Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Hydraulic Resistance of Submerged Vegetation Related to Effective Height

  • Published:
Journal of Hydrodynamics Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Submerged vegetation has a significant impact on water flow velocity. Current investigations include the impact through adding drag resistance and increasing bottom roughness coefficient, which cannot elucidate the characters of real submerged vegetation. To evaluate the effects of submerged vegetation on water currents at different velocities, a laboratory experiment was conducted using three kinds of vegetations. The effective heights of these vegetations on varying flow velocities were evaluated. An equation describing the relationship between the normalized resistance of the submerged plants and the Reynolds number based on the plant effective height was then established and used to calculate the hydraulic resistance parameters of submerged plants in different stages of growth.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. CLARKE S. J., WHARTON G. Sediment nutrient characteristics and aquatic macrophytes in lowland English rivers[J]. Sci. Tot. Environ., 2001, 266(1–3): 103–112.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. HORPPILA J., NURMINEN L. The effect of an emergent macrophyte (Typha angustifolia) on sediment resuspension in a shallow north temperate lake[J]. Freshwater Biol., 2001, 46(11): 1447–1455.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. JUKKA H., LEENA N. Effects of submerged macrophytes on sediment resuspension and internal phosphorus loading in Lake Hiidenvesi (southern Finland)[J]. Water Res., 2003, 37(18): 4468–4474.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. CHO H. J., POIRRIER M. A. Seasonal growth and reproduction of Ruppia maritima L. s. l. in Lake Pontchartrin, Louisiana, USA[J]. Aqua. Bot., 2005, 81(1): 37–49.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. TIAN Qi, WANG Pei-fang and OU Yang-ping et al. Purification of eutrophic water with five submerged hydrophytes[J]. Water Resources Protection, 2009, 25(1): 14–17 (in Chinese).

    Google Scholar 

  6. TETSURO T. Fluvial processes in streams with vegetation[J]. J. Hydraulic Res., 1999, 37(6): 789–803.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. VERMAAT J. E., SANTAMARIA L. and ROOS P. L. Water flow across and sediment trapping in submerged macrophyte beds of contrasting growth form[J]. Arch Hydrobiol, 2000, 148(4): 549–562.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. RIGHETTI M., ARMANINI A. Flow resistance in open channel flows with sparsely distributed[J]. J. Hydrology, 2002, 269: 55–64.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. WANG Chao, YU Ji-yu and WANG Pei-fang et al. Flow structure of partly vegetated open-channel flows with eelgrass[J]. Journal of Hydrodynamics, 2009, 21(3): 301–307.

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  10. KUTIJA V., HONG H. T. M. A numerical model for assessing the additional resistance to flow introduced by flexible vegetation[J]. J. Hydraulic Res., 1996, 34(1): 99–114.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. FISCHER-ANTZE T., STOESSER T. and BATES P. et al. 3D numerical modeling of open-channel flow with submerged vegetation[J]. J. Hydraulic Res., 2001, 39(3): 303–310.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. WILSON C. A. M. E., YAGCI O. and RAUCH H. P. et al. Application of the drag force approach to model the flow-interaction of natural vegetation[J]. J. River Basin Mang., 2006, 4(2): 137–146.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. WU F. C., SHEN H. W. and CHOU Y. J. Variation of roughness coefficients for unsubmerged and submerged vegetation[J]. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 1999, 125(9): 934–942.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. DATSENKO Y. S., IVANENKO S. A. and KORYAVOV P. P. Mathematical model of water dynamics and pollutant spreading in the Ivan’kovo reservoir[J]. Water Res., 2000, 27(3): 259–270.

    Google Scholar 

  15. WANG Chao. Modelling of water dynamics and pollutant spreading in the Luomahu reservoir for water transfer from South to North of China[J]. Journal of Hydrodynamics, Ser. B, 2001, 13(4): 14–23.

    Google Scholar 

  16. STEPHAN U., GUTKNECHT D. Hydraulic resistance of submerged flexible vegetation[J]. J. Hydrol., 2002, 269: 27–43.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. CAROLLO F. G., FERRO V. and TERMINI D. Flow velocity measurements in vegetated channels[J]. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 2002, 128(7): 664–673.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. GU Feng-feng, NI Han-gen and QI Ding-man. Roughness coefficient for unsubmerged and submerged reed[J]. Journal of Hydrodynamics, Ser. B, 2007, 19(4): 421–428.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. WU Fu-sheng. Characteristics of flow resistance in open channels with non-submerged rigid vegetation[J]. Journal of Hydrodynamics, 2008, 20(2): 239–245.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. TSIHRINTZIS V. A. Discussion of “Variation of roughness coefficients for unsubmerged and submerged vegetation”[J]. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 2001, 127(3): 241–244.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. LEE K. L., ROIG L. C. and JENTER H. L. et al. Drag coefficients for modeling flow through emergent vegetation in the Florida Everglades[J]. Ecol. Eng., 2004, 22(4–5): 237–248.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. JUHA Järvelä. Effect of submerged flexible vegetation on flow structure and resistance[J]. J. Hydrol., 2005, 307: 233–241.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. PUIJALON S., GUDRUN B. and PIERRE S. Adaptations to increasing hydraulic stress: Morphology, hydrodynamics and fitness of two higher aquatic plant species[J]. J. Exp. Bot., 2005, 56(412): 777–786.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China

    Pei-fang Wang & Chao Wang

  2. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2W2, Canada

    David Z. Zhu

Authors
  1. Pei-fang Wang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Chao Wang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. David Z. Zhu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Chao Wang.

Additional information

Project supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program, Grant No. 2008CB418203), the National Water Project (Grant No. 2008ZX07101- 008), and the Elitist Support Project of the Ministry of Education of China (Grant No. NCET-07-0524).

Biography: WANG Pei-fang (1973-), Female, Ph. D., Professor

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Wang, Pf., Wang, C. & Zhu, D.Z. Hydraulic Resistance of Submerged Vegetation Related to Effective Height. J Hydrodyn 22, 265–273 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1016/S1001-6058(09)60054-8

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1001-6058(09)60054-8

Key words

Search

Navigation