Nanomaterial transportation and exergy loss modeling incorporating CVFEM

Highlights

• Heat transfer and exergy loss of nanomaterial has been examined.

• CVFEM is applied to simulate current permeable geometry.

• Exergy drop reduces with decline of Lorentz forces.

• Augmenting Da and Ra make Bejan number to reduce.

Abstract

Numerical simulation of hybrid nanomaterial free convection with helps of CVFEM was performed. Dispersing nanomaterial can minimize the exergy loss. The modeling outputs were depicted in terms of 3D plots and contours. Because of reduction of irreversibility with inclusion of nanoparticles, hybrid nanofluid was employed. Increasing Ha results in greater X_d and it is more sensible when convection become stronger. The growth of permeability increases nanomaterial motion and reduces the exergy drop.

Introduction

Today, the thermic transfer can be improved by utilizing smart fluids, called nanofluids, which are the typical heat transfer fluids such as oil and water including metal oxide or metal nanofluids [[1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10], [11], [12]]. Numerous articles were published about convective heat transfer in the cavities of nanofluid with inner blocks [[13], [14], [15], [16], [17], [18], [19], [20], [21], [22], [23], [24], [25]]. To obtain high level efficiency of system, researchers provided different approaches [[26], [27], [28], [29], [30], [31], [32], [33], [34], [35], [36], [37], [38], [39], [40], [41]]. Kalidasan et al. [42] surveyed the laminar free flow of nanomaterial within cavities including inner a isothermal or adiabatic blocks by applying the single-phase model of nanofluid, illustrating that heat transfer improvement with mass fraction of nanoparticles for great Re. Conjugate convection in a nanifluid cavity with square shape including heat conducting blocks and inner isothermal by applying two-component nanhomogeneous equation for transferring ohenomena in nanofluids combining the influences of interaction of nano powders was scrutinized by Garoosi and Talebi [43] who concluded that incorporating nanoparticles with 5% mass fraction results in the convective stream repression whereas isotherms become steadier.

Inclusion of nanoparticles inside PCM was utilized by Sheikholeslami [44] to expedite the discharging rate. Reduction of nanomaterial flow owing to magnetic effect has been performed by Chu et al. [45].Solar radiation impact on solidification of copper oxide enhanced PCM was scrutinized by Sheikholeslami et al. [46].Impact of suction along the sheet with ferrofluid flow was demonstrated by Majeed et al. [47] and they reported the MHD impact with considering viscoelastic fluid. New numerical approaches for applicable geometries were applied to manage the energy. In current article, CVFEM is applied which was previously utilized for various mechanical problems. All published article illustrated the nice accuracy of this approach. Because of involving goods views of FEM and FVM, it can solve complex problem with low computational cost. Alsabery et al. [48] scrutinized the alumina-H₂O conjugate flow within a square shape tank including corner cooler and heater under the influence of centered solid blocks by utilizing the model of Buongiorno's nanofluid. Based on their results, a heat-conducting solid material high thermic conductivity reduces the places of high nanoparticles concentration. Moreover, they concluded that the length of solid material and the thermic conductivity proportion are more efficient terms for controlling thermic transfer in side container. Achieving the optimized design needs numerical simulations [[49], [50], [51], [52], [53], [54], [55], [56], [57], [58], [59], [60], [61], [62], [63], [64], [65], [66], [67], [68]]. Kladiasan et al. [69] has investigated copper-water nanofluid natural convection exposing 2 blocks which are adiabatic who applied flow function velocity equation to solve the single-phase nanomaterial numerically including Maxwell formulation for the efficient terms. They specified that the mixing influence of time-dependent sheet temperature and nanoparticles represses the hydrodynamic choke related to solid blocks, leading convective heat transfer to increase. Exergy destruction of nanomaterial inside a tube was carried out by Sheikholeslami and Farshad [70] and they insert turbulator to augment the intensity of turbulence. Peristaltic migration of ferrofluid was simulated by Zeeshan et al. [71] with incorporating two phase model. Controlling role of magnetic forces on migration of nano powders was scrutinized by Chu et al. [72] and outputs exhibited that the impact of Re on behavior of carrier fluid. In recent decade, researchers were illustrated high capability of numerical techniques [[73], [74], [75], [76], [77], [78], [79], [80], [81], [82], [83], [84], [85], [86], [87], [88], [89], [90], [91], [92], [93], [94], [95], [96]]. Heat storage units become more effective with involve of Nanomaterials [[97], [98], [99], [100], [101], [102], [103], [104], [105], [106], [107], [108], [109], [110], [111], [112]].

The main aim of present modeling is a simulation of free convection of hybrid nanoparticles with considering exergy loss. This is the first attempt in which porous tank was analyzed via CVFEM and outcomes were reported as new correlations. To reach greater accuracy, empirical formulas for estimation of properties were involved and porous zone was modeled via non-Darcy model. Irreversibility of system is significant issue which was scrutinized in current modeling.