note 1 See Haussoullier, , Bulletin de Corr. Hell. 1880, pp. 124127CrossRefGoogle Scholar; Fabricius, , Ath. Mitth. 1886, p. 139Google Scholarseqq. and Taf. III.

page 4 note 2 Second Annual Report of the Executive Committee, Arch. Inst. of America, 1880–1881, pp. 47–49.

page 4 note 3 Researches in Crete in the Antiquary, vol. xxviii, p. 111.

page 7 note 1 Illustrated in the paper by Messrs. Hogarth and Welch, to appear in J.H.S. xxi.

page 8 note 1 Furtwängler u. Löschke, Myk. Vasen, Pl. ix. (55, xxxii.).

page 10 note 1 For a full account of this temple fresco, including a coloured illustration and a complete elevation, I must refer to a paper about to appear in the Hellenic Journal (also published separately by Messrs. Macmillan), on “Mycenaean Tree and Pillar Cult.”

page 11 note 1 See my paper on the “Mycenaean Tree and Pillar Cult” in J.H.S. xxi.

page 18 note 1 Professor Halbherr and Dr. Joseph Hazzidakis, now Ephor of Antiquities had called my attention to this fragment which was in the possession of a chemist named Antonios Zacharakis. During the Insurrection and Massacre the house was sacked, and the fragment has disappeared.

page 18 note 2 The specimens of tablets given on the first half of Plate I. are taken from this deposit. They are reduced to half their diameter.

page 27 note 1 I have published this monument with the transcription and interpretation of Mr. F. LI. Griffith and the opinions of himself, Professor Petrie and Dr. Budge, in the Archaeological Report of the Egypt Exploration Fund for 1900.

page 30 note 1 The boring at the base of one of these—an elegantly foliated marble vessel—had been partially plugged with a piece of some other material having a smaller hole.

page 32 note 1 Those of the E. Pillar Room are ·62 N. and S. by ·56 E. and W., the height of the pillar being 1·78. m. Those of the W. Pillar were ·65 by ·65 and the height is 1·75 m.

page 33 note 1 The subject has been more fully discussed by me in my forthcoming article on “Mycenaean Tree and Pillar Cult.”

page 34 note 1 See p. 76.

page 34 note 2 Both are ·21 cm. deep. One is ·80 cm. E.W. by ·47 cm. N. and S.: the other ·80 cm. E. and W. by ·53 cm. N. and S.

page 42 note 1 The prominence of the female sex in the Mycenaean period—as illustrated by the cult-scenes on the signet-rings—might in itself favour the view that a queen had occupied the throne here, and this alternative is preferred by DrWolters, (Jahrbuch d. k. d. Inst. 1900, p. 145Google Scholar). But it must not be forgotten that the masks on the royal tombs of Mycenae were of the male sex. The leading part played by Goddesses and female votaries in the cult-scenes may have been due to the longer survival in the domain of religion of ideas attaching to the matriarchal system. This religious survival of matriarchy was, as is well known, a well-marked feature among the Phrygians at a much later period.

page 47 note 1 Ἐφ. Ἀρχ 1887, Pl. XI.

page 52 note 1 M. Gilliéron, who executed a careful drawing of the head, considers that this fragment does not belong to a horn, but to the lower part of the leg of man. But it was found almost in position and the peculiar ribbed surface answers to a similar ribbing at the spring of the horn from which it was broken off. A small piece of blue near the smaller end of the fragment may possibly belong to the background.

