Adams Parham, Angel. “Diaspora, Community, and Communication: Internet Use in Transnational Haiti.” Global Networks, Vol. 4, No. 2 (April 2004): 199–217.
,Afghans4Tomorrow. 2005 Newsletter. Available at: http://www.afghans4 tomorrow.com/pdf/RevisedA4T121305.pdf. Accessed July 21, 2006.
,Africast.com. “Poet's Son held by ‘Web’ Police in Egypt.” November 26, 2001. Africast.com.
Anderson, Benedict. Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origins and Spread of Nationalism. London: Verso, 1991.
Anderson, Mary B. Do No Harm: How Aid Can Support Peace – Or War. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner Publishers, 1999.
Andraws, George. Founder of MyCopticChurch.com. Personal interview by Jennifer M. Brinkerhoff, May 27, 2003.
Anheier, Helmut and Kendall, Jeremy. “Interpersonal Trust and Voluntary Associations: Examining Three Approaches.” British Journal of Sociology, Vol. 53, No. 3 (September 2002): 343–363.
,Anonymous. “Diaspora Humanitarian Assistance to Armenia in the Last Decade.” Paper prepared for the Armenia Diaspora Conference, Yerevan, September 22–23, 1999. http://www.armeniadiaspora.com/conference99/humanitarian.html.
Aoki, Kumiko. Virtual Communities in Japan. (ftp://ftp.sunsite,udc.edu/ academic/comms/papers). November 1994.
Appadurai, Arjun. “The Capacity to Aspire: Culture and the Terms of Recognition.” In Vijayendra, Rao and Walton, Michael, eds. Culture and Public Action. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2004.
,Appreciative Inquiry Commons. “AI History and Timeline.”Available at: http://appreciativeinquiry.case.edu/intro/timeline.cfm. Accessed December 11, 2007.
Armstrong, John A. “Mobilized and Proletarian Diasporas.” American Political Science Review, Vol. 70, No. 2 (June 1976): 393–408.
Asmallash, Malugetah. Remarks on the Dir Foundation Coffee project in Ethiopia. Policy Seminar on Migration and Development: Diasporas and Policy Dialogue. African Development Policy Centre with support from the Dutch Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Institute of Social Studies, The Hague, October 24, 2007.
Awan, Akil N. “Virtual Jihadist Media: Function, Legitimacy, and Radicalizing Efficacy.” European Journal of Cultural Studies, Vol. 10, No. 3 (August 2007): 389–408.
Ayón, David R. “Long Road to the Vota Postal: Mexican Policy and People of Mexican Origin in the U.S.” Policy Paper, No. 6. Berkeley, CA: Center for Latin American Studies, University of California, Berkeley, February 2006. Available at: http://socrates.berkeley.edu:7001/Publications/workingpapers/policypapers/AyonWeb.pdf. Accessed July 26, 2006.
Ayres, Jeffrey M. “From the Streets to the Internet: The Cyber-Diffusion of Contention.” Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, Vol. 566, No. 1 (November 1999): 132–143.
Bandura, Albert. Self-Efficacy: The Exercise of Control. New York: Freeman, 1997.
Baogang, He and Sautman, Barry. “The Politics of the Dalai Lama's New Initiative for Autonomy.” Pacific Affairs, Vol. 78, No. 4 (Winter 2005/2006): 601–629.
Barber, Benjamin R. Jihad vs. McWorld: How Globalism and Tribalism are Reshaping the World. New York: Ballantine Books, 1995.
Barber, Brian. “Political Violence, Social Integration, and Youth Functioning: Palestinian Youth from the Intifada.” Journal of Community Psychology, Vol. 29, No. 3 (May 2001): 259–280.
Battera, Frederico. “State- & Democracy-Building in Sub-Saharan Africa: The Case of Somaliland – A Comparative Perspective.” Global Jurist Frontiers, Vol. 4, No. 1 (January 2004): 1–21.
Baumann, Martin. “Conceptualizing Diaspora: The Preservation of Religious Identity in Foreign Parts, Exemplified by Hindu Communities Outside India.” Temenos, Vol. 31 (1995): 19–35.
Benhabib, Seyla. Situating the Self. Cambridge: Polity Press, 1992.
Bennett, Daniel and Fielding, Pam. The Net Effect: How Cyberadvocacy Is Changing the Political Landscape. Capital Advantage: New York, 1999.
Bernal, Victoria. “Diaspora, Cyberspace, and Political Imagination: The Eritrean Diaspora Online.” Global Networks, Vol. 6, No. 2 (April-June 2006): 161–179.
Berry, John W. “Immigration, Acculturation, and Adaptation.” Applied Psychology: An International Review, Vol. 46, No. 1 (January 1997): 5–34.
Bhatia, Sunil and Ram, Anjali. “Locating the Dialogical Self in the Age of Transnational Migrations, Border Crossings and Diasporas.” Culture & Psychology, Vol. 7, No. 3 (September 2001): 297–309.
Biao, Xiang. “Promoting Knowledge Exchange Through Diaspora Networks (The Case of the People's Republic of China).” In Wescott, Clay and Brinkerhoff, Jennifer M., eds. Converting Migration Drains into Gains: Harnessing the Resources of Overseas Professionals. Manila: Asian Development Bank, 2006: 33–72.
Birch, Anthony H. “Economic Models in Political Science: The Case of ‘Exit, Voice, and Loyalty.’” British Journal of Political Science, Vol. 5, No. 1 (January 1975): 69–82.
Bourdieu, Pierre. “The Forms of Capital.” In Richardson, John G., ed. Handbook of Theory and Research for the Sociology of Education. New York: Greenwood Press, 1986: 241–258.
Brainard, Lori A. “Citizen Organizing in Cyberspace: Illustrations from Health Care and Implications for Public Administration.” American Review of Public Administration, Vol. 33, No. 4 (December 2003): 384–406.
Brainard, Lori A. and Brinkerhoff, Jennifer M.. “Sovereignty Under Siege or a Circuitous Path to Strengthening the State?: Digital Diasporas and Human Rights.” International Journal of Public Administration, Vol. 9, No. 8 (2006): 595–618.
Brainard, Lori A. and Brinkerhoff, Jennifer M..“Lost in Cyberspace: Shedding Light on the Dark Matter of Grassroots Organizations.” Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, Vol. 33, No. 3 Supplement (September 2004): 32S–53S.
Brainard, Lori A. and Siplon, Patricia D.. “Toward Nonprofit Organization Reform in the Voluntary Spirit: Lessons from the Internet.” Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, Vol. 33, No. 3 (September 2004): 435–457.
Brainard, Lori and Siplon, Patricia. “Cyberspace Challenges to Mainstream Non-Profit Health Organizations.” Administration & Society, Vol. 34, No. 2 (2002a): 141–175.
Brainard, Lori and Siplon, Patricia. “The Internet and NGO-Government Relations: Injecting Chaos into Order.” Public Administration and Development, Vol. 22, No. 1 (2002b): 63–72.
Brewer, Marilynn B. “Reducing Prejudice Through Cross-Categorization: Effects of Multiple Social Identities.” In Oskamp, Stuart, ed. Reducing Prejudice and Discrimination. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum, 2000: 165–84.
Brinkerhoff, Derick W. and Taddesse, Samuel. “Recruiting from the Diaspora: The Local Governance Program in Iraq.” In Brinkerhoff, Jennifer M., ed. Diasporas and Development: Exploring the Potential. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner Publishers, Inc., 2008: 67–87.
Brinkerhoff, Jennifer M. “Diaspora Identity and the Potential for Violence: Toward an Identity-Mobilization Framework.” Identity: An International Journal of Theory and Research, Vol. 8, No. 1 (January 2008a): 67–88.
Brinkerhoff, Jennifer M. “Diaspora Philanthropy in an At-Risk Society: The Case of Coptic Orphans in Egypt.” Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, Vol. 37, No. 2 (September 2008b): 411–433.
Brinkerhoff, Jennifer M. “Contributions of Digital Diasporas to Governance Reconstruction in Post-Conflict and Fragile States: Potential and Promise.” In Brinkerhoff, Derick W., ed. Governance in Post-Conflict Societies: Rebuilding Fragile States. London: Routledge, 2007: 185–203.
Brinkerhoff, Jennifer M. “Digital Diasporas and Conflict Prevention: The Case of Somalinet.com.” Review of International Studies, Vol. 32, No. 1 (January 2006a): 25–47.
Brinkerhoff, Jennifer M. “Diaspora Mobilization Factors and Policy Options.” In Wescott, Clay and Brinkerhoff, Jennifer M., eds. Converting Migration Drains into Gains: Harnessing the Resources of Overseas Professionals. Manila: Asian Development Bank, 2006b: 127–153.
Brinkerhoff, Jennifer M. “Digital Diasporas and Semi-Authoritarian States: The Case of the Egyptian Copts.” Public Administration and Development, Vol. 25, No. 3 (August 2005): 193–204.
Brinkerhoff, Jennifer M. “Digital Diasporas and International Development: Afghan-Americans and the Reconstruction of Afghanistan.” Public Administration and Development, Vol. 24, No. 5 (December 2004): 397–413.
Brinkerhoff, Jennifer M.“Global Public Policy, Partnership, and the Case of the World Commission on Dams.” Public Administration Review, Vol. 62, No. 3 (May/June 2002a): 317–329.
Brinkerhoff, Jennifer M. Partnership for International Development: Rhetoric or Results?Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner Publishers, Inc., 2002b.
Brinkerhoff, Jennifer M. and Brinkerhoff, Derick W.. “Government-Nonprofit Relations in Comparative Perspective: Evolution, Themes, and New Directions.” Public Administration and Development, Vol. 22, No. 1 (February 2002): 3–18.
