Rhodiola rosea in stress induced fatigue — A double blind cross-over study of a standardized extract SHR-5 with a repeated low-dose regimen on the mental performance of healthy physicians during night duty

doi:10.1016/S0944-7113(00)80055-0

Phytomedicine

Volume 7, Issue 5, October 2000, Pages 365-371

https://doi.org/10.1016/S0944-7113(00)80055-0 Get rights and content

Summary

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of repeated low-dose treatment with a standardized extract SHR/5 of rhizome Rhodiola rosea L, (RRE) on fatigue during night duty among a group of 56 young, healthy physicians. The effect was measured as total mental performance calculated as Fatigue Index. The tests chosen reflect an overall level of mental fatigue, involving complex perceptive and cognitive cerebral functions, such as associative thinking, short-term memory, calculation and ability of concentration, and speed of audio-visual perception. These parameters were tested before and after night duty during three periods of two weeks each: a) a test period of one RRE/placebo tablet daily, b) a washout period and c) a third period of one placebo/RRE tablet daily, in a double-blind cross-over trial. The perceptive and cognitive cerebral functions mentioned above were investigated using 5 different tests. A statistically significant improvement in these tests was observed in the treatment group (RRE) during the first two weeks period. No side-effects were reported for either treatment noted. These results suggest that RRE can reduce general fatigue under certain stressful conditions.

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Citation Excerpt :
Additionally, in several clinical trials of SHR-5 in the UK and Europe, the dosage of SHR-5 ranged from 170 to 680 mg/d, and the administration time ranged from 6 to 42 days. No obvious adverse reactions were found [24,196–198]. In a nutshell, the above studies and clinical trials strongly support such a notion that salidroside has low toxicity potential in animal experiments and human clinical trials, and it can be used as a flavoring and traditional Chinese medicine at doses of no more than the acceptable daily intake.
Salidroside has been identified as one of the most potent compounds isolated from various Rhodiola plants, which have been used for a long time as adaptogens in traditional Chinese medicine. However, due to the severe growing environment of herbal medicine and large-scale excavation, the content of natural salidroside is extremely small. Most of the previous studies focused on herbal medicine, and there were few reviews on the synthesis of its main active ingredient salidroside. This paper presents different synthetic routes of salidroside to resolve the contradiction between supply and demand and lays the foundation for new drug research and development. Furthermore, emerging evidence indicates that salidroside, a promising environmentally-adapted drug with low toxicity and few side effects, possesses a wide spectrum of pharmacological properties, including activities on the cardiovascular system and central nervous system, anti-hypoxia, anti-fatigue and anti-aging activities, anticancer activity, anti-inflammatory activity, antioxidant activity, antivirus and immune stimulation activities, antidiabetic activity, anti-osteoporotic activity, and so on. Although the former researches have summarized the pharmacological effects of salidroside, focusing on the central nervous system, diabetes, and cancer, the overall pharmacological aspects of it have not been analyzed. This review highlights biological characteristics and mechanisms of action from 2009 to now as well as toxicological and pharmacokinetic data of the analyzed compound reported so far, with a view to providing a reference for further development and utilization of salidroside.
Salidroside simultaneously reduces de novo lipogenesis and cholesterol biosynthesis to attenuate atherosclerosis in mice
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Salidroside is a kind of phenylethanoid glycoside and widespread in the plants from Rhodiola and Ligustrum species. Our previous study has reported that salidroside can prevent atherosclerosis progression by ameliorating glyerolipid and glycerophospholipid metabolism in apoE-deficient (apoE^−/−) mice. However, its effect on neutral lipids and underlying mechanism remains largely unclear. Here we investigated the molecular mechanism of salidroside action from the perspective of metabolic regulation by integrating metabonomics and transcriptomics pattern. The results showed that salidroside significantly reduced cholesterols, esterified cholesterols, fatty acids, unsaturated fatty acids and triacylclycerols biosynthesis in liver through down-regulating the genes expressions of sterol regulatory element-binding proteins (Srebf1 and Srebf2). The expressions of SREBPs targeted and downstream genes, such as the encoding genes of fatty acid synthase (Fasn), glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase (Gpam), stearoyl-CoA desaturase (Scd), 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (Hmgcr), and proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (Pcsk9), were also inhibited after salidroside administration. ATP citrate lyase gene (Acly) that encodes an important enzyme producing acetyl-CoA for cholesterol and fatty acid biosynthesis significantly decreased after treatment as well. Moreover, one of ketone body products, 3-hydroxybutyrate, was significantly up-regulated in drug-treated group, indicating that fatty acid degradation was accelerated by salidroside at the same time. Our findings identify salidroside as a regulator of lipid homeostasis in atherosclerotic mice, suggesting its potential to be an alternative medicine for lowering the risks of atherosclerosis-related diseases.

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^*: Address Vahagn Darbinyan, Department of Neurology, Institute of Surgery, Armenian Medical University, 9 Asratyan St., Kanaker Yerevan, Armenia 375000. Tel. +0 (3742) 284 401

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Rhodiola rosea in stress induced fatigue — A double blind cross-over study of a standardized extract SHR-5 with a repeated low-dose regimen on the mental performance of healthy physicians during night duty

Summary

Phytomedicine

Comparative characteristics of the stimulating and adaptogenic effects of Rhodiola rosea preparations

Stimulants of the CNS, Tomsk

The effect of Elton, Leveeton, Phytoton, and Adapton on the working capacity of experimental animals

Eksp. Klin. Farmakol.

New substances of plant origin which increase non-specific resistance

Ann. Rev. Pharmacol

The use of herbal adaptogens together with tricyclic antidepressants in patients with psychogenic depressions

Modern Problems of Pharmacology and search for new Medicines, Tomsk

Disorders of sleep and circadian rhythms

Estonian Ministry of Health Affairs, 21st January, Regulation

The drug that builds Russians

New Scientists