page 53 note 1 Mr. Fyfe notes as the most important situations in which gypsum is used : (I) Great South Wall [B6, 7), (2) Door-Jambs [C 3, 4, 5], (3) Great Wall bordering on the W. Court [F, G, H, K 2], (4) Door-Jambs in the Long Gallery and the backings at the end of the Magazines, [F, G, H, K, L 4], (5) The Great Column-Base on the steps W. of E. Court [H 6], (6)Small Door-Jambs [F, G 6], (7) The Pillars in the Pillar Rooms [G 4, 5], (8) Steps, Door-Jambs, and Seats in the Ante-Room and Throne-Room [K, L 6], (9) The Throne (or possibly a specially white specimen of limestone), (10) Rounded Wall N. of the Ante-Room, (11) The Door-Jambs by the N. Portico [M 6, 7]. The crystalline gypsum mentioned above as occurring in the neighbouring houses is only found exceptionally in the Palace, namely in the door-jambs last mentioned, on the N. edge of the irregular wall in the Central Clay Area [E 5] and in the case of a large stone with bird's-mouth angle under the great steps by the Eastern Court [H 6].

page 54 note 1 The following are the chief positions in which the ordinary limestone is used, as noted by Mr. Fyfe. (1) The South Terrace wall, including the stones of the underground galleries, some of very large size [C 4, 5, 6], (2) The column-bases of the S. Propylaeum (really a transitional material) [C, D 4, 5], (3) A large part of the wall bordering the E. Court [E, F 6], (4) The important cross wall N. of the Central Clay Area [F 4, 5, 6], (5) The great ascending steps off the E. Court [H, K 6], (6) The walls on either side of the N. roadway [M, N, O 7, 8], (7) The columnbases in the Column Base Room (a transitional material between limestone and gypsum) [G 6].

page 54 note 2 See p. 45 above.

page 54 note 3 Mr. Fyfe classifies the paving materials as follows. I. An ordinary quality of yellow limestone more or less dense, occurring throughout, and in the Long Gallery the only stone thus employed. 2. A better quality of the same, denser in grain with a finer surface but in thin layers inclined to scale off. 3. A good light blue paving, in slabs of considerable thickness. This is used where colour was intended as a finish, as in the antechamber to the Throne-Room. 4. A dark, blue-black, dense slaty material, capable of polish, used in strips in front of doorways in W. Court [E 2]. 5. A light blue silky stone resembling coarse slate with distinct longitudinal grain used for paving in the Corridor of the Procession [E 2]: all rough pieces not squared. 6. Slabs of gypsum usually of a more granular character than the wall-stone. Irregular blue black slabs were used for the flooring of the passage N. of the E. Pillar Room [H 5] and at the N. end of the Stone Vat Room [H 5].

page 55 note 1 Based on a drawing by Mr. Fyfe.

page 57 note 1 See above p. 29.

page 58 note 1 A gold cup of the Vapheio type is seen on the Tomb of Sen Mut which is of earlier date than that of Rekhmara, and belongs to the time of Queen Hatasu (Hat-shepsut) c. 1516–1481 B.C.

page 58 note 2 I have copied over nine hundred of these tablets which I hope carefully to revise with the aid o the originals on my return to Crete. The retention of the tablets in Crete itself is naturally a hindrance to study. No effort will be spared to publish the whole collected material at the earliest possible moment. The Oxford University Press (Clarendon Press) has undertaken the publication, and has already set in hand the preliminary work, including a Mycenaean Fount.

page 59 note 1 See the table given by MrHogarth, D. G., Ann. of Br. School, No. 4 (18971898) p. 12.Google Scholar

page 59 note 2 See above p. 25.

page 60 note 1 See “Cretan Pictographs,”&c., J.H.S. ff.S. 1894, and “Further Discoveries,” &c., J.H.S. 1897.

page 62 note 1 “Cretan Pictographs,” &t., p. 24, Fig. 30 ( J.H.S. xiv. p. 293).

page 63 note 1 It is figured in my forthcoming article on “Mycenaean Tree and Pillar Cult,” in J.H.S.

page 65 note 1 Mr. Hogarth found a vase of this class with the double-axe symbol painted on it in a house on the Kephala site itself, a little below the Palace.

page 66 note 1 See my article on “Mycenaean Cyprus as illustrated in the British Museum Excavations,” Anthropological Institute Journal, 1901.