Brophy, Peter and Halpin, Edward. “Through the Net to Freedom: Information, the Internet and Human Rights.” Journal of Information Science, Vol. 25, No. 5 (October 1999): 351–64.
Brynen, Rex. “Diaspora Populations and Security Issues in Host Countries.” Paper presented at the Metropolis Interconference Seminar “Immigrants and the Homeland.” Dubrovnik, Croatia, May 9-12, 2002. Available at: http://international.metropolis.net/events/croatia/brynen.pdf. Accessed June 15, 2008.
Burt, Ronald S. “The Network Structure of Social Capital.” In Sutton, Robert I. and Staw, Barry M., eds. Research in Organizational Behavior, Vol. 22. Greenwich, CT: JAI Press, 2000: 345–423.
Bush, Richard. “Survival of the Nonprofit Spirit in a For-Profit World.” Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, Vol. 12, No. 4 (Winter 1992): 391–410.
Butler, Kim D. “Defining Diaspora, Refining a Discourse.” Diaspora, Vol. 10, No. 2 (Fall 2001): 189–218.
Byman, Daniel, Chalk, Peter, Hoffman, Bruce, Rosenau, William, and Brannan, David. Trends in Outside Support for Insurgent Movements. Santa Monica, CA: Rand Corporation, 2001.
Cabras, Alessandra. “Beyond the Internet: Democracy on the Phone?” In Mazarr, Michael J., ed. Information Technology and World Politics. New York: Palgrave MacMillan, 2002: 85–99.
Cameron, Maxwell A., ed. To Walk Without Fear: The Global Movement to Ban Landmines. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998.
,Central Intelligence Agency. Central Intelligence Factbook. Washington, DC: Author, 2006.
Chaliand, Gérard and Rageau, Jean-Pierre. The Penguin Atlas of Diasporas. New York: Penguin, 1997.
Chandra, Kanchan. “Ethnic Bargains, Group Instability, and Social Choice Theory.” Politics & Society, Vol. 29, No. 3 (September 2001): 337–362.
Chung, Jae Ho. “Challenging the State: Falungong and Regulatory Dilemmas in China.” In Montgomery, John D. and Glazer, Nathan, eds. How Governments Respond: Sovereignty Under Challenge. New Brunswick and London: Transaction Publishers, 2002: 83–106.
Clifford, James. “Diasporas.” Cultural Anthropology, Vol. 9, No. 3 (August 1994): 302–338.
Clifford, James. The Predicament of Culture: Twentieth Century Ethnography, Literature, and Art. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1988.
Coffman, Elesha. “Lost in America: Arab Christians in the US Have a Rich Heritage and a Shaky Future.” Christianity Today, March 26, 2004. Available at: http://www.christianitytoday.com/ct/2004/004/2.38.html. Accessed July 28, 2006.
Cohen, Robin. Global Diasporas: An Introduction. London: UC London Press, 1997.
Cohen, Robin. “Diasporas and the Nation-State: From Victims to Challengers.” International Affairs, Vol. 72, No. 3 (July 1996): 507–520.
Coleman, James S. Foundations of Social Theory. Cambridge, MA: Belknap-Harvard University Press, 1990.
Coleman, James S. “Social Capital in the Creation of Human Capital.” Supplement: “Organizations and Institutions: Sociological and Economic Approaches to the Analysis of Social Structure.”American Journal of Sociology, Vol. 94 (Supplement 1988): S95–S120.
Coll, Steve, and Glasser, Susan B.. “Terrorists Turn to the Web as Base of Operations.” The Washington Post, August 7, 2005, A1.
Collier, Paul, Elliott, Lani, Hegre, Havard, Hoeffler, Anke, Reynol-Querol, Marta, and Sambanis, Nicholas. Breaking the Conflict Trap: Civil War and Development Policy. Washington, DC: The World Bank and Oxford University Press, 2003.
Collier, Paul and Hoeffler, Anke. “Greed and Grievances in Civil War.” Policy Research Working Paper No. 2355. Washington, DC: The World Bank, 2001.
Orphans, Coptic. Building Bridges: 2003 Annual Report. Merrifield, VA: Coptic Orphans, 2004.
Cortini, Michela, Mininni, Guiseppe, and Manuti, Amelia. “The Diatextual Construction of the Self in Short Message Systems.” Identity: An International Journal of Theory and Research, Vol. 4, No. 4 (October 2004): 355–370.
Coston, Jennifer M. “Grassroofs Organizations and Influencing Public Policy Processes: Lessons from Around the World.” International Journal of Organization Theory and Behavior, Vol. 2, Nos. 1 & 2 (January/February 1999): 1–26.
Cramer, Christopher and Goodhand, Jonathan. “Try Again, Fail Again, Fail Better? War, the State, and the ‘Post Conflict’ Challenge in Afghanistan.” Development and Change, Vol. 33, No. 5 (November 2002): 885–909.
Crescenzi, Antonella, Ketzer, Eva, Ommeren, Mark, Phuntsok, Kalsang, Komproe, Ivan, and Jong, Joop T.V.M. “Effect of Political Imprisonment and Trauma History on Recent Tibetan Refugees in India.” Journal of Trauma Stress, Vol. 15, No. 5 (October 2002): 369–375.
Curry, Andrew. “War and Exile.”US News & World Report, Vol. 131, No. 16 (October 12, 2001): 42–45.
Curtis, James E., Baer, Douglas E., and Grabb, Edward G.. “Nations of Joiners: Explaining Voluntary Association Membership in Democratic Societies.” American Sociological Review, Vol. 66, No. 6 (December 2001): 783–805.
D'Souza, Dinesh. “Ten Great Reasons to Celebrate.”Washington Times, July 4, 2002, A16.
Dade, Carlo. “Policy Considerations for Working with Diaspora Populations.” Keynote speech to “Diasporas as Wealth Creators” Workshop, Jönköping, Sweden, April 6-7, 2006. Available at: http://www.diwec.org/Downloads. htm. Accessed July 23, 2006.
Dahan, Michael and Sheffer, Gabriel. “Ethnic Groups and Distance Shrinking Communication Technologies.” Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, Vol. 7, No. 1 (Spring 2001): 85–107.
Dahles, Heidi. “Venturing Across Borders: Investment Strategies of Singapore-Chinese Entrepreneurs in Mainland China.” Asian Journal of Social Science, Vol. 32, No. 1 (March 2004): 19–41.
Danitz, Tiffany and Strobel, Warren P.. “Networking Dissent: Cyber Activists Use the Internet to Promote Democracy in Burma.” Virtual Diplomacy Series, No. 3. Washington, DC: United States Institute of Peace, February 2000.
Dartnell, Michael. “Information Technology and the Web Activism of the Revolutionary Association of the Women of Afghanistan (RAWA) – Electronic Politics and New Global Conflict.” In Latham, Robert, ed. Bombs and Bandwidth: The Emerging Relationship Between Information Technology and Security. New York and London: The New Press, 2003: 251–267.
Dichter, Thomas W. Despite Good Intentions: Why Development Assistance to the Third World has Failed. Amherst and Boston: University of Massachusetts Press, 2003.
Diener, Ed. “Subjective Well-Being.” Psychological Bulletin, Vol. 95, No. 3 (May 1984): 542–75.
Diener, Ed and Biswas-Diener, Robert. “Psychological Empowerment and Subjective Well-Being.” In Narayan, Deepa, ed. Measuring Empowerment: Cross-Disciplinary Perspectives. Washington, DC: The World Bank, 2005: 125–140.
Douglas, James. “Political Theories of Nonprofit Organization.” In Powell, Walter W. and Clemens, Elizabeth S., eds. Private Action and the Public Good. New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 1998: 43–54.
Duffield, Mark. Global Governance and the New Wars: The Merging of Development and Security. London and New York: Zed Press, 2001.
Dutton, William H. and Lin, Wan-Ying. “Using the Web in the Democratic Process. The Web-Orchestrated ‘Stop the Overlay’ Cyber-Campaign.” European Review, Vol. 9, No. 2 (May 2001): 185–199.
Edgerton, Robert B. “Traditional Beliefs and Practices – Are Some Better than Others?” In Harrison, Lawrence E., and Huntington, Samuel P., eds. Culture Matters: How Values Shape Human Progress. New York: Basic Books, 2000: 126–140.
Elgindy, Khaled. “Diaspora Troublemakers: Is the Organized Coptic Community in the US Doing more Harm than Good?” Cairo Times, Vol. 2, No. 25 (February 4, 1999). Available at: http://www.cairotimes.com/content/issues/copts/expats.html. Accessed July 24, 2002.
Elkins, David. “Globalization, Telecommunication, and Virtual Ethnic Communities.” International Political Science Review, Vol. 18, No. 2 (April 1997): 139–152.
Elnur, Ibrahim. “11 September and the Widening North-South Gap: Root Causes of Terrorism in the Global Order.” Arab Studies Quarterly, Vol. 25, Nos. 1 & 2 (Winter 2003): 57–70.
Erikson, Erik H. “‘Identity Crisis’ in Perspective.”In Erikson, Erik H. Life History and the Historical Moment. New York: Norton, 1975: 17–18.
Esman, Milton. “The Factors Conducive to Diaspora Investment: Comparing China, Armenia, and Ireland.” In Brinkerhoff, Jennifer M., ed. Diasporas and Development: Exploring the Potential. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner Publishers, Inc., 2008: 99–111.
Esman, Milton J. Ethnic Politics. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1994.
Esman, Milton J. “Diasporas and International Relations.” In Sheffer, Gabriel, ed. Modern Diasporas in International Politics. London and Sydney: Croom Helm, 1986: 333–349.
Faist, Thomas. “‘Extension du Domaine de la Lutte’: International Migration and Security Before and After September 11, 2001.” International Migration Review, Vol. 36, No. 1 (March 2002): 7–14.
