Cloning and tissues expression of the pig CYP1B1 and CYP2J34
Introduction
Cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes are a superfamily of heme-containing monooxygenases that catalyse the oxidation of a vast number of both endogenous and xenobiotic compounds (Nelson et al., 1996, Guengerich, 2005).
In human, 57 functional CYP genes have been identified to date (Nelson et al., 2004). A similar level of information is still lacking for pig, although this species shows many physiological characteristics that are close to those of humans (Swindle and Smith, 1998).
However, the use of pig is increasing as an alternative of non-rodent species in metabolic and toxicological studies (Skaanild, 2006) and to supply hepatocytes-based bio-artificial livers for patients waiting for liver transplantation (Gerlach, 1996, Desille et al., 1999). Up to now, a wide number of CYP genes, responsible for drug metabolism such as those belonging to 1–3 families, have been identified and cloned in pig (Nissen et al., 1998, Kojima and Morozumi, 2004, Sakuma et al., 2004, Anzenbacherova et al., 2005, Messina et al., 2008) but other essential CYPs such as the CYP1B1 and CYP2J remain to be fully investigated.
CYP1B1 enzymes are important because they were found very active in catalysing the bioactivation of many pro-carcinogenic polycyclic hydrocarbons and are constitutively expressed mainly in various steroidogenic and steroid-responsive tissues including testes, adrenal glands, breast and prostate (Chun and Kim, 2003). Also the CYP2J enzymes are of interest, as they were found to be active in the oxidation of endogenous substrates such as arachidonic acid producing metabolites particularly relevant in the cardiovascular system and are expressed primarily in the extra-hepatic tissues of mammals, including heart, intestine and kidney (Scarborough et al., 1999).
In the current study, we determined the open reading frame of two cDNAs encoding the porcine CYP1B1 and CYP2J34 and examined, by RT-PCR, their expression levels in several organs of domestic pig.
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Chemicals
All chemicals and reagents were of analytical grade. ThermoScript III RT, Gene Racer Kit, Platinum Pfx Taq Polymerase were from Invitrogen Life Technologies (Carlsbad, USA). Master Mix PCR, pGEM-T easy vector, Wizard® Plus SV MiniPrepsDNA Purification System were purchased from Promega (Madison, USA).
Animals
To perform this study we used three male castrated Large White per Landrace hybrid domestic pigs (30–35 kg body weight) aged about 3 months. The animals were housed at least for 10 days in floored
Results and discussion
In the present study, we have isolated and sequenced, using a PCR approach followed by RACE, two coding sequence cDNAs encoding porcine enzymes belonging to subfamilies CYP1B and CYP2J, which are particularly important in the metabolism of endogenous compounds beside the exogenous ones. These isolated CYP sequences submitted to Dr. D. Nelson (http://drnelson.uthsc.edu/CytochromeP450.html) were named porcine CYP1B1 and CYP2J34.
The nucleotide sequence of CYP1B1 possesses an open reading frame of
Conclusions
The availability of the coding sequences of porcine CYP1B1 and CYP2J34 will make possible to express these genes in a heterologous system yielding the corresponding functional enzymes and thereby to study their substrate specificity. This will extend our understanding of pig as a model of drug metabolism in human.
Acknowledgements
The authors acknowledge Dr. Salvini Mariangela from Dipartimento di Biologia delle Piante Agrarie Sezione di Genetica Università di Pisa, for phylogenetic analysis.
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