ReviewA review of heat transfer deterioration of supercritical carbon dioxide flowing in vertical tubes: Heat transfer behaviors, identification methods, critical heat fluxes, and heat transfer correlations
Section snippets
Abbreviations
- HTC
Heat transfer coefficient
- HTD
Heat transfer deterioration
- SCFs
Supercritical fluids
- SCW
Supercritical water
- SCO2
Supercritical carbon dioxide
Summary of recent experiments on SCO2 flowing in vertical tubes
Since Schmidt et al. [16,17] found that the HTC of fluids at near-critical pressures showed great superiority than that at conventional pressures, intensive research was done to explore the heat transfer characteristics of SCFs. Duffey and Pioro [18,19] carried out an exhaustive literature search on the early experiments on supercritical heat transfer. Features of these studies and general regularities to supercritical heat transfer were summarized, which provided important guidance for the
Behavior of HTD for different parameters
Heat transfer to SCFs is very sensitive to parameters such as mass flux, heat flux, flow orientation, operating pressure, inlet temperature, turbulence, tube geometry, and tube size. It is essential to ascertain the complicated heat transfer behaviors and possible reasons. Generally, the wall temperature profiles, and the calculated HTC are more reasonable indexes to represent the heat transfer behavior of SCFs, while the Nusselt number is not recommended since it includes other uncertain
Identification methods to distinguish HTD and non-HTD
With more and deeper investigations on supercritical heat transfer, researchers have recognized the importance of HTD identification methods. Because the identification methods have profound influence and are partly responsible for the discrepancies on the onset criteria and heat transfer correlations, it is essential to explore the methods to distinguish HTD and non-HTD cases prior to the investigation of critical heat fluxes and heat transfer correlations.
Summary and assessment of the criteria for the onset of HTD
The critical heat flux qc to initiate the HTD is important for the safety analysis of supercritical cycle systems. Numerous studies have conducted investigations on the prediction of qc. Researchers found that the magnitude of qc mainly depends on the mass flux G and proposed linear equations between qc and G [70], [71], [72]. However, as discussed above, qc and G are more than a linear relationship. Therefore, some studies determine qc as a power function of G, i.e., qc = mGn. Although this
Summary of heat transfer correlations
Researchers have been working on empirical correlations for supercritical heat transfer since the 1950s. Nowadays, based on the recent experimental data, there are still numerous investigations to evaluate the previous correlations and to develop more reasonable ones. A general conclusion is that the tested correlations show considerable disagreement with the experimental data in their studies. No correlation can predict the heat transfer well over wide parameter ranges, especially when HTD
Concluding remarks
A detailed and systemic survey on HTD of SCO2 is presented. The summary of recent experimental studies of SCO2 in vertical flows indicates that there are limited investigations for smaller tubes especially for d < 2 mm, and most experiments are conducted at a relatively fixed q/G interval. Normally, HTD is prone to occur at higher heat loads when the mass flux is greater. The HTC decreases with increasing heat flux, but for very small mass fluxes, the HTC is increased initially with increasing
Declaration of Competing Interest
We wish to confirm that there are no known conflicts of interest associated with this publication and there has been no significant financial support for this work that could have influenced its outcome.
We confirm that the manuscript has been read and approved by all named authors and that there are no other persons who satisfied the criteria for authorship but are not listed. We further confirm that the order of authors listed in the manuscript has been approved by all of us.
Acknowledgements
The present work was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51676163), the National 111 Project (B18041) and Science, Technology and Innovation Commission of Shenzhen Municipality (JCYJ20170306155153048).
References (108)
- et al.
Analysis for flexible operation of supercritical CO2 Brayton cycle integrated with solar thermal systems
Energy
(2017) - et al.
Thermodynamic investigations of the supercritical CO2 system with solar energy and biomass
Appl. Energy
(2018) - et al.
European supercritical water cooled reactor
Nucl. Eng. Des.
(2011) - et al.
Generation IV nuclear reactors: current status and future prospects
Energy Policy
(2013) - et al.
Gospodinov. Supercritical-water heat transfer in vertical bare tube
Nucl. Eng Des.
(2010) - et al.
Heat transfer to supercritical fluids flowing in channels—empirical correlations (survey)
Nucl. Eng. Des.
(2004) - et al.
Study on identification method of heat transfer deterioration of supercritical fluids in vertically heated tubes
Int. J. Heat. Mass Transf.