Falk, Richard A. Human Rights and State Sovereignty. New York: Homes & Meier Publishers, 1981.
Farag, Phoebe. Personal Communication with Jennifer M. Brinkerhoff, December 6, 2007.
Farag, Phoebe. International Program Director, Coptic Orphans. Personal Interview by Jennifer M. Brinkerhoff, January 21, 2004.
Fargues, Philippe. “Demographic Islamization: Non-Muslims in Muslim Countries.” SAIS Review, Vol. 21, No. 2 (Summer-Fall 2001): 103–116.
Fearon, James D. and Laitin, David D.. “Explaining Interethnic Cooperation.” The American Political Science Review, Vol. 90, No. 4 (December 1996): 715–735.
Florini, Ann, ed. The Third Force: The Rise of Transnational Civil Society. Washington, DC: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 2000.
Fontaine, Thomson with Brinkerhoff, Jennifer M.. “National Development Planning: The Case of Dominica.” In Brinkerhoff, Jennifer M., ed. Diasporas and International Development: Exploring the Potential. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner Publishers, Inc., 2008: 185–203.
Foster, Derek. “Community and Identity in the Electronic Village.” In Porter, David, ed. Internet Culture. New York: Routledge, 1996: 23–37.
Fox, Gregory H. “New Approaches to International Human Rights: The Sovereign State Revisited.” In Hashmi, Sohail H., ed. State Sovereignty: Change and Persistence in International Relations. University Park, PA: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1997: 105–130.
Franklin, Marianne I. “I Define My Own Identity: Pacific Articulations of ‘Race’ and ‘Culture’ on the Internet.” Ethnicities, Vol. 3, No. 4 (December 2003): 465–490.
Friedman, Jonathan. Cultural Identity and Global Process. London and Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, 1994.
Fuller, Gary A., Murphy, Alexander B, Ridgley, Mark A., and Ulack, Richard. “Measuring Potential Ethnic Conflict in Southeast Asia.” Growth and Change, Vol. 31, No. 2 (Spring 2000): 305–331.
Gajjala, Radhika. “South Asian Digital Diasporas and Cyberfeminist Webs: Negotiating Globalization, Nation, Gender and Information Technology Design.” Contemporary South Asia, Vol. 12, No. 1 (March 2003): 41–56.
Galston, William A. “The Impact of the Internet on Civic Life: An Early Assessment.” In Ciulla Kamarck, Elaine and Nye, Jr. Joseph S., eds. Governance.com: Democracy in the Information Age. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press, 2002: 40–58.
Galtung, Johan. Peace by Peaceful means: Peace and Conflict, Development and Civilization. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, 1996.
Gamlen, Alan. “The Brain Drain is Dead, Long Live the New Zealand Diaspora.” Working Paper No. 10. Oxford, UK: University of Oxford, Centre on Migration, Policy and Society, 2005.
Geertz, Clifford. Islam Observed: Religious Developments in Morocco and Indonesia. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1968.
Gergen, Kenneth J. “Social Understanding and the Inscription of Self.” In Stigler, James W., Shweder, Richard A., and Herdt, Gilbert, eds. Cultural Psychology: Essays on Comparative Human Development. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990: 233–40.
Giddens, Anthony. Modernity and Self-Identity: Self and Society in the Late Modern Age. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1991.
Gillespie, Kate and Andriasova, Anna. “Supporting Business Development: The Experience of Armenia.” In Brinkerhoff, Jennifer M., ed. Diasporas and Development: Exploring the Potential. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner Publishers, 2008: 113–131.
Gillespie, KateSayre, Edward, and Riddle, Liesl. “Palestinian Interest in Homeland Investment.” Middle East Journal, Vol. 55, No. 2 (Spring 2001): 237–255.
Gillespie, Kate, Riddle, Liesl, Sayre, Edward, and Sturges, David. “Diaspora Homeland Investment.” Journal of International Business Studies, Vol. 30, No. 3 (Summer 1999): 623–634.
Gilroy, Paul. The Black Atlantic: Modernity and Double Consciousness. London: Verso, 1993.
Gilroy, Paul. There Ain't no Black in the Union Jack. London: Hutchinson, 1987.
Gissinger, Ranvieg and Petter Gleditch, Nils. “Globalization and Conflict: Welfare, Distribution, and Political Unrest.” Journal of World Systems Research, Vol. 5, No. 2 (Summer 1999): 274–300.
Gittel, Ross and Vidal, Avis. Community Organizing: Building Social Capital as a Development Strategy. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, 1998.
Glasser, Susan B. and Coll, Steve. “The Web as Weapon; Zarqawi Intertwines Acts on Ground in Iraq With Propaganda Campaign on the Internet.” The Washington Post, August 9, 2005, A1.
,Global Commission on International Migration. Migration in an Interconnected World: New Directions for Action. Geneva: Author, 2005. Available at: http://www.gcim.org/en/. Accessed February 3, 2006.
Goldstein, Melvyn. “Tibet, China, and the United States: Reflections on the Tibet Question.” Washington, DC: Atlantic Council of the United States, 1995.
Graham, Mark and Shahram, Khosravi. “Reordering Public and Private in Iranian Cyberspace: Identity, Politics, and Mobilization.” Identities: Global Studies in Culture and Power, Vol. 9, No. 2 (April-June 2002): 219–246.
Granger, Robert. Co-Director of Thamel International. Personal Interview by Jennifer M. Brinkerhoff, September 17, 2004.
Greig, J Michael. “The End of Geography? Globalization, Communications, and Culture in the International System.” Journal of Conflict Resolution, Vol. 46, No. 2 (April 2002): 225–243.
Griffin, Larry. “Narrative, Event-Structure Analysis, and Causal Interpretation in Historical Sociology.” American Journal of Sociology, Vol. 98, No. 5 (March 1993): 1094–1133.
Grosfoguel, Ramón and Cordero-Guzmán, Héctor. “International Migration in a Global Context: Recent Approaches to Migration Theory.” Diaspora: A Journal of Transnational Studies, Vol. 7, No. 3 (Winter 1998): 351–368.
Guarnizo, Luis Edwardo and Diaz, Luz M.. “Transnational Migration: A View from Colombia.” Ethnic and Racial Studies, Vol. 22, No. 2 (March 1999): 397–421.
Guarnizo, Luis Edwardo, Portes, Alejandro, and Haller, William. “Assimilation and Transnationalism: Determinants of Transnational Political Action Among Contemporary Migrants.” American Journal of Sociology, Vol. 108, No. 6 (May 2003): 1211–1248.
Gunderson, Lee. “Voice of the Teenage Diasporas.” Journal of Adolescent & Adult Literacy, Vol. 43, No. 8 (May 2000): 692–706.
Gyari, Kasur Lodi Gyaltsen. Special Envoy of His Holiness the Dalai Lama. “Statement by Special Envoy of His Holiness the Dalai Lama, Kasur Lodi Gyaltsen Gyari.” Central Tibetan Administration Press Release, May 8, 2008. Available at: http://www.tibet.net/en/prelease/2008/080508.html. Accessed June 19, 2008.
Hall, Stuart. “Old and New Identities, Old and New Ethnicities.” In Douglas King, Anthony, ed. Culture, Globalization and the World-System. Houndmills, UK: Macmillan, 1991: 41–68.
Hall, Stuart. “Cultural Identity and Diaspora.” In Rutherford, Jonathan, ed. Identity: Community, Culture, Difference. London: Lawrence, 1990: 222–237.
Hammar, Tomas. Democracy and the Nation-State: Aliens, Denizens and Citizens in a World of International Migratin. Aldershot, UK: Avebury, 1990.
Hampton, Keith N. and Wellman, Barry. “The Not so Global Village of Netville.” In Wellman, Barry and Haythornthwaite, Caroline, eds. The Internet and Everyday Life. Oxford, UK: Blackwell, 2002: 345–371.
Hanafi, Sari. “Reshaping Geography: Palestinian Community Networks in Europe and the New Media.” Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, Vol. 31, No. 3 (May 2005): 581–198.
Hanifi, Shah Mahmoud. “Material and Social Remittances to Afghanistan.” In Wescott, Clay and Brinkerhoff, Jennifer M., eds. Converting Migration Drains into Gains: Harnessing the Resources of Overseas Professionals. Manila: Asian Development Bank, 2006: 72–93.
Hansen, M.L. “The Study of Man: The Third Generation in America. A Classic Essay in Immigrant History.” Commentary, (1952): 492–500.
Hansmann, Henry. “Economic Theories of Nonprofit Organization.” In Powell, Walter W., ed. The Nonprofit Sector: A Research Handbook. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1987: 27–42.
Hashmi, Sohail H. “Introduction.” In Hashmi, Sohail H., ed. State Sovereignty: Change and Persistence in International Relations. University Park, PA: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1997: 1–14.
Haynes, Jeff. “Religion, Secularisation, and Politics: A Postmodern Conspectus.” Third World Quarterly, Vol. 18, No. 4 (December 1997): 709–728.
Heath, Jennifer and Shapiro, Sheryl. “Report from Afghanistan. A Summary of a Humanitarian Journey to Afghanistan, 2003.”Available at: http://www. taparts.org/TAPdocs/afghanreport.pdf.Accessed September 13, 2003.
Helland, Christopher. “Diaspora on the Electronic Frontier: Developing Virtual Connections with Sacred Homelands.” Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, Vol. 12, No. 3 (April 2007): 956–976.
Henke, Tari. “Stewardship from Afar: An Entrepreneur from Nepal Promotes Community and Creates Jobs – From Half a World Away.” Global Envision, Creating Market Opportunities for People Worldwide, an Initiative of Mercy Corps, 2002–2003. Available at: http://www.globalenvision.org/library/14/242/6/. Accessed January 14, 2005.
