Case report: First confirmed case of canine peritoneal larval cestodiasis caused by Mesocestoides vogae (syn. M. corti) in Japan

doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2014.01.021

Veterinary Parasitology

Volume 201, Issues 1–2, 17 March 2014, Pages 154-157

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2014.01.021 Get rights and content

Abstract

Canine peritoneal larval cestodiasis (CPLC) is an unusual parasitic disease in dogs that is caused by asexual proliferation of larval Mesocestoides. A 12 year-old spayed Shetland sheepdog with abdominal distension was referred to the Animal Medical Center at Nihon University, Japan. The presence of ascites was confirmed by abdominal ultrasonography and X-ray imaging. In addition, a number of parasites were observed in the ascitic fluid collected by abdominal paracentesis. Each of the whitish colored parasites was less than 1 mm in size. The parasites were morphologically identified as Mesocestoides sp. tetrathyridia. The parasites had four suckers and calcareous corpuscles, but no hooks or rostellum. Mitochondrial (mt) 12S rDNA and mt cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 DNA amplified from the tetrathyridia were used for molecular identification to species level. DNA sequence analysis showed that the tetrathyridia shared more than 99% identity with M. vogae (syn. M. corti) for each gene. The patient was treated with a standard dose (5 mg/kg) of praziquantel, which was administered subcutaneously twice at an interval of 14 days. This resulted in successful deworming. This is the first case that CPLC was diagnosed in a dog that had never been taken outside of Japan, indicating that M. vogae is distributed in this country.

Introduction

Cestodes of the genus Mesocestoides belong to the order Cyclophyllidea. Unlike other Cyclophyllidea, Mesocestoides require at least two intermediate hosts to complete their life cycles (Loos-Frank, 1991, Padgett and Boyce, 2004). However, the complete lifecycle is not known for any species within this genus. In Japan, Kugi (1983) tried to elucidate complete life cycle of M. paucitesticulus and found some species of birds could be second intermediate hosts. However, first intermediate host of this parasite is still unknown.

Adult Mesocestoides spp. worms reside in the intestinal tracts of their final hosts, which include carnivores, birds and occasionally humans (Soulsby, 1982). Infection with adult worms is usually asymptomatic. In contrast, the third stage larvae, which are called tetrathyridium, live in the serosal cavities of their intermediate hosts, which include amphibians, reptiles, birds, and rodents. Dogs and cats can also harbor tetrathyridia in their peritoneal cavities (Soulsby, 1982). Interestingly, the tetrathyridia of several (but not all) species belonging to the genus Mesocestoides, including Mesocestoides vogae (syn. M. corti), can proliferate asexually (Specht and Voge, 1965, Conn, 1990, Padgett and Boyce, 2004). Active proliferation of tetrathyridia in the peritoneal cavity of dogs causes canine peritoneal larval cestodiasis (CPLC). Dogs affected by CPLC usually show no symptoms at all or nonspecific symptoms such as ascites, anorexia and decreased physical activity (Crosbie et al., 1998, Caruso et al., 2003, Boyce et al., 2011). Indeed, although it has been reported that CPLC can be fatal, subclinical infections have been detected incidentally during surgery for unrelated issues (Crosbie et al., 1998, Caruso et al., 2003, Papini et al., 2010, Boyce et al., 2011).

Section snippets

Case report

In December 2010, a 12 year-old spayed Shetland sheepdog with abdominal distension was referred to the Animal Medical Center at Nihon University, Kanagawa, Japan. The dog had been owned in Kanagawa prefecture, Japan. The dog had a history of chronic cough and diagnosed with chronic bronchitis. Leukocytosis (20,800 cells/μl) and eosinophilia (22%) were detected on blood examination. The presence of ascites was confirmed by abdominal ultrasonography and X-ray imaging (Fig. 1). Upon removal of 20 ml

Discussion

Mesocestoides require at least two intermediate hosts to complete their life cycles (Loos-Frank, 1991, Padgett and Boyce, 2004) although the complete lifecycle is not known for any species within this genus. The putative first intermediate host is ground-dwelling coprophagous arthropods that ingest oncospheres and accommodate the development of cysticercoides. Tetrathyridia, the metacestode form of Mesocestoides spp., are found in the abdominal cavity of a variety of intermediate hosts such as

Acknowledgement

This work was supported in part by Grant-in-Aid for Young Scientists (B) (to JM) from the Japanese Society for the Promotion of Science.

