Gold/Konjac glucomannan bionanocomposites for catalytic degradation of mono-azo and di-azo dyes

doi:10.1016/j.inoche.2020.108156

Inorganic Chemistry Communications

Volume 120, October 2020, 108156

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.inoche.2020.108156 Get rights and content

Highlights

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Green and straightforward synthesis of gold nanoparticles using Konjac glucomannan.
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The carbohydrate compounds in konjac serve as both reducing and stabilization agents.
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Particles are in spherical, crystalline, stabilized, and coated by konjac layer.
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The AuNPs have shown efficient catalytic degradation of both mono- and di-azo dyes.

Abstract

Herein, a simple Konjac glucomannan (KGM) reduced and stabilized colloidal gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were biosynthesized without using any toxic reagents. Their surface plasmon resonance (SPR), morphology, crystallinity, particle size distribution, composition’s spectra, and stability were explored in detail. Results revealed that the particles are mostly in spherical shapes, smaller in size (45.72 ± 13.05 nm) with a narrow distribution, highly crystalline (d–spacing = 0.204–0.231 nm), well stabilized (zeta potential =  − 29.8 mV) and coated by thin KGM layer of cladding. The synthesized AuNPs demonstrate excellent catalytical performance, and the reaction follows pseudo-kinetic first-order in the catalytic degradation of both mono-azo and di-azo dyes.

Graphical abstract

Introduction

The extensive uses of nanomaterials in numerous areas due to their fascinating functional properties have become a growing interest [1], [2], [3]. Unfortunately, their broader applications are hindered by their instability and aggregation tendency [4]. Hence, biogenic synthesis of nanoparticles employing natural reducing and stabilizing agents such as plants extract [5], [6], carbohydrates [7], [8], [9], [10], and biological microorganism [11], have appeared as a feasible alternative to more complex chemically synthesized particles [12], [13]. Konjac glucomannan (KGM) is such a type of natural carbohydrates, has been broadly used for its valuable multifunctional characteristics in medical sectors [14]. Chemically, KGM polysaccharide comprising of β–1,4 linked β–d–glucose, β–d–mannose, and acetyl groups ( single bond COCH₃) casually connected to the saccharide units spanning the molecule (Fig. 1a: inset). Recently, reducing and stabilizing features of KMG were studied through the synthesis of iron-nickel alloy nanoparticles [15], silver nanoparticles [16], [17], selenium nanoparticle [18] and palladium-complex [19]. However, KGM has not been studied yet in the synthesis of AuNPs for the catalytic degradation of azo dyes. Azo dyes, on the other hand, named after one (mono), two (di) or more (poly) single bond N double bond N groups containing synthetic dyestuffs typically use in the textile and leather industry [20], [21]. They are difficult to degrade due to the presence of nitrogen molecules in their structures and considered as highly carcinogenic and mutagenic [22], [23]. Therefore, the current work presents a simple, rapid, and efficient synthesis of KGM mediated AuNPs using KGM, as well as their catalytic performance against azo dyes degradation.

Section snippets

Materials and methods

Konjac glucomannan (KGM, purity of 95%) was supplied by Shiyan Huaxianzi Konjac Productions Co., Ltd., Hubei, China. Analytical grade chloroauric acid (HAuCl₄), sodium hydroxide (NaOH), sodium borohydride (NaBH₄) were all sourced from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China. Azo dyes were provided by DyStar Colours Deutschland GmbH, Germany.

Initially, 0.3% KGM aqueous solutions were prepared in 1L distilled water at room temperature by magnetic stirring for 1 h, and then another

Result and discussion

While a colorless KGM solution was mixed with yellow HAuCl₄, a pale-pink color was primarily observed, which was steadily transformed into purplish-red as the reaction was proceeded, representing the generation of AuNPs. As a proof concept, the UV–vis absorption peak of HAuCl₄ observed at 304 nm (due to the d–d transition of Au^III ions) was disappeared entirely, thus, confirming the reduction of Au^III into Au⁰ (Fig. 1a). Simultaneously, due to the excitation of longitudinal plasmon vibrations

Conclusion

KGM has been used as both stabilizing and reducing agents for the synthesis of AuNPs in a reaction pathway, satisfying the conditions of a green process. Mostly spherical in shaped, highly crystalline, well-dispersed, durable, and KGM-molecule capped AuNPs were obtained. The synthesized particles can serve as tremendous catalysts for the degradation of both mono-azo and di-azo dyes, as confirmed by Pseudo-first-order kinetics constant (k). This emerging tactic offers a simple, cost-effective,

Declaration of Competing Interest

The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

Acknowledgments

The authors thank the kind support of this work from Key Laboratory of Biomass Fibers & Eco-Dyeing and Finishing, Hubei Province (STRZ201906, STRZ2019015), the Hubei Knowledge Innovation Projects (2019CFC884), and the project of Hubei Education Department (B2019066). Authors thank Deepesh C. Jayasekara (Research Fellow, University of Nottingham, UK) for his assistance in revision.

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Short communicationGold/Konjac glucomannan bionanocomposites for catalytic degradation of mono-azo and di-azo dyes

Highlights

Abstract

Graphical abstract

Introduction

Section snippets

Materials and methods

Result and discussion

Conclusion

Declaration of Competing Interest

Acknowledgments

Mater. Lett.

Spectrochim. Acta Part A Mol. Biomol. Spectrosc.

Inorg. Chem. Commun.

Trends Biotechnol.

Inorg. Chem. Commun.

Inorg. Chem. Commun.

Carbohydr. Polym.

Mater. Lett.

React. Funct. Polym.

Inorg. Chem. Commun.

Multifunctional organic cotton fabric based on silver nanoparticles green synthesized from sodium alginate

Text. Res. J.

Chinese Knot Inspired Ag Nanowire Membrane for Robust Separation in Water Remediation

Adv. Mater. Interfaces

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Fibers

Gold-carboxymethyl cellulose nanocomposites greenly synthesized for fluorescent sensitive detection of Hg (II)

J. Cluster Sci.

Short communication
Gold/Konjac glucomannan bionanocomposites for catalytic degradation of mono-azo and di-azo dyes