Henry, Leroi and Mohan, Giles. “Making Homes: The Ghanaian Diaspora, Institutions and Development.” Journal of International Development, Vol. 15, No. 5 (June 2003): 611–622.
Hergnyan, Manuk and Makaryan, Anna. “The Role of the Diaspora in Generating Foreign Direct Investments in Armenia.” Armenian Journal of Public Policy, Vol. 2, No. 2 (January 2007): 259–294.
Hermans, Hubert and Kempen, Harry. “Moving Cultures: The Perilous Problems of Cultural Dichotomies in a Globalizing Society.” American Psychologist, Vol. 53, No. 10 (October 1998): 1111–1120.
Hernandez, Lynn, Montgomery, Marilyn J., and Kurtines, William M.. “Identity Distress and Adjustment Problems in At-Risk Adolescents.” Identity: An International Journal of Theory and Research, Vol. 6, No. 1 (January 2006): 27–33.
Hersant, Jeanne and Toumarkine, Alexandre. “Hometown Organisations in Turkey: An Overview.” European Journal of Turkish Studies, Thematic Issue No. 2, Hometown Organisations in Turkey, 2005. Available at: http://www.ejts.org/document397.html Accessed July 22, 2006.
Hewstone, Miles, Rubin, Mark and Willis, Hazel. “Intergroup Bias.”Annual Review of Psychology, Vol. 53 (2002): 575–604.
Hinkle, Steven, Fox-Cardamone, Lee, Haseleu, Julia A., Brown, Rupert, and Irwin, Lois M.. “Grassroots Political Action as an Intergroup Phenomenon.” Journal of Social Issues, Vol. 52, No. 1 (Spring 1996): 39–51.
Hirschman, Albert O. Exit, Voice, and Loyalty: Responses to Decline in Firms, Organizations, and States. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1970.
Howeidy, Amira. “Web Cats.” Al-Ahram Weekly Online, November 29, 2001. Available at: http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/2001/562/eg6.htm. Accessed July 30, 2006.
Hozic, Aida. “Hello. My Name is… : Articulating Loneliness in a Digital Diaspora.” Afterimage, Vol. 21, January 1, 2001: 1–9. Available at: http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m2479/is_4_28/ai_76560784/pg_1. Accessed December, 1, 2007.
Hulme, David and Edwards, Michael, eds. NGOs, States and Donors: Too Close for Comfort?St. Martin's Press, in association with Save the Children: New York, 1997.
Ibrahim, Youssef M. “US Bill has Egypt's Copts Squirming.” New York Times, April 12, 1998, I10.
Inglehart, Ronald. “Culture and Democracy.” In Harrison, Lawrence E., and Huntington, Samuel P., eds. Culture Matters: How Values Shape Human Progress. New York: Basic Books, 2000: 80–97.
,International Campaign for Tibet. “US Proposes New Tibetan Refugee Admissions Program.”Author, September 7, 2005. Available at: http://www. savetibet.org/news/newsitem.php?id=808. Accessed July 28, 2006.
,International Fund for Agricultural Development. Sending Money Home: Worldwide Remittance Flows to Developing Countries. Rome: Author, 2007. Available at: http://www.ifad.org/events/remittances/maps/index.htm Accessed November, 30, 2007.
Iskander, Natasha. “Diaspora Networks for Creating National Infrastructure: Rural Morocco, 1985–2005.” In Brinkerhoff, Jennifer M., ed. Diasporas and Development: Exploring the Potential. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner Publishers, Inc., 2008: 163–183.
Jacobsen, Michael and Lawson, Stephanie. “Between Globalization and Localization: A Case Study of Human Rights Versus State Sovereignty.” Global Governance, Vol. 5, No. 2 (April-June 1999): 203–220.
Jiménez, Efraín. “Presentación en Holanda.” NOVIB International Expert Meeting on Bridging the Gap: The Role of Migrants and their Remittances on Development. Noordwijk, the Netherlands, November 19-20, 2004. Available at: http://www.federacionzacatecana.org/index.php?sectionName= home&;subSection=news&story_id=238. Accessed July 23, 2006.
Joshi, Bal K. Personal Communication with Jennifer M. Brinkerhoff, December 6, 2007.
Joshi, Bal K. Cofounder and Managing Director of Thamel.com, Codirector of Thamel International. Personal Interview by Jennifer M. Brinkerhoff, September, 17, 2004a.
Joshi, Bal K. “Thamel.com – Serving Diaspora Communities Through ICT.” ICT Connections: Local Ideas, Global Applications. Center to Bridge the Digital Divide, Washington State University, October 1, 2004b. Available at: http://cbdd.typepad.com/global/2004/10/thamelcom_servi.html. Accessed January 14, 2005.
Joshi, Bal K. and Granger, Robert. “THAMEL: Reducing the Social, Cultural, and Economic Cost of Immigration through the Power of ICT.” The Global Knowledge Partnership, ICT Stories, September 23, 2003. Available at: http://www.iicd.org/stories/articles/Story.import5102/. Accessed January 14, 2005.
Kadende-Kaiser, Rose M. “The Internet's Mediation Potential in Protracted Conflicts: The Case of Burundi.” In Latham, Robert, ed. Bombs and Bandwidth: The Emerging Relationship Between Information Technology and Security. New York and London: The New Press, 2003: 268–278.
Kalathil, Shanthi. “Dot.Com for Dictators.” Foreign Policy, No. 135 (March/April 2003): 42–49.
Kalathil, Shanthi and Boas, Taylor C.. Open Networks, Closed Regimes: The Impact of the Internet on Authoritarian Rule. Washington, DC: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 2003.
Karim, Karim H. “Mapping Diasporic Mediascapes.” In Karim, Karim H., ed. The Media of Diaspora. London: Routledge, 2003a: 1–18.
Karim, Karim H., ed. The Media of Diaspora. London: Routledge, 2003b.
Kastoryano, Riva. “Muslim Diaspora(s) in Western Europe.” South Atlantic Quarterly, Vol. 98, Nos. 1 & 2 (Winter/Spring 1999): 191–202.
Katauskas, Ted. “He'll Get Your Goat.”Portland Monthly, (September, 2004): 36, 42.
Keck, Margaret and Sikkink, Katherine. Activists Beyond Borders: Transnational Advocacy Networks in International Politics. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1998.
Kelly, Caroline and Kelly, John. “Who Gets Involved in Collective Action?: Social Psychological Determinants of Individual Participation in Trade Unions.”Human Relations, Vol. 47, No. 1 (January 1994): 63–88.
Kerlin, Janelle. “Organizational Responses to Homeland Crisis: The US Afghan Diaspora.” In Brinkerhoff, Jennifer M., ed. Diasporas and Development: Exploring the Potential. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner Publishers, 2008: 29–44.
King, Charles and Melvin, Neil J.. “Diaspora Politics: Ethnic Linkages, Foreign Policy, and Security in Eurasia.”International Security, Vol. 24, No. 3 (Winter 1999/2000): 108–138.
King, David and Pomper, Miles. “The US Congress and the Contingent Influence of Diaspora Lobbies: Lessons from US Policy Toward Armenia and Azerbaijan.” Journal of Armenian Studies, Vol. 8, No. 1 (Fall/Winter 2004): 72–98.
King, Tony. “Rhodesians in Hyperspace: The Maintenance of a National and Cultural Identity.” In Karim, Karim H., ed. The Media of Diaspora. London: Routledge, 2003: 177–188.
Klandermans, Bert. The Social Psychology of Protest. Oxford: Blackwell, 1997.
Klandermans, Bert and Oegema, Dirk. “Potentials, Networks, Motivations, and Barriers: Steps towards Participation in Social Movements.”American Sociological Review, Vol. 52, No. 4 (August 1987): 519–531.
Korten, David C. Getting to the 21st Century: Voluntary Action and the Global Agenda. West Hartford, CT: Kumarian Press, 1990.
Korten, David C. “Third Generation NGO Strategies: A Key to People- Centered Development.” World Development, Vol. 15, Supplement (Autumn 1987): 145–159.
Koslowski, Rey. “International Migration and the Globalization of Domestic Politics: A Conceptual Framework.” In Koslowski, Rey, ed. International Migration and the Globalization of Domestic Politics. Oxon, U.K and New York: Routledge, 2005: 5–32.
Krasner, Stephen D. Sovereignty: Organized Hypocrisy. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1999.
Lake, David A. and Rothchild, Donald, eds. The International Spread of Ethnic Conflict: Fear, Diffusion, and Escalation. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1996.
Lal, Vinay. “Terror and its Networks: Disappearing Trails in Cyberspace.” Paper presented at the Virtual Diasporas and Global Problem-Solving Workshop, sponsored by the Nautilus Institute and the World Affairs Council. Berkeley and San Francisco, California, April 25-26, 2002. Available at: http://www.nautilus.org/virtual-diasporas/paper/Lal.html. Accessed March 13, 2004.
Lal, Vinay. “The Politics of History on the Internet: Cyber-Diasporic Hinduism and the North American Hindu Diaspora.” Diaspora: A Journal of Transnational Studies, Vol. 8, No. 2 (Fall 1999): 137–172.
Lavie, Smadar and Swedenburg, Ted, eds. Displacement, Diaspora, and Geographies of Identity. Durham and London: Duke University Press, 1996.
Leatherman, Janie, DeMars, William, Gaffnew, Patrick D., and Vayrynen, Raimo. Breaking Cycles of Violence: Conflict Prevention in Intrastate Crises. West Hartford, CT: Kumarian Press, 1999.
Lemarchand, René. Exclusion, Marginalization and Political Mobilization: The Road to Hell in the Great Lakes. Bonn: Center for Development Research, 2000.