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Effectiveness of praziquantel for treatment of peritoneal larval cestodiasis in dogs: a case report
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Cytologic diagnosis of peritoneal cestodiasis in dogs caused by Mesocestoides sp
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Cited by (15)

Contact between Mesocestoides vogae tetrathyridia induces their division
2022, Parasitology International
Mesocestoides vogae is a cestode of the order Cyclophyllidea, and its second intermediate hosts are mammals, birds, amphibians, and reptiles. The parasite forms a tetrathyridium in the second intermediate host and multiplies asexually, sometimes to the point of filling the host's abdominal cavity. Proliferated tetrathyridium may cause lethal conditions in the host. During the asexual multiplication period, the scolex first replicates into two and then divides into two worms. In this study, to investigate the factors that promote the replication, tetrathyridia were cultured under various in vitro conditions. When several worms which already had two scolexes were cultured together, the division into two worm bodies was complete, but when single worm was cultured, the division hardly proceeded. The result indicates that the division progression of tetrathyridia with two scolexes requires the presence of other worms. In contrast, tetrathyridia with only one scolex did not initiate the division process, whether cultured together or alone. Then, the necessity of direct contact between the bodies of the worms to promote the division of tetrathyridia with two scolexes was assessed. For this, the well of the culture plate was partitioned into upper and lower parts using a mesh, and 20 worms in the upper part and single worm in the lower part were cultured. In all examined wells, worms in the upper part showed complete division, whereas the worms in the lower part rarely completed the division. Thus, direct contact between tetrathyridium promotes the division of tetrathyridia bearing two scolexes.
Body cavity fluids
2022, Canine and Feline Cytopathology: A Color Atlas and Interpretation Guide
Tapeworms
2022, Greene's Infectious Diseases of the Dog and Cat, Fifth Edition
Dipylidium caninum
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  First Described: Dipylidium caninum has been known to infect pets since ancient times. Linnaeus named this parasite Taenia cania in 1758; Leuckart created the genus Dipylidium in 1863.
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  Cause: Dipylidium caninum (order Cyclophyllidea).
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  Geographic Distribution: Worldwide.
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  Affected Hosts: Dogs and cats, as well as other canids and felids, serve as definitive hosts for adult D. caninum.
- •
  Primary Mode of Transmission: Infected definitive hosts intermittently shed segments that contain egg packets which break down in the environment. When a suitable arthropod intermediate host (e.g., Ctenocephalides felis felis [flea], Trichodectes canis [biting louse]) ingests the eggs, a metacestode stage (a cysticercoid) develops within the arthropod. Final hosts become infected and develop patent intestinal infections upon ingestion of an infected intermediate host.
- •
  Major Clinical Signs: Heavy infections in dogs and cats may cause constipation and diarrhea. However, the most common clinical situation arises when an owner discovers segments in the hair coat, bedding, or recently passed feces, of a healthy animal.
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  Differential Diagnoses: Other GI parasites, dietary indiscretion, pancreatitis, intestinal bacterial overgrowth, IBD, GI neoplasia, exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, hepatobiliary disease, GI foreign body, and intestinal perforation. When segments are present, these need to be differentiated from other tapeworms that shed segments.
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  Human Health Significance: Dipylidium caninum occasionally infects people that accidentally ingest infected fleas.
Taenia spp.
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  First Described: Taenia was first described by Linnaeus in 1758.
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  Cause: Multiple cyclophyllidean species that belong to the family Taeniidae. The family contains two generally accepted genera: Taenia and Echinococcus.
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  Geographic Distribution: Essentially worldwide. However, the importance of different Taenia species varies depending on the geographic region.
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  Affected Hosts: Taenia pisiformis, Taenia crassiceps, Taenia hydatigena, Taenia ovis, Taenia serialis, and Taenia multiceps all infect dogs as the definitive host. The predominant Taenia species infecting cats globally is Taenia taeniaeformis.
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  Primary Mode of Transmission: Infected dogs and cats intermittently pass egg-laden segments into the environment. Eggs are then consumed by a suitable mammalian intermediate host (e.g., rabbit, sheep, mice, rats) resulting in the formation of the metacestode, larval, tapeworm in that host’s tissues; the type of metacestode varies with the Taenia spp. involved. Dogs and cats develop patent intestinal infections after consuming an infected intermediate host.
- •
