Hostname: page-component-76fb5796d-r6qrq Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-28T08:25:41.768Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Coherent structures in oscillatory boundary layers

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  26 April 2006

Turgut Sarpkaya
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

An experimental investigation of the circumstances leading to the creation and subsequent evolution of the low-speed streaks and other quasi-coherent structures on a long cylindrical body immersed in a sinusoidally oscillating flow (Stokes flow) is described. The wall shear stress and the phase lead of the maximum wall shear over the maximum free-stream velocity have been measured to characterize the unsteady boundary layer. The evolution of a sinuous streak, from its inception to its ultimate demise, and the generation of multiple streaks, arches, hairpins, and other vortical structures have been traced through flow visualization. The results have shown that the strong pressure gradients, inflexion points in the velocity profile, and the reversal of the shear stress have profound effects on the stability of the flow. The Reynolds number (Reδ = Umaxδ/ν) delineates the boundaries of the laminar stable flow, transitional flow, and turbulent flow at the start of which the phase angle decreases sharply, the friction coefficient increases rapidly, and the turbulent motion prevails over larger fractions of the flow cycle. The transitional and turbulent states are rich with vortical motions which burst themselves into existence most intensely during the later stages of the deceleration phase. The effect of the manipulation of the viscosity of the wall-layer fluid on the creation and bifurcation of the low-speed streaks is discussed in some detail.

Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of Fluid Mechanics , Volume 253 , August 1993 , pp. 105 - 140
Copyright
© 1993 Cambridge University Press