Levitt, Peggy. “Transnational Migration: Taking Stock and Future Directions.” Global Networks, Vol. 1, No. 3 (July 2001): 195–216.
Levitt, Peggy and Raphael, Dehesa. “Transnational Migration and the Redefinition of the State: Variations and Explanations.” Ethnic and Racial Studies, Vol. 26, No. 4 (July 2004): 587–611.
,Lewis and Clark College. “Alumni Profiles: Bal Joshi.” Portland, OR: Author, 2004. Available at: http://www.lclark.edu/dept/iso/alumniprofiles.html. Accessed January 14, 2005.
Lewis, I.M. A Pastoral Democracy. London: International African Institute, 1961 (Reprinted in 1982 by Africana Publishing Company).
Lindenberg, Marc and Bryant, Coralie. Going Global: Transforming Relief and Development NGOs. Bloomfield, CT: Kumarian Press, 2001.
Lipsky, Michael and Smith, Steven R. “Nonprofit Organizations, Government, and the Welfare State.” Political Science Quarterly, Vol. 104, No. 4 (Winter 1989-1990): 625–648.
Livingston, Steven. “Diplomacy in the New Information Environment.” Georgetown Journal of International Affairs, Vol. 4, No. 2 (Summer/Fall 2003): 111–116.
Louie, Andrea. “Creating Places Through Mobility: Chinese-American ‘Roots-Searching’ in China.” Identities, Vol. 8, No. 3 (September 2001): 343–379.
Lowell, B. Lindsay, and Garza, Rodolofo O.. The Developmental Role of Remittances in U.S. Latino Communities and in Latin American Countries: A Final Project Report. Washington, DC: Inter-American Dialogue and the Tomas Rivera Policy Institute, June, 2000.
Lowell, B. Lindsay and Gerova, Stefka G.. “Diasporas and Economic Development: State of Knowledge.” Washington, DC: Georgetown University Institute for the Study of International Migration, September 13, 2004. Available at: http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTGEP2006/Resources/LowellDiaspora. doc. Accessed July 14, 2006.
Lowell, B. Lindsay, Findlay, Allan, and Stewart, Emma. “Brain Strain: Optimising Highly Skilled Migration from Developing Countries.”Asylum and Migration Working Paper 3. London: Institute for Public Policy Research, August, 2004.
Lubkemann, Stephen. “Global Locals' and Political Process in War-torn Paper presented at the Nations: The Liberian Diaspora in War-Making and Peace-Building.” African Studies Association annual meeting, New Orleans, LA, November 11, 2004.
Mahler, Sarah J. “Migration and Transnational Issues: Recent Trends and Prospects for 2020.” Hamburg: Institut für Iberoamerika-Kunde, CA 2020 Working Paper No. 4, 2000.
Manchanda, Rita. “Politics-Nepal: Women Flocking to Ranks of Maoist Rebels.” Global Information Network. New York: November 3, 2004, 1.
Mansbridge, Jane. “On the Contested Nature of the Public Good.” In Powell, Walter W. and Clemens, Elizabeth S., eds. Private Action and the Public Good. New Haven, CT and London: Yale University Press, 1998: 3–19.
Maphosa, France. “ The Impact of Remittances from Zimbabweans Working in South Africa on Rural Livelihoods in the Southern Districts of Zimbabwe.” Forced Migration Working Paper Series, No. 4. Forced Migration Studies Program University of Witswatersrand, South Africa, January 2005. Available at: http://migration.wits.ac.za/Maphosa.pdf. Accessed July 22, 2006.
Marcus, Aliza. “Kurdish TV from Britain is Nationalist Voice.” Reuters World Service, May 15, 1995.
Margolis, Mac with Mazumdar, Sudip, Simons, Craig, Gurney, Kim, Chigbo, Maureen, Radcliffe, Liat, and Cunningham, Jaime. “Brain Gain; Sending Workers Abroad Doesn't Mean Squandering Minds. For Many Countries, Diaspora Talent is the Key to Success.” Newsweek, March 8, 2004, 30.
Margulies, Peter. “The Clear and Present Internet: Terrorism, Cyberspace, and The First Amendment.” UCLA Journal of Law and Technology, Vol. 8, No. 2 (Fall 2004). Available at: http://www.lawtechjournal.com/home/?cat=2. Accessed 15 June, 2008.
Mason, Victoria. “Children of the ‘Idea of Palestine’: Negotiating Identity, Belonging and Home in the Palestinian Diaspora.” Journal of Intercultural Studies, Vol. 28, No. 3 (August 2007): 271–285.
Matute-Bianchi, Maria Eugenia. “Situational Ethnicity and Patterns of School Performance among Immigrant and Nonimmigrant Mexican- Descent Students.” In Gibson, Margaret and Ogbu, John U., eds. Minority Status and Schooling: A Comparative Study of Immigrant and Involuntary Minorities. New York: Garland, 1991: 205–247.
Mayel, Tooba (Acting President and Public Relations Director), Hakim, Ferdous (Financial Director), and Amiryar, Hassib (Information Technology Director). Personal Interview by Lori A. Brainard and Jennifer M. Brinkerhoff, July 28, 2003.
Mbanzendore, Stéfanie. Chairperson of the Netherlands-based Burundian Women for Peace and Development. Focus group meeting on diasporas and development (organized by Oxfam Novib on behalf of Jennifer M. Brinkerhoff). The Hague, October 25, 2007.
McCormick, Glenn M. “Stateless Nations: ‘I Pledge Allegiance To…?’” In Mazarr, Michael J., ed. Information Technology and World Politics. New York: Palgrave MacMillan, 2002: 11–23.
McFerson, Hazel. “Rethinking Ethnic Conflict: Somalia and Fiji.” American Behavioral Scientist, Vol. 40, No. 1 (September 1996): 18–32.
McGranahan, Carole. “Truth, Fear, and Lies: Exile Politics and Arrested Histories of the Tibetan Resistance.”Cultural Anthropology, Vol. 24, No. 4 (November 2005): 570–600.
McLaughlin, Margaret L., Osborne, Kerry K., and Ellison, Nicole B.. “Virtual Community in a Telepresence Environment.” In Jones, Steven G., ed. Virtual Culture: Identity and Communication in Cybersociety. London and Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, 1997: 146–168.
Mele, Christopher. “Cyberspace and Disadvantaged Communities: The Internet as a Tool for Collective Action.” In Smith, Marc A. and Kollock, Peter, eds. Communities in Cyberspace. London: Routledge, 1999: 290–310.
Meraj, Abdul. Personal Communication, September 12, 2003.
Meraj, Abdul. Personal Interview by Lori A. Brainard and Jennifer M. Brinkerhoff, October 2, 2002.
Merz, Barbara Jean, Chen, Lincoln C, and Geithner, Peter F., eds. Diasporas and Development. Boston: Harvard University Press, 2007.
Meunier, Michael. President and CEO, US Copts Association. Personal Interview by Lori A. Brainard and Jennifer M. Brinkerhoff, December 17, 2002a.
Meunier, Michael. President and CEO U.S. Copts Association. Personal Interview by Jennifer Brinkerhoff, November 25, 2002b.
Meyer, John-Baptiste and Brown, Mercy. “Scientific Diasporas: A New Approach to the Brain Drain.” Prepared for the World Conference on Science, UNESCO-ICSU. Budapest, Hungary, 26 June-1 July, 1999.
Meyer, John-Baptiste, Charum, Jorge, Bernal, Dora, Gaillard, Jacques, Granés, José, Leon, John, Montenegro, Alvaro, Morales, Alvaro, Murcia, Carlos, Narvaez-Berthelemot, Nora, Parrado, Luz Stella, and Schlemmer, Bernard. “Turning Brain Drain into Brain Gain: The Colombian Experience of the Diaspora Option.” Science Technology and Society, Vol. 2, No. 2 (September 1997).
Montgomery, John D. “Sovereignty in Transition.” In Montgomery, John D. and Glazer, Nathan, eds. How Governments Respond: Sovereignty Under Challenge. New Brunswick and London: Transaction Publishers, 2002: 3–30.
Montgomery, John D. and Rondinelli, Dennis A, eds. Beyond Reconstruction in Afghanistan: Lessons from Development Experience. New York: Palgrave MacMillan, 2004.
Moya, Jose C. “Immigrants and Associations: A Global and Historical Perspective.” Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, Vol. 31, No. 5 (September 2005): 833–864.
Nafie, Ibrahim. “Domestic Threats to Peace: Sectarian Cashes in Alexandria Sound an Alarm it is Perilous to Ignore.” Al-Ahram Weekly, April 24, 2006. Available at: http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/2006/791/op1.htm. Accessed May 26, 2006.
Navarro, Sharon. “Border Narratives: The Politics of Identity and Mobilization.” Latin American Politics and Society, Vol. 45, No. 3 (Fall 2003): 129–139.
Ndofor-Tah, Carolyne. Diaspora and Development: Contributions by African Organisations in the UK to Africa's Development. Report Commissioned by the African Foundation for Development (AFFORD). London: Author, September 2000.
Nelson-Jones, Richard. “Diverse Goals for Multicultural Counselling and Therapy.” Counselling Psychology Quarterly, Vol. 15, No. 2 (June 2002): 133–143.
Nenova, Tatiana and Harford, Tim. “Anarchy and Invention: How Does Somalia's Private Sector Cope without Government?” Public Policy for the Private Sector, Note Number 280. Washington, DC: World Bank Group Private Sector Development Vice Presidency, November, 2004.
Northrup, Terrell. “The Dynamics of Identity in Personal and Social Conflict.” In Kriesberg, Louis, Northrop, Terrell and Thorson, Stuart, eds. Intractable Conflicts and their Transformation. Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press, 1989: 55–82.