  Major Clinical Signs: Intestinal infections with Taenia spp. in dogs and cats have long been thought to be well tolerated with no associated clinical signs. When clinical signs occur, they are relatively non-specific and may include vomiting and diarrhea. Rarely, cats require an enterotomy to relieve a cestode impaction.
- •
  Differential Diagnoses: Differentials include other GI parasites, dietary indiscretion, pancreatitis, intestinal bacterial overgrowth, IBD, GI neoplasia, exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, hepatobiliary disease, GI foreign body, and intestinal perforation. When segments are present, these need to be differentiated microscopically from segments of other tapeworms.
- •
  Human Health Significance: In general, zoonotic Taenia spp. are limited to species that utilize cattle and pigs as intermediate hosts (e.g., T. saginata, T. solium); dogs and cats are not involved in the life cycles. However, adult T. taeniaeformis have been recovered from the intestinal tract of humans. Humans may also occasionally be infected with the metacestode stage of T. multiceps or T. serialis, which utilize dogs as a definitive host. When eggs are accidentally ingested by humans, they hatch in the GI tract; oncospheres are released and circulate in the bloodstream until they lodge in organs where coenuri develop. For T. multiceps, coenuri may be found in the brain and eyes, while those of T. serialis are found in subcutaneous tissue.
Echinococcus spp.
- •
  First Described: Echinococcus granulosus s.l. was first described by Batsch in 1786, and Echinococcus multilocularis was first described by Leuckart in 1863.
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  Causes: Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato (s.l.) and Echinococcus multilocularis (family Taeniidae).
- •
  Geographic Distribution: Echinococcus granulosus s.l. comprises multiple genotypes/species that differ in their geographic distribution due to differences in host specificity. The genotype most important for human disease is E. granulosus sensu stricto (s.s.), which is primarily associated with sheep and found worldwide. Echinococcus multilocularis occurs throughout much of the northern hemisphere (Europe, Asia, and North America).
- •
  Affected Hosts: Adult stages of both cestodes are a few millimeters in length and occur in the small intestine of carnivores. Definitive hosts for E. granulosus s.l. are primarily dogs and, to a lesser extent, wild canids, which excrete infective eggs into the environment in feces. Echinococcus multilocularis occurs primarily in a wildlife cycle with wild canids (arctic/red fox, coyote, raccoon dog, wolf) as definitive hosts. Dogs, and to a lesser extent cats, may also be definitive hosts. Dogs occasionally may also be accidental hosts that develop metacestodes.
- •
  Primary Mode of Transmission: Ingestion of E. granulosus s.l. eggs by intermediate hosts (e.g., sheep, cattle, goats, pigs, horses) and accidental hosts (e.g., people) results in the development of a hydatid cyst within the liver, lungs, or other internal organs. The resultant disease is termed cystic echinococcosis (CE). After ingestion of E. multilocularis eggs by rodents, the typical intermediate host, the metacestode stage develops most commonly within the liver, behaves like an invasive tumor, and produces alveolar echinococcosis (AE). Ingestion of eggs by accidental hosts (e.g., people, dogs) also results in AE. Thus, dogs can be both definitive and accidental hosts for E. multilocularis. Dogs, cats, and wild canids develop intestinal infections following ingestion of metacestode-infected rodents.
- •
  Major Clinical Signs: Intestinal infections are rarely clinical. AE in dogs is typically associated with hepatic injury; clinical signs include abdominal pain and/or distension, lethargy, anorexia, and vomiting.
- •
  Differential Diagnoses: Both cats and dogs excrete eggs morphologically identical to those of Taenia spp. and require DNA analysis to determine the genus/species. Differential diagnoses for hepatic AE in dogs include tumors, abscesses, and cysts (sterile, congenital).
- •
  Human Health Significance: Most species of E. granulosus s.l. can infect people. However, globally, most human cases of CE are due to E. granulosus s.s. (sheep strain). This strain occurs in both domestic and wildlife cycles. However, the domestic cycle is of particular zoonotic significance as human infections are typically associated with ingestion of eggs in the feces of dogs. The resultant hydatid cysts are usually large, fluid-filled structures that behave like a space-occupying lesion. While often clinically silent, they may cause CE, a potentially severe disease of the liver, lungs, bone, brain, or other organs. While E. multilocularis occurs in wild and domestic life cycles, most human infections are associated with ingestion of eggs in the feces of dogs. In humans, AE is typically associated with development of the metacestode stage in the liver and has a high case fatality rate when left untreated; the metacestode behaves like an invasive tumor and often metastasizes to other organs. The clinical incubation period is 5 to 15 years. Both AE and, to a lesser extent, CE, have high pathogenic potential and are considered two of the most important helminthic zoonoses. In a veterinary environment, infection risk in people when handling dogs and cats can essentially be eliminated by strict attention to hand hygiene.
Mesocestoides spp.
- •
  First Described: Valliant described Mesocestoides ambiguous in 1863.