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Acarlar, M. S. & Smith, C. R. 1987 A study of hairpin vortices in a laminar boundary layer. Part 2. Hairpin vortices generated by fluid injection. J. Fluid Mech. 175, 43–83.Google Scholar
Blackwelder, R. F. & Eckelmann, H. 1979 Streamwise vortices associated with the bursting phenomenon. J. Fluid Mech. 94, 577–594.Google Scholar
Casarella, M. J. & Laura, P. A. 1969 Drag on an oscillating rod with longitudinal and torsional motion. J. Hydronautics 3(4), 180–183.Google Scholar
Chew, Y. T. & Liu, C. Y. 1988 Effects of transverse curvature on oscillatory flow along a circular cylinder. AIAA J. 27, 1137–1139.Google Scholar
Collins, J. I. 1963 Inception of turbulence at the bed under periodic gravity waves. J. Geophys. Res. 68, 6007–6014.Google Scholar
Corino, E. R. & Brodkey, R. S. 1969 A visual investigation of the wall region in turbulent flow. J. Fluid Mech. 37, 1–30.Google Scholar
Cousteix, J., Houdeville, R. & Javelle, J. 1981 Response of a turbulent boundary layer to a pulsation of the external flow with and without adverse pressure gradient. In Unsteady Turbulent Shear Flows (ed. R. Michel, J. Cousteix & R. Houdeville), pp. 120–139. Springer.
Cowley, S. J. 1987 High frequency Rayleigh instability of Stokes layers. In Stability of Time Dependent and Spatially Varying Flows (ed. D. L. Dwoyer & M. Y. Hussaini), pp. 261–275. Springer.
Donohue, G. L., Tiederman, W. G. & Reischman, M. M. 1972 Flow visualization of the near-wall region in a drag-reducing channel flow. J. Fluid Mech. 56, 559–575.Google Scholar
Eckmann, D. M. & Grotberg, J. B. 1991 Experiments on transition to turbulence in oscillatory pipe flow. J. Fluid Mech. 222, 329–350.Google Scholar
Falco, R. E. 1991 A coherent structure model of the turbulent boundary layer and its ability to predict Reynolds number dependence. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. A 336, 103–129.Google Scholar
Fishler, L. S. & Brodkey, R. S. 1991 Transition, turbulence and oscillating flow in a pipe – a visual study. Exps Fluids 11, 388–398.Google Scholar
Hall, P. 1978 The Linear stability of flat Stokes layers. R. Soc. Lond. A 359, 151–166.Google Scholar
Hayashi, T. & Ohashi, M. 1982 A dynamical and visual study on the oscillatory turbulent boundary layer. In Turbulent Shear Flows 3 (ed. L. J. S. Bradbury, F. Durst, B. E. Launder, F. W. Schmidt & J. W. Whitelaw), pp. 18–33. Springer.
Head, M. R. & Bandyopadhyay, P. 1981 New aspects of turbulent boundary layer structure. J. Fluid Mech. 107, 297–338.Google Scholar
Hino, M., Kashiwayanagi, M., Nakayama, A. & Hara, T. 1983 Experiments on the turbulence statistics and the structure of a reciprocating oscillatory flow. J. Fluid Mech. 131, 363–399.Google Scholar
Hino, M., Sawamoto, M. & Takasu, S. 1976 Experiments on transition to turbulence in oscillatory pipe flow. J. Fluid Mech. 75, 193–207.Google Scholar
Hodgman, C. D. (ed.) 1963 Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, p. 2273. Cleveland: The Chemical Rubber Publishing Co.
Hooper, A. P. & Boyd, W. G. C. 1987 Shear-flow instability due to a wall and viscosity discontinuity at the interface. J. Fluid Mech. 179, 201–225.Google Scholar
Jensen, B. L., Sumer, B. M. & Fredsoe, J. 1989 Turbulent oscillatory boundary layers at high Reynolds numbers. J. Fluid Mech. 206, 265–297.Google Scholar
Jimenez, J. & Moin, P. 1991 The minimal flow unit in near-wall turbulence. J. Fluid Mech. 225, 213–240.Google Scholar
Kamphuis, J. W. 1975 Friction factor under oscillatory waves. J. Waterways, Port Coastal Engng Div. ASCE 101, 135–144.Google Scholar
von Kerczek, C. & Davis, S. H. 1974 Linear stability theory of oscillatory Stokes layers. J. Fluid Mech. 62, 753–773.Google Scholar
Kim, H. T., Kline, S. J. & Reynolds, W. C. 1971 The production of turbulence near a smooth wall in a turbulent boundary layer. J. Fluid Mech. 50, 133–160.Google Scholar
Kim, J. & Moin, P. 1986 The structure of the vorticity field in turbulent channel flow. Part 2. Study of ensemble-averaged fields. J. Fluid Mech. 162, 339–363.Google Scholar
Kline, S. J., Reynolds, W. C., Schraub, F. A. & Runstadler, P. W. 1967 The structure of turbulent boundary layers. J. Fluid Mech. 30, 741–773.Google Scholar
Koga, D. J., Abrahamson, S. D. & Eaton, J. K. 1987 Development of a portable laser sheet. Exps Fluids 5, 215–216.Google Scholar
Kurzweg, U. H., Lindgren, E. R. & Lothrop, B. 1989 Onset of turbulence in oscillating flow at low Womersley number. Phys. Fluids A 1(12), 1972–1975.Google Scholar
Lam, K. & Banerjee, S. 1992 On the condition of streak formation in a bounded turbulent flow. Phys. Fluids A 4(2), 306–320.Google Scholar
Landahl, M. T. 1990 On sublayer streaks. J. Fluid Mech. 212, 593–614.Google Scholar
Lee, M. J., Kim, J. & Moin, P. 1990 Structure of turbulence at high shear rate. J. Fluid Mech. 216, 561–583.Google Scholar
Li, H. 1954 Stability of oscillatory laminar flow along a wall. Beach Erosion Board, US Army Corps Engrs Tech. Memo 47.Google Scholar