Nudup, Dorjee. Founder, TibetBoard. Personal Interview by Jennifer M. Brinkerhoff, October 12, 2003.
Nyberg-Sorensen, Ninna. “The Development Dimension of Migrant Remittances.” Migration Policy Research Working Paper Series, 1, 2004. Available at http://www.iom.int//DOCUMENTS/PUBLICATION/EN/mpr1.pdf. Accessed January 14, 2005.
Nyberg-Sorensen, Ninna, Hear, Nicholas, and Engberg-Pedersen, Poul. “The Migration-Development Nexus: Evidence and Policy Options.” IOM Migration Research Series, No. 8. International Organization for Migration, July 2002.
Olad Hassan, Mohamed. “20 Members of Somalia's Parliament Resign.” Washington Post. The Associated Press, July 27, 2006. Available at: http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/07/27/AR2006072700392_pf.html. Accessed July 28, 2006.
Oleson, Asta. Islam and Politics in Afghanistan. London: Curzon Press, 1995.
Omar, Wahid. (Director of Education Department, Afghans4Tommorow). Afghans4Tomorrow, Department of Education: Report for the months of March/April, 2003. Available at: http://www.afghans4tomorrow.com. Accessed September 12, 2003.
Watch, OMB. “Senate Report on Homegrown Terrorism and the Internet Generates Criticism.” OMB Watch, Vol. 9, No. 11, May 28, 2008. Available at: http://www.ombwatch.org/article/articleview/4260/1/538. Accessed June 16, 2008.
Orozco, Manuel. “Conceptualizing Diasporas: Remarks about the Latino and Caribbean Experience.” Unpublished manuscript, 2005.
Orozco, Manuel. Hometown Associations and their Present and Future Partnerships: New Development Opportunities? Report commissioned by the U.S. Agency for International Development. Washington, DC: Inter-American Dialogue, September, 2003.
Orozco, Manuel with Lapointe, Michelle. “Mexican Hometown Associations and Development Opportunities.” Journal of International Affairs, Vol. 57, No. 2 (Spring 2004): 31–49.
Osman, Abdi. Founder, Somalinet.com. Personal Interview by Jennifer M. Brinkerhoff, October 2, 2003.
Ostrom, Elinor. Governing the Commons: The Evolution of Institutions for Collective Action. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1990.
Ostrom, Elinor, Gardner, Roy, and James, Walker. Rules, Games, and Common-Pool Resources. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1994.
Özerdem, Alpaslan. “The Mountain Tsunami: Afterthoughts on the Kashmir Earthquake.” Third World Quarterly, Vol. 27, No. 3 (2006): 397–419.
Panagakos, Anastasia N. “Downloading New Identities: Ethnicity, Technology, and Media in the Global Greek Village.” Identities: Global Studies in Culture and Power, Vol. 10, No. 2 (April-June 2003): 201–219.
Panagakos, Anastasia and Horst, Heather A, eds.“Return to Cyberia: Technology and the Social Worlds of Transnational Migrants.” Special Journal Issue of Global Networks, Vol. 6, No. 2 (April 2006).
Parker, David and Song, Miri. “Inclusion, Participation and the Emergence of British Chinese Websites.” Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, Vol. 33, No. 7 (September 2007): 1043–1061.
Parker, David and Song, Miri. “New Ethnicities Online: Reflexive Racialisation and the Internet.” Sociological Review, Vol. 54, No. 3 (August 2006): 575–594.
,Pew Research Center. Muslim Americans: Middle Class and Mostly Mainstream. Washington, DC: Author, 2007. Available at: http://pewresearch. org/assets/pdf/muslim-americans.pdf. Accessed June 16, 2008.
Phillips, Tommy M. and Pittman, Joe F.. “Identity Processes in Poor Adolescents: Exploring the Linkages Between Economic Disadvantage and the Primary Task of Adolescence.” Identity: An International Journal of Theory and Research, Vol. 3, No. 2 (April 2003): 115–129.
Philpott, Daniel. “Ideas and the Evolution of Sovereignty.” In Hashmi, Sohail H., ed. State Sovereignty: Change and Persistence in International Relations. University Park, PA: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1997: 15–47.
Pires-Hester, Laura. “The Emergence of Bilateral Diaspora Ethnicity Among Cape Verdean-Americans.” In Okpewho, Isidore, Davies, Carole Boyce, and Mazrui, Ali A., eds. The African Diaspora: African Origins and New World Identities. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1999: 485–503.
Popkin, Eric. “Transnational Migration and Development in Post-War Peripheral States: An Examination of Guatemalan and Salvadoran State Linkages with Their Migrant Populations in Los Angeles.”Current Sociology, Vol. 51, Nos. 3–4 (May 2003): 347–374.
Portes, Alejandro. Remarks at the Bellagio Dialogue on Migration, Closing Conference. Bellagio, Italy: The German Marshall Fund and The Rockefeller Foundation, July 14–15, 2006.
Portes, Alejandro. “Conclusion: Theoretical Convergencies and Empirical Evidence in the Study of Immigrant Transnationalism.” International Migration Review, Vol. 37, No. 3 (Fall 2003): 874–892.
Portes, Alejandro and Zhou, Mi. “The New Second Generation: Segmented Assimilation and Its Variants (Interminority Affairs in the U.S.: Pluralism at the Crossroads).” The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, Vol. 30 (November 1993): 74–97.
Portes, Alejandro, Escobar, Cristina, and Radford, Alexandria Walton. “Immigrant Transnational Organizations and Development: A Comparative Study.” International Migration Review, Vol. 41, No. 1 (March 2007): 242–281.
Prahalad, C.K. and Venkatram, Ramaswamy. The Future of Competition: Co-Creating Unique Value with Customers. Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Press, 2004.
Prahalad, C.K. and Hart, Stuart L.. “The Fortune at the Bottom of the Pyramid.” Strategy+Business, Vol. 26 (First Quarter 2002): 1–14.
Pratkanis, Anthony R. and Turner, Marlene E.. “Persuasion and Democracy: Strategies for Increasing Deliberative Participation and Enacting Social Change.” Journal of Social Issues, Vol. 52, No. 1 (Spring 1996): 187–205.
Putnam, Robert. Making Democracy Work. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1993.
Qazi, Abdullah. Founder, AfghanistanOnline. Personal Interview by Lori A. Brainard and Jennifer M. Brinkerhoff, October, 2, 2002.
Rai, Amit S. “India On-Line: Electronic Bulletin Boards and the Construction of Diasporic Hindu Identity.” Diaspora: A Journal of Transnational Studies, Vol. 4, No. 1 (Spring 1995): 31–57.
Rao, Aparna. “Debating Religious Practice in Cyberspace: Lived Islam and Antinomian Identities in a Kashmiri Muslim Community.” In Ahmad, Imtiaz and Reifeld, Helmut, eds. Lived Islam in South Asia: Adaptation, Accommodation, and Conflict. Oxford: Berghahn Books, 2004: 83–106.
Raz, Joseph. “Multiculturalism: A Liberal Perspective.” Dissent (1994): 67–79.
Redeker Hepner, Tricia. “Transnational Governance and the Centralization of State Power in Eritrea and Exile.” Ethnic and Racial Studies, Vol. 31, No. 3 (March 2008): 476–502.
Renshon, Stanley A. “Dual Citizens in America: An Issue of Vast Proportions and Broad Signficance.” Center for Immigration Studies Backgrounder, July 2000. Available at: http://www.cis.org/articles/2000/back700.html#20. Accessed November 28, 2007.
Rheingold, Howard. The Virtual Community: Homesteading on the Electronic Frontier. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley, 1993.
Riad, Nermien. Executive Director and founder, Coptic Orphans. Personal Interview by Jennifer M. Brinkerhoff, May 11, 2007.
Riad, Nermien. Executive Director and founder, Coptic Orphans. Personal Interview by Jennifer M. Brinkerhoff, January 21, 2004.
Riddle, Liesl and Marano, Valentina. “Homeland Export and Investment Promotion Agencies: The Case of Afghanistan.” In Brinkerhoff, Jennifer M., ed. Diasporas and Development: Exploring the Potential. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner Publishers, Inc., 2008: 133–149.
Riddle, Liesl, Brinkerhoff, Jennifer M., and Nielsen, Tjai. “Partnering to Beckon them Home: Public Sector Innovation for Diaspora Homeland Investment.” Public Administration and Development, Vol. 28, No. 1 (February 2008): 54–66.
Rosenau, James N. Distant Proximities: Dynamics Beyond Globalization. Princeton, NJ and Oxford: Princeton University Press, 2003.
Ross, Jack C. An Assembly of Good Fellows: Voluntary Associations in History. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1976.
Ross, Marc Howard. The Culture of Conflict. Interpretations and Interests in Comparative Perspective. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1993.
Rowe, Paul S. “Four Guys and a Fax Machine? Diasporas, New Information Technologies, and the Internationalization of Religion in Egypt.” Journal of Church and State, Vol. 43, No. 1 (Winter 2001): 81–92.
Rubin, Jeffrey A., Pruitt, Dean G, and Kim, Sung Hee. Social Conflict: Escalation, Stalemate and Settlement, 2nd ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1994.
Rude, John C. “Birth of a Nation in Cyberspace.” The Humanist, Vol. 56, No. 2 (March-April 1996): 17–22.
Rudmin, Floyd W. “Critical History of the Acculturation Psychology of Assimilation, Separation, Integration, and Marginalization.” Review of General Psychology, Vol. 7, No. 1 (March 2003): 3–37.
Rumbaut, Rubén and Portes, Alejandro, eds. Ethnicities: Children of Immigrants in America. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2001.