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  Causes: Cestodes that belong to the Mesocestoides genus. Questions remain as to how to define the species because the life cycle has not been fully defined for any species.
- •
  Geographic Distribution: Worldwide.
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  Affected Hosts: Dogs, cats, and raccoons are definitive hosts for Mesocestoides spp.; there are a variety of intermediate hosts (e.g., mammals, amphibians, birds, reptiles). Peritoneal larval cestodiasis occasionally occurs in dogs or cats following ingestion of an infected intermediate host.
- •
  Primary Mode of Transmission: Definitive hosts become infected by ingesting intermediate hosts that contain the second metacestode stage, a tetrathyridium, located in the peritoneal cavity. The first intermediate stage is thought to be a cysticercoid that develops from an oncosphere in a coprophagic insect, but this has yet to be proven. Tetrathyridia develop into adult tapeworms in the intestinal tract of the definitive host. Subsequently, sections of the strobila, or body, are excreted in feces, rather than individual segments like D. caninum or Taenia spp. Segments contain eggs that vary in maturity. Peritoneal larval cestodiasis occurs when dogs and cats ingest an infected intermediate host and larval parasites migrate through the intestinal wall and multiply as the tetrathyridial stage within the peritoneal cavity by asexually dividing or budding.
- •
  Major Clinical Signs: Dogs and cats infected with Mesocestoides spp. typically have subclinical intestinal infections. Dogs with peritoneal larval cestodiasis may show abdominal distention with or without systemic signs of anorexia, weight loss, vomiting, diarrhea, lethargy, ascites, and tachypnea. Clinical signs in one cat from Sicily, Italy included anorexia, moderate abdominal swelling, cough, and dyspnea.
- •
  Differential Diagnoses: Mesocestoides spp. segments are significantly smaller than those of more common cestodes (i.e., D. caninum and Taenia spp.) and may be confused with those of Echinococcus spp. Differentials for peritoneal larval cestodiasis include other causes of ascites, such as right-sided heart failure, neoplasia, pancreatitis, GI foreign body, and intestinal perforation.
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  Human Health Significance: Rarely, humans can become infected with adult Mesocestoides spp. by ingestion of undercooked organs (e.g., raw snake liver, chicken viscera) containing tetrathyridia leading to abdominal pain and passage of segments in the stool. Infected dogs and cats are not a direct zoonotic risk to people.
Diphyllobothrium spp.
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  First Described: Linnaeus, 1758.
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  Causes: Cestodes of the Diphyllobothrium genus (family Diphyllobothriidae). Globally, Diphyllobothrium latum (Dibothriocephalus latus) is the most important species.
- •
  Geographic Distribution: Diphyllobothrium latum has a circumboreal distribution involving Alaska, the Great Lakes region of the USA/Canada, northern Europe, Russia, and parts of Asia and South America.
- •
  Affected Hosts: Adult tapeworms occur in the small intestine of dogs, cats, people, pigs, foxes, mink, and other fish-eating animals.
- •
  Primary Mode of Transmission: Ingestion of the plerocercoid stage in raw or undercooked freshwater fish.
- •
  Major Clinical Signs: Infections in both dogs and cats are typically subclinical.
- •
  Differential Diagnoses: Segments of D. latum within feces are typically larger in size than those of Spirometra spp., Taenia spp., and D. caninum. Unlike Taenia spp. and D. caninum, segments of D. latum and Spirometra spp. have a medial uterine pore.
- •
  Human Health Significance: Humans acquire D. latum infection by ingestion of raw or undercooked fish; infections are most commonly asymptomatic. Dogs and cats infected with D. latum are not a direct risk to human health.
Spirometra spp.
- •
  First Described: Rudolphi first described Spirometra erinaceieuropaei (syn. Diphyllobothrium erinaceieuropaei) in 1819. In 1882, Mason described Spirometra mansoni. In 1935, Mueller described Spirometra mansonoides.
- •
  Causes: Spirometra spp. (family Diphyllobothriidae); a cestode closely related to Diphyllobothrium spp.
- •
  Geographic Distribution: Spirometra erinaceieuropaei occurs in Asia, Australia, and Europe. Spirometra mansonoides occurs in North and South America. Spirometra mansoni is predominantly found in Asia.
- •
  Affected Hosts: Adult Spirometra spp. occur in the small intestine of dogs, cats, wild felids, wild canids, raccoons, and other carnivores. Proliferative sparganosis (proliferation of plerocercoids) occasionally occurs in the abdominal or thoracic cavity, or connective tissue, of dogs and cats.
- •
  Primary Mode of Transmission: Infected definitive hosts shed eggs in feces that hatch in water to release a coracidium. When ingested by freshwater copepods (e.g., Cyclops spp.), the coracidium develops into a procercoid. Following ingestion of infected copepods by a second intermediate host (e.g., amphibians, reptiles, birds, mammals), the procercoid develops into a plerocercoid (or spargana). Definitive hosts become infected following ingestion of muscle or connective tissue of second intermediate hosts or paratenic hosts containing a plerocercoid. The plerocercoid then attaches to the intestinal wall and develops into an adult tapeworm. Proliferative sparganosis occurs following ingestion of water containing copepods infected with procercoids, or plerocercoids in second intermediate hosts or paratenic hosts.
