Baseline
Faecal bacteria density in tropical seawater: The Itanemas' cove case study, Angra dos Reis, Brazil

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112027Get rights and content

Highlights

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    Faecal bacteria density was higher close to the outfall discharge.

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    Outfall discharged faecal bacteria independent of seasons and number of people.

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    Total and thermotolerant coliform were higher than Escherichia coli.

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    Itanemas' cove still a stable estuarine environment.

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    Baseline studies are recommended in Itanemas' cove.

Abstract

Angra dos Reis can receive up to 1.3 million tourists in the summer season. The lack of an adequate sanitary system makes sewage contamination a growing concern in Ribeira Bay, Angra dos Reis, Brazil. This study aims to investigate the seasonal variation of faecal indicator bacteria (FIB) and abiotic variables in Itanema cove situated within Ribeira Bay. Despite the seasonal population increase (>80 individuals) and the absence of an integrated sanitary system, our results indicate that Itanema is still a stable estuarine environment. From 2017 to 2019, the mean salinity was 27.91, pH was 7.82, and water temperature was 25.01 °C. However, the FIB number was 105, suggesting the absence of sewage treatment in Itanema's outfall. Following current conservation status, baseline studies are mandatory for background references of endangered coastal areas such as Itanema cove. These studies are crucial for future governance decisions and sustainable tourism implementation in Angra dos Reis.

Section snippets

CRediT authorship contribution statement

N. Krepsky and V.A.A. Lino: conceptualization, methodology, formal analysis, data Curation, writing the original draft, and visualization. F Silva dos Santos, and CAC. Naveira: Investigation and Resources. All authors contributed to manuscript revision, read, and approved the submitted version.

Declaration of competing interest

The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

Acknowledgements

Authors are thankful to the editor and anonymous reviewer for the constructive criticism. This work was supported by the Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, with a scholarship to Viviane A. A. Lino. Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior, Brazil, supported Fernanda Silva dos Santos with scholarship.

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