,Safe Democracy Foundation. “Democracy, Terrorism and the Internet.” Panel transcription. International Summit on Democracy Terrorism and Security. March 8–11, 2005, Madrid. Available at: http://english.safe-democracy.org/keynotes/democracy-terrorism-and-the-internet.html. Accessed June 17, 2008.
Safran, William. “Comparing Diasporas: A Review Essay.” Diaspora: A Journal of Transnational Studies, Vol. 8, No. 3 (Winter 1999): 255–291.
Safran, William. “Diasporas in Modern Societies: Myths of Homeland and Return.”Diaspora: A Journal of Transnational Studies, Vol. 1, No. 1 (1991): 83–99.
Salamon, Lester M. “Of Market Failure, Voluntary Failure, and Third-Party Government: Toward a Theory of Government-Nonprofit Relations in the Modern Welfare State.” Journal of Voluntary Action Research, Vol. 16, Nos. 1 & 2 (January–June 1987): 29–49.
Samatar, Said. Oral Poetry and Somali Nationalism: The Case of Sayyid Mahammad “Abdille” Hassan. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1982.
Sánchez Gibau, Gina. “Contested Identities: Narratives of Race and Ethnicity in the Cape Verdean Diaspora.” Identities: Global Studies in Culture and Power, Vol. 12, No. 3 (July–September 2005): 405–438.
Santianni, Michael. “The Movement for a Free Tibet: Cyberspace and the Ambivalence of Cultural Translation.” In Karim, Karim H., ed. The Media of Diaspora. London: Routledge, 2003: 189–202.
Sapienza, Filipp. “Nurturing Translocal Communication: Russian Immigrants on the World Wide Web.” Technical Communication, Vol. 48, No. 4 (November 2001): 435–448.
Sato, Noriko. “Selective Amnesia: Memory and History of the Urfalli Syrian Orthodox Christians.” Identities, Vol. 12, No. 3 (July–September 2005): 315–333.
Saunders, Richard A. “Nationality: Cyber-Russian.” Russia in Global Affairs, No. 4 (October–November 2004). Available at: http://eng.globalaffairs.ru/numbers/9/716.html. Accessed December 1, 2007.
Sautman, Barry. “‘Cultural Genocide’ and Tibet.” Texas International Law Journal, Vol. 38, No. 2 (Spring 2003): 173–247.
Saxenian, AnnaLee. The New Argonauts: Regional Advantage in a Global Economy. Boston: Harvard University Press, 2006.
Saxenian, Anna Lee. “Brain Circulation: How High-skill Immigration Makes Everyone Better Off. The Brookings Review, Vol. 20, No. 1 (Winter 2002a): 28–31.
Saxenian, AnnaLee. “Transnational Communities and the Evolution of Global Production Networks.” Industry & Innovation, Vol. 9, No. 2 (December 2002b): 183–202.
Seddon, David. “Nepal's Dependence on Exporting Labor.” Migration Policy Institute Country Profiles. Washington, DC: Migration Policy Institute, 2005. Available at: http://www.migrationinformation.org/Profiles/display. cfm?ID=277. Accessed January 14, 2005.
Seddon, David with Adhikari, Jagannath, and Gurung, Ganesh. “Foreign Labor Migration and the Remittance Economy in Nepal.” Critical Asian Studies, Vol. 34, No. 1 (March 2002): 19–40.
Seelye, H. Ned and Brewer, Marilynn B. “Ethnocentrism and Acculturation of North Americans in Guatemala.” Journal of Social Psychology, Vol. 80, No. 2 (April 1970): 147–155.
Sen, Amartya. Identity and Violence: The Illusion of Destiny. New York: W.W. Norton, 2006.
Shain, Yossi. Marketing the American Creed Abroad: Diasporas in the U.S. and Their Homelands. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1999.
Shain, Yossi. “Multicultural Foreign Policy.” Foreign Policy, Vol. 100 (Fall 1995): 69–88.
Shain, Yossi. “Ethnic Diasporas and US Foreign Policy.” Political Science Quarterly, Vol. 109, No. 10 (Winter 1994–1995): 811–841.
Shain, Yossi and Barth, Aharon. “Diasporas and International Relations Theory.” International Organization, Vol. 57, No. 3 (July 2003): 449–479.
Sharma, A. “Muckraking Mullahs.” Foreign Policy, Vol. 130 (May–June 2002): 99.
Sheffer, Gabriel. Diaspora Politics: At Home Abroad. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006.
Sheffer, Gabriel. “A New Field of Study: Modern Diasporas in International Politics.” In Sheffer, Gabriel, ed. Modern Diasporas in International Politics. London and Sydney: Croom Helm, 1986a: 1–15.
Sheffer, Gabriel, ed. Modern Diasporas in International Politics. London and Sydney: Croom Helm, 1986b.
Siapera, Eugenia. “Minority Activism on the Web: Between Deliberative Democracy and Multiculturalism.” Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, Vol. 31, No. 3 (May 2005): 499–519.
Singh, Simboonath. “Cultures of Exile: Diasporic Identities and the ‘Imaginations’ of Africa and India in the Caribbean.” Identity: An International Journal of Theory and Research, Vol. 1, No. 3 (July 2001): 289–305.
Singh, Sonal. “Tears from the Land of Snow: Health and Human Rights in Tibet.” The Lancet, Vol. 364, No. 9438 (September 11–17, 2004): 1009.
David Horton, Smith. Grassroots Organizations. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, Inc., 2000.
Smith, Constance E. and Freedman, Anne E.. Voluntary Associations: Perspectives on the Literature. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1972.
Snow, David A. and Benford, Robert D.. “Framing Processes and Social Movements: An Overview and Assessment.” Annual Review of Sociology, Vol. 26 (2000): 611–39.
Snow, David A., Rochford, Jr. E. Burke, Worden, Steven K., and Benford, Robert D.. “Frame Alignment Processes, Micro-Mobilization, and Movement Participation.” American Sociological Review, Vol. 51, No. 4 (August 1986): 464–481.
Sökefeld, Martin. “Alevism Online: Re-Imagining a Community in Virtual Space.” Diaspora: A Journal of Transnational Studies, Vol. 11, No. 1 (Spring 2002): 85–123.
Sorial, Wafaa. Egypt Director, Coptic Orphans. Personal Interview by Jennifer M. Brinkerhoff, January 15, 2004.
Spinner, Jeff. The Boundaries of Citizenship. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1994.
Suarez-Orozco, Marcelo M. “Becoming Somebody: Central American Immigrants in U.S. Inner-City Schools.” Anthropology and Education Quarterly, Vol. 18, No. 4 (December 1987): 287–299.
Taylor, Donald M. and Louis, Winnifred. “Terrorism and the Quest for Identity.” In Moghaddam, Fathali M. and Marsella, Anthony J., eds. Understanding Terrorism: Psychosocial Roots, Consequences, and Interventions. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association, 2004: 169–185.
Tekwani, Shyam. “The Tamil Diaspora, Tamil Militancy, and the Internet.” In Ho, Kong-Chong, Kluver, Randy, and Yang, Kenneth C.C., eds. Asia.com: Asia Encounters the Internet. London: RoutledgeCurzon, 2003: 175–192.
Teufel Dreyer, June. “Economic Development in Tibet Under the People's Republic of China.” Journal of Contemporary China, Vol. 12, No. 36 (August 2003): 411.
Thieme, Susan, Bhattrai, Raju, Gurung, Ganesh, and Kollmair, Michael et al. “Addressing the Needs of Nepalese Migrant Workers in Nepal and in Delhi, India.” Mountain Research and Development, Vol. 25, No. 2 (May 2005): 109–114.
Thomson, Mark and Crul, Maurice. “The Second Generation in Europe and the United States: How is the Transatlantic Debate Relevant for Further Research on the European Second Generation?” Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, Vol. 33, No. 7 (September 2007): 1025–1041.
Tölölyan, Khachig. “Diasporama.” Diaspora: A Journal of Transnational Studies, Vol. 3, No. 3 (Winter 1994): 235.
Tsaliki, Liza. “Globalisation and Hybridity: The Construction of Greekness on the Internet.” In Karim, Karim H., ed. The Media of Diaspora. London: Routledge, 2003: 162–176.
Tsfati, Yariv and Weimann, Gabriel. “www.terrorism.com: Terror on the Internet.” Studies in Conflict and Terrorism, Vol. 25, No. 5 (September 2002): 316–332.
,Turkish Daily News. “Limits on Kurdish Movies and Music Lifted.” Turkish Daily News. June 13, 2006. Available at: http://www.turkishdailynews. com.tr/article.php?enewsid=46049&;mailtofriend=1. Accessed July 23, 2006.
Tynes, Robert. “Nation-Building and the Diaspora on Leonenet: A Case of Sierra Leone in Cyberspace.” New Media & Society, Vol. 9, No. 3 (June 2007): 497–518.
,United Nations Development Programme. Human Development Report 2005. International Cooperation at a Crossroads: Aid, Trade and Security in an Unequal World. New York: Author, 2005. Available at: http://hdr.undp.org/reports/global/2005/. Accessed July 28, 2006.
,United Nations Development Programme. Nepal Human Development Report 2004. Empowerment and Poverty Reduction. New York: Author, 2004. Available at: http://www.undp.org.np/publication/html/nhdr2004/index.php. Accessed July 28, 2006.
,U.S. Census Bureau. United States Census 2000. Washington, DC: Author, 2001. Available at: http://www.census.gov/main/www/cen2000.html Accessed January 16, 2006.
,U.S. Central Intelligence Agency. The World Factbook. Washington, DC: Author, July 20, 2006. Available at: https://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/np.html#Intro. Accessed July 28, 2006.
,U.S. Committee for Refugees. World Refugee Survey 2005. Washington, DC: Author, 2006. Available at: http://www.refugees.org/data/wrs/06/docs/ principal_sources_of_refugees.pdf. Accessed July 28, 2006.