- •
  Major Clinical Signs: Dogs and cats infected with adult Spirometra spp. often have subclinical infections. However, enteritis, diarrhea, weight loss, and vomiting have been associated with infection, particularly in cats. Occasionally, the only evidence of infection is the presentation of chains of segments by owners to a veterinarian. Clinical signs associated with proliferative sparganosis depend on the location of the plerocercoids.
- •
  Differential Diagnoses (Intestinal Infections): Other GI parasites, dietary indiscretion, pancreatitis, intestinal bacterial overgrowth, IBD, GI neoplasia, exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, hepatobiliary disease, and GI foreign body.
- •
  Human Health Significance: Spirometra spp. cause sparganosis in people. This occurs when the plerocercoid stage (spargana) is transferred to humans following ingestion of raw or undercooked meat (e.g., frog) or when copepods infected with the procercoid larval stage are consumed by drinking untreated water. This condition is rare, and usually presents as a subcutaneous nodule containing a plerocercoid. However, in some cases, proliferative sparganosis involving the CNS or other organs has been reported.
Successful treatment of pleural and peritoneal larval mesocestoidosis with fenbendazole in two dogs
2021, Veterinary Parasitology: Regional Studies and Reports
Citation Excerpt :
In vivo diagnosis of larval mesocestoidosis is challenging and confirmed diagnosis is often made post-mortem (Eleni et al., 2007; Jabbar et al., 2012; Toplu et al., 2006). For this reason, therapeutic recommendations are empirical and there is no data on the best treatment options in dogs and cats (Boyce et al., 2011; Crosbie et al., 1998; Kashiide et al., 2014; Papini et al., 2010; Petrescu et al., 2020) Both fenbendazole and praziquantel, registered as anthelmintic drugs for the adult stages of cestodes in dogs and cats, have been used to treat canine larval mesocestoidosis (Caruso et al., 2003; Crosbie et al., 1998; Kashiide et al., 2014; Papini et al., 2010), but treatment failure in complete clearance of larvae have been described for both (Boyce et al., 2011; Caruso et al., 2003; Crosbie et al., 1998). One retrospective study of canine peritoneal larval mesocestoidosis reported that fenbendazole at 100 mg/kg orally twice a day, for 1–3 months was most effective in symptomatic dogs (Boyce et al., 2011).
Mesocestoides spp. are common intestinal tapeworms of dogs and cats. The presence of numerous larval stages in the pleural or peritoneal cavities causes larval mesocestoidosis, that is a potentially life-threatening disease in massive infection.
In vivo diagnosis of larval mesocestoidosis is challenging and confirmed diagnosis is often made post-mortem. For this reason, therapeutic recommendations are empirical and there is currently no data on the best treatment options in dogs and cats. Both fenbendazole and praziquantel have been used to treat canine larval mesocestoidosis but failure of complete clearance of larvae has been described for both. Treatment with fenbendazole at 100 mg/kg orally twice a day, for 1–3 months has been reported as being effective. However, it is known that administration of high, off-label doses of fenbendazole can lead to adverse reactions. Here, we report the efficacy of fenbendazole at a lower dosage (50 mg/kg twice a day) in two dogs with pleural and peritoneal mesocestoidosis.
Body Cavity Fluids
2015, Canine and Feline Cytology: A Color Atlas and Interpretation Guide
Case report: Protein-losing enteropathy caused by Mesocestoides vogae (syn. M. corti) in a dog
2014, Veterinary Parasitology
Citation Excerpt :
In this study, Mesocestoides sp. was confirmed as M. vogae using molecular identification by targeting both the mt 12S rDNA and mt CO1 genes. Recently, Kashiide et al. described the first reported case of CPLC caused by M. vogae in Japan (Kashiide et al., 2014) in Kanagawa Prefecture, located about 800 km south of Sapporo City. Therefore, the lifecycle of M. vogae suggested that it is maintained widely in Japan.
An eight-year-old, neutered, female Shetland Sheepdog presented with a 6-week history of small intestinal diarrhea. Regenerative anemia, hypoproteinemia, and an increased plasma C-reactive protein concentration were detected on blood examination. Fecal examination and abdominal radiography were unremarkable. Abdominal ultrasonography showed diffusely hyperechoic mucosa in the small intestine. Gastroduodenoscopy, performed under general anesthesia, revealed mucosal edema and increased granularity in the duodenum and jejunum. Histopathological examination of the endoscopically biopsied small intestinal mucosa revealed tapeworm infection. A single administration of a combined anthelmintic drug (5 mg/kg praziquantel, 14.4 mg/kg pyrantel pamoate, and 15 mg/kg febantel) was successful for deworming, and the dog fully recovered. The parasites were removed from stored frozen duodenal mucosa and morphologically identified as Mesocestoides sp. immature adult worms. Mitochondrial (mt) 12S rDNA and mt cytochrome c oxide subunit 1 genes were amplified from the parasites. DNA sequence analysis showed that the genes shared 100% identity with those of reported M. vogae (syn. M. corti). This is the first reported case of protein-losing enteropathy caused by M. vogae in a dog.

