InfertilityThe Association Between Testicular Microlithiasis and Semen Parameters in Chinese Adult Men With Fertility Intention: Experience of 226 Cases
Section snippets
Materials and Methods
We retrospectively reviewed the ultrasonography results of the reproductive system of 16,204 adult men who visited our hospital, a center for reproductive medicine, with fertility intention from November 2012 to October 2013. All these patients had routine scrotal ultrasonography examinations during this period.
Scrotal ultrasonography, operated by experienced sonographers with at least 3-year clinical experience, was performed in longitudinal and transverse sections by using the high-frequency
Results
There were 226 men (1.39%) diagnosed with TM. The mean age, BMI, and bilateral testicular volume were 28.96 ± 5.12 years (range, 21-46 years.), 25.74 ± 4.00 kg/m2 (range, 15.50-42.50 kg/m2), and 15.38 ± 4.90 mL (range, 1.62-31.23 mL), respectively. In total, 74 patients received chromosome examination, whereas 11 patients (14.86%) suffered from chromosomal abnormalities, as (46,XY,qh+) in 4 cases, (46,XY,1qh+), (46, XY, 13 ps+), (45, XY, der(13; 14)(q10; q10)), (45, XY, der(14; 15)(q10; q10)),
Comment
TM, as an uncommon pathologic entity, was first reported by Priebe and Garret in 1970.12 Later, the ultrasonographic appearance was first described by Doherty et al.13 Höbarth et al14 retrospectively reviewed 1710 testicular ultrasonographies performed on adults for a variety of reasons and found 11 cases (0.6%) of TM. As for the ultrasound examination, the incidence is generally accepted to be around 2% in the symptomatic population.15 Our study clearly showed 226 cases diagnosed with TM among
Conclusion
TM is negatively correlated with semen parameters in the population of subfertile men. The extent of microlithiasis correlates inversely with semen parameters (such that CTM presents with worse semen parameters on average than does LTM).
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Cited by (22)
The prognostic value of testicular microlithiasis as an incidental finding for the risk of testicular malignancy in children and the adult population: A systematic review. On behalf of the EAU pediatric urology guidelines panel
2021, Journal of Pediatric UrologyCitation Excerpt :In adults, testicular TM has been associated with a significantly increased risk for testicular malignancy compared to men in whom TM was absent (risk ratio of 8.5, 95%CI 4.5–16.1) [7]. In addition, the presence of TM is associated with impaired sperm parameters compared to adult men without TM [8]. However, no direct causative association between TM and malignancy or fertility has ever been found.
Testicular microlithiasis: Systematic review and Clinical guidelines
2019, Progres en UrologieCitation Excerpt :A recent pooled analysis of all these data showed an increased prevalence of testicular tumor in symptomatic patients with testicular microlithiasis compared to symptomatic patients without testicular microlithiasis (11.2% vs. 1%, P < 0.0001), respectively [34]. Fourteen studies reported on testicular microlithiasis and subfertility [7,35–47]. The testicular microlithiasis prevalence varied between 0.9% and 20.1%.
Prevalence and Chronological Changes of Testicular Microlithiasis in Isolated Congenital Undescended Testes Operated On at Less Than 3 Years of Age
2017, UrologyCitation Excerpt :Third, the advances in US equipment may allow greater detection of TM than previous studies. It has been reported that TM is associated with testicular malignancies and infertility in adults.7-12 The well-established risk factors for testicular malignancies and infertility in adults with TM were UDT, a history of testicular cancer, and a family history of testicular cancer.8,27
Functional histology of human scrotal wall layers and their overlooked relation with infertility: a narrative review
2023, International Journal of Impotence ResearchA Case of Carney Complex Diagnosed in Right Scrotum Myxoma
2023, Nishinihon Journal of Dermatology
Chao Xu and Jin-long Ma contributed equally.
Financial Disclosure: The authors declare that they have no relevant financial interests.
Funding Support: This work was supported by funds from the National Key Technology Research and Development Program (2011BAI17B00), the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) (2011CB944502), and the “Improving assisted reproductive technology clinical outcome with traditional Chinese drug named Unicorn-pellet” (Shandong University Funding Program No.12220011281307).