Stereological study of the effect of altitude on the trophoblast cell populations of human term placental villi
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Cited by (29)
Hypoxic switch in mitochondrial myeloid cell leukemia factor-1/Mtd apoptotic rheostat contributes to human trophoblast cell death in preeclampsia
2007, American Journal of PathologyCitation Excerpt :Normal physiological regulation of trophoblast cell fusion utilizes a molecular apoptotic cascade in which mononucleated cytotrophoblast cells fuse to maintain a multinucleated syncytiotrophoblast cell layer.58 Normal SL term placentae have a well-defined syncytiotrophoblast layer, which is in contrast to HA placentae, which show thinning of the syncytiotrophoblast layer and a hyperproliferative cytotrophoblast phenotype59 suggesting decreased syncytial renewal under conditions of reduced oxygenation.56,60,61 Decreased expression of active caspase-8, a promoter of trophoblast cell fusion,62 in conjunction with reduction of other cell death markers in HA placentae, as demonstrated by decreased cleaved p85 PARP formation, suggests a slowdown of syncytial formation and consequently trophoblast shedding during chronic placental hypoxia.
Human placental hypoxia-inducible factor-1α expression correlates with clinical outcomes in chronic hypoxia in vivo
2007, American Journal of PathologyCitation Excerpt :The observation that VHL expression is elevated in conditions of chronic hypoxia is in agreement with our recent observation showing increased VHL in early gestation20 and with other in vitro studies showing oxygen-dependent changes in VHL expression both in cell lines and villous explants.47,48 In addition, the elevated level of VHL may contribute to other features noted in the high-altitude placenta, eg, cytotrophoblast proliferation,49 because VHL plays a role in regulating a variety of cellular events including cell proliferation and extracellular matrix assembly.50,51 The finding of less neddylated CUL2 in HA placentas is also consistent with the prior literature.
Histomorphometric characterisation of shared and non-shared cotyledonary villus territories of monochorionic placentae in relation to pregnancy complications
2006, PlacentaCitation Excerpt :Placental vascular anatomy has been linearly linked to placental discordance and birthweight discordance [1]. Chorionic villi have been studied extensively in singleton placentas in relation to high altitude [10–14] and umbilical artery Doppler flow [15–19]. It is now generally accepted that reduced end-diastolic frequencies in the umbilical artery in singleton pregnancies with IUGR are associated with changes in terminal villi including reduced villus diameter, reduced degree of vascularization, larger fetomaternal diffusion distance and smaller capillaries [15,16,20].
Anatomy and genesis of the placenta
2006, Knobil and Neill's Physiology of ReproductionFetal cells and cell free fetal nucleic acids in maternal blood: New tools to study abnormal placentation?
2005, PlacentaCitation Excerpt :Respective changes of the placental morphology have recently been reviewed [93], although comparisons between studies are difficult due to different altitudinal levels, ethnic groups and numbers of cases. It is generally agreed that the terminal villi display increased vascularization, thinning of the syncytiotrophoblast and increased numbers of cytotrophoblast cells [94–97]. It is tempting to assume that these changes represent a compensatory adaptation to facilitate a sufficient oxygen transfer to the fetus, since there is no conclusive evidence that the fetus is hypoxic at high altitude [93].
Anatomy and Genesis of the Placenta
2005, Knobil and Neill's Physiology of Reproduction