Lighthill, M. J. 1954 The response of laminar skin friction and heat transfer to fluctuations in the stream velocity. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A 224, 1–23.Google Scholar
Lueptow, R. M. 1990 Turbulent boundary layer on a cylinder in axial flow. AIAA J. 28(10), 1705–1706.Google Scholar
Mankbadi, R. R. & Liu, J. T. C. 1992 Near-wall response in turbulent shear flows subjected to imposed unsteadiness. J. Fluid Mech. 238, 55–71.Google Scholar
Merkli, P. & Thomann, H. 1975 Transition to turbulence in oscillatory pipe flow. J. Fluid Mech. 68, 567–575.Google Scholar
Miesen, R., Beijnon, G., Duijvestijn, P. E. M., Oliemans, R. V. A. & Verheggen, T. 1992 Interfacial waves in core-annular flow. J. Fluid Mech. 238, 97–117.Google Scholar
Monkewitz, M. A. 1983 Lineare stabilitätsuntersuchungen an den oszillierenden grenzschichte n von Stokes. PhD thesis no. 7297, Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich, Switzerland.
Monkewitz, P. A. & Bunster, A. 1987 The stability of the Stokes layers: visual observations and some theoretical considerations. In Stability of Time Dependent and Spatially Varying Flows (ed. D. L. Dwoyer & M. Y. Hussaini), pp. 244–260. Springer.
Nychas, S. G., Hershey, H. C. & Brodkey, R. S. A. 1973 Visual study of turbulent shear flow. J. Fluid Mech. 61, 513–540.Google Scholar
Ohmi, M., Iguchi, M., Kakehachi, K. & Masuda, T. 1982 Transition to turbulence and velocity distribution in an oscillating pipe flow. Bull. JSME 25, 365–371.Google Scholar
Oliemans, R. V. A. & Ooms, G. 1986 Core–annular flow of oil and water through a pipeline. In Multiphase Science and Technology (ed. G. F. Hewitt, J. M. Delhaya & N. Zuber), vol. 2, chap.6. Hemisphere.
Panton, R. L. 1984 Incompressible flow. John Wiley & Sons.
Perry, A. E., Lim, T. T. & Teh, E. W. 1981 A visual study of turbulent spots. J. Fluid Mech. 104, 387–405.Google Scholar
Ramaprian, B. R. 1984 A review of experiments in periodic turbulent pipe flow. In Unsteady Turbulent Boundary Layers and Friction, ASME, FED-12, 1–16.
Ramaprian, B. R. & Tu, S. W. 1983 Fully developed periodic turbulent pipe flow. Part 2. The detailed structure of the flow. J. Fluid Mech. 137, 59–113.Google Scholar
Rashidi, M. & Banerjee, S. 1990 The effect of boundary conditions and shear rate on streak formation and breakdown in turbulent channel flows. Phys. Fluids A 2(10), 1827–1838.Google Scholar
Robinson, S. K. 1991 Coherent motions in the turbulent boundary layer. Ann. Rev. Fluid Mech. 23, 601–639. (See also, NASA Tech. Mem. 103859, 1991.)Google Scholar
Robinson, S. K. & Kline, S. J. 1990 Turbulent boundary layer structure: progress, status and challenges. In Structure of Turbulence and Drag Reduction (ed. A. Gyr), pp. 3–32. Springer.
Sandham, N. D. & Kleiser, L. 1992 The late stages of transition to turbulence in channel flow. J. Fluid Mech. 245, 319–348.Google Scholar
Sarpkaya, T. 1966 Experimental determination of the critical Reynolds number for pulsating Poiseuille flow. Trans ASME D: J. Basic Engng 88, 589–598.Google Scholar
Sarpkaya, T. 1971 On stationary and travelling vortex breakdowns. J. Fluid Mech. 45, 545–559.Google Scholar
Sarpkaya, T. 1976 Vortex shedding and resistance in harmonic flow about smooth and rough circular cylinders at high Reynolds numbers. Naval Postgraduate School Tech. Rep. NPS-59SL 76021, Monterey, CA.
Sarpkaya, T. 1978 Hydrodynamic resistance of roughened cylinders in harmonic flow. J. R. Inst. Naval Arch. 2, 41–55.Google Scholar
Sarpkaya, T. 1983 Trailing vortices in homogeneous and density-stratified media. J. Fluid Mech. 136, 85–109.Google Scholar
Sarpkaya, T. 1986a In-line and transverse forces on smooth and rough cylinders in oscillatory flow at high Reynolds numbers. Naval Postgraduate School Tech. Rep. NPS-69-86-003, Monterey, CA.
Sarpkaya, T. 1986b Oscillating flow over bluff bodies in a U-shaped water tunnel. In Proc. AGARD Symp. on Aerodyn. and Related Hydrodyn. Studies Using Water Facilities, pp. 6.1–6.15.
Sergeev, S. I. 1966 Fluid oscillations in pipes at moderate Reynolds numbers. Fluid Dyn. 1, 121–122.Google Scholar
Smith, C. R., Walker, J. D. A., Haidari, A. H. & Sobrun, U. 1991 On the dynamics of near-wall turbulence. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. A 336, 131–175.Google Scholar
Spalart, P. R. & Baldwin, B. S. 1989 Direct simulation of a turbulent oscillating boundary layer. In Turbulent Shear Flows 6, pp. 417–440. Springer.
Tardu, S. F., Binder, G. & Blackwelder, R. F. 1987 Response of turbulence to large amplitude oscillations in channel flow. In Advances in Turbulence (ed. G. Comte-Bellot & J. Mathieu), pp. 546–555. Springer.
Uzkan, T. & Reynolds, W. C. 1967 A shear-free turbulent free turbulent boundary layer. J. Fluid Mech. 28, 803–821.Google Scholar
Yang, K.-S., Spalart, P. R. & Ferziger, J. H. 1992 Numerical studies of natural transition in a decelerating boundary layer. J. Fluid Mech. 240, 433–468.Google Scholar
Yih, C.-S. 1967 Instability due to viscous stratification. J. Fluid Mech. 27, 337–352.Google Scholar