,U.S. Committee for Refugees. World Refugee Survey 2003. Washington, DC: Author, 2003. Available at: http://www.refugees.org/WRS/2003.cfm#statistics. Accessed March 18, 2004.
,U.S. Copts Association. Copt Digest, January 9, 2003a.
,U.S. Copts Association. Website. http://www.Copts.com. Accessed May 24, 2003b.
,U.S. Department of State. Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2005. “China/Tibet.” Washington, DC: Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor, March 8, 2006a. Available at: http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2005/61605.htm#tibet. Accessed July 28, 2006.
,U.S. Department of State. Country Reports on Human Rights Practices. “Egypt – 2005.” Washington, DC: Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor, March 8, 2006b. Available at: http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2005/61687.htm. Accessed May 26, 2006.
,U.S. Department of State. Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2001. “Nepal.” Washington, DC: Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor, March 8, 2006c. Available at: http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2005/61709.htm. Accessed July 28, 2006.
,U.S. Department of State. Egypt: International Religious Freedom Report. Washington, DC: Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor, October 7, 2002a. Available from: http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/irf/2002/13994.htm. Accessed October 7, 2002.
,U.S. Department of State. Egypt: Country Reports on Human Rights Practices 2001. Washington, DC: Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor, March 4, 2002b. Available from: http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2001/nea/8248.htm. Accessed March 4, 2002.
,U.S. Office of Immigration Statistics. 2005 Yearbook of Immigration Statistics. Washington, DC: Author, 2006. Available at: http://www.uscis.gov/graphics/shared/statistics/yearbook/index.htm. Accessed July 28, 2006.
,U.S. Senate Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs. Violent Islamist Extremism, the Internet, and the Homegrown Terrorist Threat. Majority and Minority Staff Report. Washington, DC: Author, May 8, 2008.
Uphoff, Norman. “Analytical Issues in Measuring Empowerment at the Community and Local Levels.” In Narayan, Deepa, ed. Measuring Empowerment: Cross-Disciplinary Perspectives. Washington, DC: The World Bank, 2005: 219–246.
Uphoff, Norman. “Understanding Social Capital: Learning from the Analysis and Experience of Participation.” In Dasgupta, Partha and Seregeldin, Ismail, eds. Social Capital: A Multifaceted Perspective. Washington, DC: The World Bank, 2000: 215–52.
Uphoff, Norman. “Distinguishing Power, Authority, and Legitimacy: Taking Max Weber at His Word Using Resource Exchange Analysis.” Polity, Vol. 22, No. 2 (Winter 1989): 295–322.
Bos, Matthijs. “Hyperlinked Dutch-Iranian Cyberspace.” International Sociology, Vol. 21, No. 1 (January 2006): 83–99.
Bos, Matthijs and Nell, Liza. “Territorial Bounds to Virtual Space: Transnational Online and Offline Networks of Iranian and Turkish-Kurdish Immigrants in the Netherlands.” Global Networks, Vol. 6, No. 2 (April–June 2006): 201–220.
Heijden, Hendrik. “The Reconciliation of NGO Autonomy, Program Integrity, and Operational Effectiveness with Accountability to Donors.” World Development, No. 15, Supplement (1987): 103–112.
Hear, Nicholas, Pieke, Frank, and Vertovec, Steven (with assistance from Lindley, Anna, Jettinger, Barbara, and Balarajan, Meera). The Contribution of UK-Based Diasporas to Development and Poverty Reduction. A Report by the ESRC Center on Migration, Policy, and Society (COMPAS), University of Oxford, for the Department for International Development. Oxford: COMPAS, April 2004.
Varshney, Ashutosh. “Ethnic Conflict and Civil Society: India and Beyond.” World Politics, Vol. 53, No. 3 (April 2001): 362–398.
Vayrynen, Tarja. Culture and International Conflict Resolution: A Critical Analysis of the Work of John Burton. Manchester and New York: Manchester University Press, 2001.
Verrier, Michel. “From the Bush to the Television Studio: A Trump Card for Turkey's Kurdish Geurillas.” Le Monde Diplomatique. December 1997. Available at: http://mondediplo.com/1997/12/pkk. Accessed July 23, 2006.
Vertovec, Steven. “Migrant Transnationalism and Modes of Transformation.” The International Migration Review, Vol. 38, No. 3 (Fall 2004): 970–1001.
Vertovec, Steven. “Three Meanings of ‘Diaspora,’ Exemplified among South Asian Religions.” Diaspora: A Journal of Transnational Studies, Vol. 6, No. 3 (Winter 1997): 277–299.
Vertovec, Steven and Rogers, A., eds. Muslim European Youth: Re-producing Religion, Ethnicity, Culture. Aldershot, UK: Ashgate, 1998.
Waldinger, Roger and Feliciano, Cynthia. “Will the New Second Generation Experience ‘Downward Assimilation’? Segmented Assimilation Re-Assessed.” Ethnic and Racial Studies, Vol. 27, No. 3 (May 2004): 376–402.
Wallis, Roy and Bruce, Steve. “Secularization: The Orthodox Model.” In Bruce, Steve, ed. Religion and Modernization: Sociologists and Historians Debate the Secularization Thesis. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1992: 8–30.
Walther, Joseph B. “Relational Aspects of Computer-Mediated Communication: Experimental Observations Over Time.” Organization Science, Vol. 6, No. 2 (March–April 1995): 186–203.
Warkentin, Craig and Mingst, Karen. “International Institutions, the State, and Global Civil Society in the Age of the World Wide Web.” Global Governance, Vol. 6, No. 2 (April–June 2000): 237–256.
Waters, Mary C. Black Identities: West Indian Immigrant Dreams and American Realities. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1999.
Watts, Jonathan. “Tibetan Health Care Takes Back Seat to Infrastructure.” The Lancet, Vol. 362, No. 9386 (September 6, 2003): 810.
Weick, Karl. Sensemaking in Organizations. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, 1995.
Weick, Karl. The Social Psychology of Organizing. New York: McGraw Hill, 1979.
Weimann, Gabriel. Terror on the Internet: The New Arena, The New Challenges. Washington, DC: U.S. Institute of Peace, 2006.
Weiner, Myron. The Global Migration Crisis: Challenge to States and Human Rights. New York: Harper Collins, 1995.
Weisbrod, Burton A. “Toward A Theory of The Voluntary Non-Profit Sector in a Three-Sector Economy.” In Phelps, Edmund S., ed. Altruism, Morality, and Economic Theory. New York: Russell Sage Foundation, 1975: 197–223.
Weisner, Thomas S. “Culture, Childhood, and Progress in Sub-Saharan Africa.” In Harrison, Lawrence E., and Huntington, Samuel P., eds. Culture Matters: How Values Shape Human Progress. New York: Basic Books, 2000: 141–157.
Wellman, Barry and Gulia, Milena. “Virtual Communities as Communities: Net Surfers Don't Ride Alone.” In Smith, Marc A. and Kollock, Peter, eds. Communities in Cyberspace. London: Routledge, 1999: 167–194.
Wellman, Barry, Haase, Annabel Quan, Witte, James and Hampton, Keith N. “Does the Internet Increase, Decrease, or Supplement Social Capital: Social Networks, Participation, and Community Commitment.” American Behavioral Scientist, Vol. 45, No. 3 (November 2001): 436–455.
Wescott, Clay and Brinkerhoff, Jennifer M, eds. Converting Migration Drains into Gains: Harnessing the Resources of Overseas Professionals. Manila: Asian Development Bank, 2006. Available online at: http://www.adb.org/Documents/Books/Converting-Migration-Drains-Gains. Accessed November, 28, 2007.
Whine, Michael. “Cyberspace – A New Medium for Communication, Command and Control by Extremists.” Studies in Conflict & Terrorism, Vol. 22, No. 3 (January 1999): 231–245.
Whitlock, Craig. “Briton Used Internet As His Bully Pulpit.” The Washington Post, August 8, 2005, A1.
WilsonIII, EJ. “Globalization, Information Technology and Conflict in the Second and Third Worlds: A Critical Review of the Literature.” Project on World Security. New York: Rockefeller Brothers Foundation, 1998.
Wilson, James Q. Political Organizations. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. Originally published 1974. Basic Books: New York, 1995.
Wittig, Michelle Andrisin, and Schmitz, Joseph. “Electronic Grassroots Organizing.” Journal of Social Issues, Vol. 52, No. 1 (March 1996): 53–69.
,World Bank. Global Economic Prospects (GEP): Economic Implications of Remittances and Migration. Washington, DC: Author, 2006.
,World Bank. World Development Indicators 2005. Washington, DC: Author, 2005.
,World Bank. World Development Indicators 2004. Washington, DC: Author, 2004.
,Xinhua News. “President Hu: Next Contact with Dalai Lama To Be Held at Appropriate Time.” Xinhua News, May 7, 2008. Available at: http://news. xinhuanet.com/english/2008-05/07/content_8122950.htm. Accessed June 19, 2008.
Zan, Samuel. “One Nation, One People, One Destiny”? The Ghanaian Diasporas Contribution to National Development Using Diverse Channels. Report prepared as part of the “Hello Africa: Shifting Power, Tackling Poverty by Connecting Africa and the African Diaspora.” Project funded by Comic Relief. Accra, Ghana: SEND Foundation of West Africa, May 2004.
Zartman, I. William. “Negotiations and Prenegotiations in Ethnic Conflict: The Beginning, the Middle, and the Ends.” In Montville, Joseph, ed. Conflict and Peacemaking in Multiethnic Societies. New York: D.C. Heath, 1991: 511–534.
Zupp, Adrian. “Why Won't the Dalai Lama Pick a Fight?” The Humanist, Vol. 64, No. 1 (January-February 2004): 5.