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Veterinary Parasitology

Abstract

Introduction

Section snippets

Case report

Discussion

Acknowledgement

References (18)

Survival analysis of dogs diagnosed with canine peritoneal larval cestodiasis (Mesocestoides spp.)

Vet. Parasitol.

Effectiveness of praziquantel for treatment of peritoneal larval cestodiasis in dogs: a case report

Vet. Parasitol.

Cestode parasites: application of in vivo and in vitro models for studies on the host-parasite relationship

Adv. Parasitol.

Cytologic diagnosis of peritoneal cestodiasis in dogs caused by Mesocestoides sp

Vet. Clin. Pathol.

The rarity of asexual reproduction among Mesocestoides tetrathyridia (Cestoda)

J. Parasitol.

Diagnostic procedures and treatment of eleven dogs with peritoneal infections caused by Mesocestoides spp

J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc.

An investigation of the helminth parasites of dogs in Shizuoka prefecture. Cestodes

Jpn. J. Parasitol.

Development and life cycle of the cestode, Mesocestoides paucitesticulus

Jpn. J. Vet. Med. Assoc.

One or two intermediate hosts in the life cycle of Mesocestoides (Cyclophyllidea, Mesocestoididae)?

Parasitol. Res.

Cited by (15)

Contact between Mesocestoides vogae tetrathyridia induces their division

Body cavity fluids

Tapeworms

Successful treatment of pleural and peritoneal larval mesocestoidosis with fenbendazole in two dogs

Body Cavity Fluids

Case report: Protein-losing enteropathy caused by Mesocestoides vogae (syn. M. corti) in a dog

Short CommunicationCase report: First confirmed case of canine peritoneal larval cestodiasis caused by Mesocestoides vogae (syn. M. corti) in Japan

Abstract

Introduction

Section snippets

Case report

Discussion

Acknowledgement

Vet. Parasitol.

Vet. Parasitol.

Adv. Parasitol.

Cytologic diagnosis of peritoneal cestodiasis in dogs caused by Mesocestoides sp

Vet. Clin. Pathol.

The rarity of asexual reproduction among Mesocestoides tetrathyridia (Cestoda)

J. Parasitol.

Diagnostic procedures and treatment of eleven dogs with peritoneal infections caused by Mesocestoides spp

J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc.

An investigation of the helminth parasites of dogs in Shizuoka prefecture. Cestodes

Jpn. J. Parasitol.

Development and life cycle of the cestode, Mesocestoides paucitesticulus

Jpn. J. Vet. Med. Assoc.

One or two intermediate hosts in the life cycle of Mesocestoides (Cyclophyllidea, Mesocestoididae)?

Parasitol. Res.

Short Communication
Case report: First confirmed case of canine peritoneal larval cestodiasis caused by Mesocestoides vogae (syn. M. corti) in Japan