Stratospheric aerosol data records for the climate change initiative: Development, validation and application to chemistry-climate modelling

Highlights

• We derive 10 years of GOMOS stratospheric aerosol data for modelling applications.

• Algorithm AerGOM optimized for aerosol retrieval provides extinction at 5 channels.

• Inventory of 230 volcanic eruptions improves radiative forcing estimates using EMAC.

• Validation performed using three lidar stations at central, mid- and polar latitudes.

Abstract

This paper presents stratospheric aerosol climate records developed in the framework of the Aerosol_cci project, one of the 14 parallel projects from the ESA Climate Change Initiative. These data records were processed from a stratospheric aerosol dataset derived from the GOMOS experiment, using an inversion algorithm optimized for aerosol retrieval, called AerGOM. They provide a suite of aerosol parameters, such as the aerosol extinction coefficient at different wavelengths in the UV–visible range. The extinction record includes the total extinction as well as separate fields for liquid sulfate aerosols and polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs). Several additional fields (PSC flag, etc.) are also provided. The resulting stratospheric aerosol dataset, which spans the whole duration of the GOMOS mission (2002 − 2012), was validated using different reference datasets (lidar and balloon profiles).

In the present paper, the emphasis is put on the extinction records. After a thorough analysis of the original AerGOM dataset, we describe the methodology used to construct the gridded CCI-GOMOS dataset and the resulting improvements on both the AerGOM algorithm and the binning procedure, in terms of spatio-temporal resolution, coverage and data quality.

The extinction datasets were validated using lidar profiles from three ground-based stations (Mauna Loa, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Dumont d'Urville). The median difference of the CCI-GOMOS (Level 3) extinction and ground-based lidar profiles is between ~ 15% and ~ 45% in the 16–21 km altitude range, depending on the considered site and aerosol type.

The CCI-GOMOS dataset was subsequently used, together with a MIPAS SO₂ time series, to update a volcanic eruption inventory published previously, thus providing a more comprehensive list of eruptions for the ENVISAT period (2002–2012). The number of quantified eruptions increases from 102 to 230 in the updated inventory. This new inventory was used to simulate the evolution of the global radiative forcing by application of the EMAC chemistry-climate model. Results of this simulation improve the agreement between modelled global radiative forcing of stratospheric aerosols at about 100 hPa compared to values estimated from observations. Medium eruptions like the ones of Soufriere Hills/Rabaul (2006), Sarychev (2009) and Nabro (2011) cause a forcing change from about − 0.1 W/m² to − 0.2 W/m².