Mechanisms of allergy and clinical immunologyExposure-response analyses for platinum salt–exposed workers and sensitization: A retrospective cohort study among newly exposed workers using routinely collected surveillance data
Section snippets
Refineries
Seven platinum refineries in South Africa (n = 3), the United Kingdom (n = 3), and the United States (n = 1) were selected in collaboration with the International Platinum Group Metals Association for inclusion in a retrospective cohort study. All refineries routinely measure soluble platinum as a surrogate for chloroplatinate salts for statutory compliance testing and exposure management. In the remainder of the text, we use the term chloroplatinate exposure. These refineries all conducted
Results
In total, 1763 exposure measurements were available for analysis. Overall geometric mean levels of chloroplatinate are given per refinery in Table I. To a large extent, these differences in exposure levels reflect differences in the process applied to refine platinum from primary or secondary sources and differences in the presence of exposure control technology. The number of measurements with nondetectable chloroplatinate levels were high per refinery, ranging from 30% to 62%. In more recent
Discussion
A clear quantitative exposure-response relation for chloroplatinate salts and specific sensitization was observed in this longitudinal study among platinum refinery workers. The exposure-response relation for current exposure is characterized by an initial steep increase in risk starting at low exposure levels and leveling off at levels of greater than 200 ng/m3 for current exposure (Fig 1, A). Bell-shaped exposure-response relations were observed for cumulative exposure, suggesting a strong
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Disclosure of potential conflict of interest: D. Heederik, J. Jacobs, L. Portengen, and R. Houba have received research support from International Platinum Group Metals Association (IPA). F. van Rooy has received research support from Arbo Unie. S. Samadi declares no relevant conflicts of interest.