Comparison of the breastfeeding patterns of mothers who delivered their babies per vagina and via cesarean section: An observational study using the LATCH breastfeeding charting system

doi:10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2006.04.018

International Journal of Nursing Studies

Volume 44, Issue 7, September 2007, Pages 1128-1137

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2006.04.018 Get rights and content

Abstract

Background

Breastfeeding has many advantages for both mothers and infants. Several factors related to the mother and the baby, however, have a negative effect on the initiation of breastfeeding. Mode of delivery is one of these factors. When delivery takes place by cesarean section, the mother becomes a surgical patient with all the inherent risks and problems. Cesarean delivery under general anesthesia rates are currently rising our country, but the effects of this factor on the initiation and duration of breastfeeding are unclear.

Objective

The purpose of this study was to assess and compare the breastfeeding process in mothers who had cesarean deliveries (CD) with those who delivered vaginally (VD).

Design

This study is an observational and comparative study.

Setting

The environment of the research was the private hospital in Istanbul.

Participants

The samples in the research were volunteer participant mothers who were delivered of healthy neonates. There were 118 incidents of CD under general anesthesia and 82 of VD chosen for the study.

Methods

Data was obtained using an “Introductory Information Form” which was prepared as suggested by related literature, and by using the “(LATCH) Breastfeeding Charting System.”

Results

According to the LATCH Scoring System, the average score for the first breastfeeding was 6.27 and 8.81 for the third in CD mothers and 7.46 for the first breastfeeding and 9.70 for the third in VD mothers. Statistically meaningful differences were defined between the first ( $t = 10.48$ ; $p < . 001$ ), second ( $t = 7.82$ ; $p < . 001$ ), and third ( $t = 7.12$ ; $p < . 001$ ) breastfeeding sessions in both CD and VD mothers.

Conclusions

It was found that the pattern of delivery affects breastfeeding and that CD mothers need more support and help as compared to VD mothers. CD mothers were seen to need more support, particularly in positioning their babies for breastfeeding.

Section snippets

What is already known about the topic?

•
Previous studies have focused topic on numerous breastfeeding success in the world. However, there has been limited research on negatively or positively breastfeeding success on the mode of birth.
•
Previous studies have focused largely on breastfeeding assessment in general all over the world, but there has been insufficient research of measurement that assess breastfeeding pattern in Turkey.

What this paper adds

•
This study has shown and explored the differences of breastfeeding success depending on mode of birth.
•
The LATCH Charting System, which we have used in this assessment, is an effective tool in setting apart the difference between the two groups.

In a comparison of the average points recorded by delivered vaginally (VD) and cesarean deliveries (CD) mothers at the first, second and third breastfeeding session according to the LATCH charting system, it was determined that there was a significant

Methods

The research was an observational and comparative study assessing the breastfeeding patterns of mothers who had given birth through cesarean and through vaginal delivery.

The research project was first presented to the Ethical Board of Marmara University Health Sciences Institute, then to the Marmara University Medical School Ethical Board, and finally to the board of directors of the hospital in which the study was to take place.

Work on the study began after appropriate written permission was

Results

The mothers in the study were divided into two groups according to the mode of delivery-CD and VD. The findings of the research were examined in 5 different categories.

Discussion

Research has supported the thesis that a women's obstetrical experience may influence her breastfeeding behavior.

Literature shows that cesarean delivery may adversely affect the mother's bonding with her child, acting as an obstacle in the way of a positive mother and child relationship and making it difficult for the mother to accept the infant (Heck et al., 2003; İnce, 1998). In a cesarean section delivery, the mother is a surgical patient carrying the risks and problems that this entails (

Conclusions and recommendations

In Turkey, as in much of the developing world, CD is still usually performed under general anesthesia and mothers take longer to recover from the effects of the anesthesia, being delayed in becoming sufficiently awake to hold and breastfeed their babies.

In conclusion, it has been seen that mode of delivery affects breastfeeding after birth and CD mothers are more likely to need support and help in breastfeeding compared with VD mothers. This study has shown that mothers need more professional

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View full text

Comparison of the breastfeeding patterns of mothers who delivered their babies per vagina and via cesarean section: An observational study using the LATCH breastfeeding charting system

Abstract

Background

Objective

Design

Setting

Participants

Methods

Results

Conclusions

Section snippets

What is already known about the topic?

What this paper adds

Methods

Results

Discussion

Conclusions and recommendations

Journal Obstetric Gynecology Neonatal Nursing

Policy statement: breastfeeding and the use of human milk

Pediatrics

The Practice of Nursing Research. Conduct, Critique and Utilization

Breastfeeding initiation and duration; a 1990–2000 literature review

JOGNN

Maternal factors associated with choice and duration

Journal of Epidomiology and Community Health

Doğum hizmeti veren hastanelerde “Başarılı Emzirme İçin On Adım Uygulamaları” ve emzirme danışmanlığı (The Ten-Step Program in Successful Breastfeeding at obstetrical hospitals and breastfeeding consulting services)

Jinekoloji ve Obstetrik Dergisi (Journal of Gynocology and Obstetrics)

Sezeryan dogum yapan bir grup kadinin doguma iliskin gorusleri ve dogum sonu erken donemde yasadiklari sorunlar (Opinions of a group of women who had caesarean sections about their births and their problems in the early postpartum period)

Journal of Nursing in Istanbul University College Nursing

Does postpartum Length of stay affect breastfeeding duration? A population based study

Birth

Türkiye’de anne ve çocukların durum analizi işbirliği programı (Cooperative program on the analysis of the status of mothers and children in Turkey)

Intention to breastfeed in low-income pregnant women: the role of social support and previous experience

Birth