Antifungal activities of selected essential oils against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici 1322, with emphasis on Syzygium aromaticum essential oil
Section snippets
Chemicals and strains
The selected essential oils were procured from Gogia Chemicals, Okhla, New Delhi (India) and stored at 4°C till further used. Culture media, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), Tween-80 and resazurin were purchased from Merck, India. The resazurin indicator solution was prepared by dissolving a 270 mg tablet in 40 ml of sterile distilled water. A vortex mixer was used to ensure that it was a well-dissolved and homogenous solution. F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici 1322 strain was procured from Indian Type
Antifungal activity assay
All essential oils inhibited the mycelial growth of F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici in a dose-dependent manner (Fig. 1). A concentration of 125 ppm of clove essential oil completely inhibited the mycelial growth of fungus. Essential oils of lemon grass and mint were found to be fungicidal at 250 and 500 ppm, respectively. Eucalyptus oil exhibited fungal mycelial growth inhibition percentage ranging from 15.93% to 72.5%.
Inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of each essential oil were also
Discussion
The present investigation revealed that all essential oils tested, had moderate to high in vitro antifungal activity against F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici 1322. The varying susceptibility of the pathogen towards essential oils was reflected in trend received from both qualitative (mycelial growth inhibition) and quantitative (fungal spore germination) bioassays. The efficacy of essential oils against the pathogen was in the order of clove oil > lemongrass > mint > eucalyptus. The antifungal
Acknowledgments
This work was supported by Department of Biotechnology, Ministry of Science and Technology, Government of India (grant no. BT/PR7980/AGR/5/617/2013).
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