Fish

Martin R. Perrow; Mark L. Tomlinson; Luis Zambrano

doi:10.1017/CBO9780511549984.019

17 - Fish

Published online by Cambridge University Press: 29 December 2009

Martin R. Perrow ,

Mark L. Tomlinson and

Luis Zambrano

Edited by

Martin R. Perrow and

Anthony J. Davy

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Martin R. Perrow: Affiliation:
Center for Conservation Biology, University of California, Riverside CA, USA
Mark L. Tomlinson: Affiliation:
ECON, Ecological Consultancy, School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK
Luis Zambrano: Affiliation:
Colección Nacional de Peces, Instituto de Biología, UNAM, Mexico DF
Martin R. Perrow: Affiliation:
University of East Anglia
Anthony J. Davy: Affiliation:
University of East Anglia

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Summary

INTRODUCTION

Fish exhibit far greater diversity than any other vertebrate group with 20 000 living species (Nelson, 1984), more than twice as many as birds or reptiles and amphibians and four times as many as mammals. Fish have colonised nearly all waters on the planet from the deepest oceans to temporary pools, with a diversity of form, ecology and biology to match. Around 1% of fish have even mastered the physiological stresses of migrating from salt to fresh waters and vice versa (Nelson, 1984). The fact that fish are supported in water has provided terrific scope for body size range. In the sea, only the great whales attain greater size than the 12.5 m long, 12.5 tonne whale shark (Rhincodon typus), making fish some of the largest vertebrates alive. At the other extreme the pygmy goby (Pandaka pygmaea) is 250 million times smaller, reaching 7.5–9.9 mm at adult size.

Fish may be carnivores, herbivores, detritivores and both external and internal parasites, specialising on all conceivable prey items from whole fish to parts of fish (scales, fins and blood) other vertebrates (including mammals), invertebrates, algae, fruit and plankton of various sorts. The radiation of fish into virtually every available aquatic niche has, in many cases, left them vulnerable to extinction as aquatic systems have been extensively modified and exploited of their resources. Several major river basins such as the Amazon are also likely to retain a relatively high proportion of unknown species.

Type: Chapter
Information: Handbook of Ecological Restoration , pp. 324 - 354

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511549984.019 [Opens in a new window]

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Print publication year: 2002

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