Plant growth inhibitors (Proanthocyanidins) from Prunus armeniaca
Introduction
Prunus armeniaca is an important social- and agro-forestry tree, generally grown in gardens, crop fields and is also traditionally planted in the boundary of agricultural fields. The impact of Prunus sp. on surrounding plant species has been noted by several workers (Jensen, 1907; Schreiner and Reed, 1907; Manareshi, 1953; Vogel and Weber, 1931; Horsely, 1979). The possibility of biochemical interactions between intercrop and crop plants has been suggested in many instances by several workers based on their practical experience or experimental results (Horsely, 1991; Larcher, 1995; Rice, 1984). Manareshi (1953) observed the depressed growth of Prunus cerasus when planted in Prunus armeniaca fields. So, the present investigation was carried out to determine the impact of Prunus armeniaca on surrounding crop species and to isolate the responsible allelopathic compounds.
Section snippets
Materials and methods
Field studies were conducted in the areas where Prunus armeniaca trees were found growing in the vicinity of crops, namely wheat, barley, lantil and fingermillet. The fertility ingredients of the soil of different sites, namely percentage of organic matter, available phosphorus and potassium, were determined by the rapid Purdue test (Jackson, 1973). The Triticum aestivum (wheat) crop was found to be more affected by Prunus armeniaca in different sites. Therefore, further observations regarding
Results and discussion
Light petroleum and ethyl acetate extracts showed more inhibition than other extracts, with respect to parameters observed in the bioassays (Fig. 2), namely inhibition in germination, root length and shoot length indicated the presence of active/toxic compounds in higher concentrations.
Therefore, light petroleum and ethyl acetate extracts were subjected to repeated column chromatography on silica gel to afford compounds A to G and I-1 to I-4.
Compounds A–E were shown to be β-sitosterol (Austin
Acknowledgements
The authors wish to thank Professor A. N. Purohit, FNA, Director, HAPPRC, H.N.B. Garhwal University for many valuable suggestions and G.B. Pant, Institute of Himalayan Environment and Development, Kosi-Katarmal, Almora for financial support.
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