(2018) - et al.
Assessment of performance of turbulence models in predicting supercritical pressure heat transfer in a vertical tube
Int. J. Heat Mass Transf.
(2008) - et al.
Numerical simulation of heat transfer deterioration phenomenon in supercritical water through vertical tube
Ann. Nucl. Energy
(2010) - et al.
Validation and analyses of RANS CFD models for turbulent heat transfer of hydrocarbon fuels at supercritical pressures
Int. J. Therm. Sci.
(2018)
Experimental study on the performance of solar Rankine system using supercritical CO2
Renew. Energy
Transcritical carbon dioxide heat pump systems: a review
Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev.
A review of transcritical carbon dioxide heat pump and refrigeration cycles
Energy
Development and experimental study of a supercritical CO2 axial turbine applied for engine waste heat recovery
Appl. Energy
Experimental heat transfer in supercritical water flowing inside channels (survey)
Nucl. Eng. Des.
Experimental heat transfer of supercritical carbon dioxide flowing inside channels (survey)
Nucl. Eng. Des.
A brief review on convection heat transfer of fluids at supercritical pressures in tubes and the recent progress
Appl. Energy
State-of-the-art on flow and heat transfer characteristics of supercritical CO2 in various channels
J. Supercrit Fluid
A comprehensive review on heat transfer and pressure drop characteristics and correlations with supercritical CO2 under heating and cooling applications
Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev.
Wall temperature measurements with turbulent flow in heated vertical circular/non-circular channels of supercritical pressure carbon-dioxide
Int. J. Heat Mass Transf.
Heat transfer characteristics of a supercritical fluid flow in a vertical pipe
J. Supercrit Fluid
Experimental and numerical investigation of convection heat transfer of CO2 at supercritical pressures in a vertical tube at low Reynolds numbers
Int. J. Therm. Sci.
Experimental and numerical investigation of convection heat transfer of CO2 at supercritical pressures in a vertical mini-tube
Int. J. Heat Mass Transf.
Experimental investigation of heat transfer of supercritical carbon dioxide flowing in a cooled vertical tube
Int. J. Heat Mass Transf.
Forced and mixed convection heat transfer to supercritical CO2 vertically flowing in a uniformly-heated circular tube
Exp. Therm. Fluid Sci.
Experimental investigation of convection heat transfer of CO2 at supercritical pressures in a vertical circular tube
Exp. Therm. Fluid Sci.
Experimental study of the effects of flow acceleration and buoyancy on heat transfer in a supercritical fluid flow in a circular tube
Nucl. Eng. Des.
Developing empirical heat-transfer correlations for supercritical CO2 flowing invertical bare tubes
Nucl. Eng. Des.
Convection heat transfer of supercritical pressure carbon dioxide in a vertical micro tube from transition to turbulent flow regime
Int. J. Heat Mass Transf.
Measurements of convective heat transfer to vertical upward flows of CO2 in circular tubes at near-critical and supercritical pressures
Nucl. Eng. Des.
An experimental study on heat transfer between supercritical carbon dioxide and water near the pseudo-critical temperature in a double pipe heat exchanger
Int. J. Heat Mass Transf.
Convective heat transfer in supercritical flows of CO2 in tubes with and without flow obstacles
Nucl. Eng. Des.
Improvement of buoyancy and acceleration parameters for forced and mixed convective heat transfer to supercritical fluids flowing in vertical tubes
Int. J. Heat Mass Transf.
Onset of heat transfer deterioration in vertical pipe flows of CO2 at supercritical pressures
Int. J. Heat Mass Transf.
Investigation of buoyancy-enhanced heat transfer of supercritical CO2 in upward and downward tube flows
J. Supercrit Fluid
Special heat transfer characteristics of supercritical CO2 flowing in a vertically-upward tube with low mass flux
Int. J. Heat Mass Transf.
Experimental investigation on the heat transfer characteristics of supercritical CO2 at various mass flow rates in heated vertical-flow tube
Appl. Therm. Eng.
Experimental study on convection heat transfer of supercritical CO2 in small upward channels
Energy
Heat transfer and hydraulic resistance of supercritical-pressure coolants. Part І: specifics of thermophysical properties of supercritical pressure fluids and turbulent heat transfer under heating conditions in round tubes (state of the art)
Int. J. Heat Mass Transf.
Influence of channel scale on the convective heat transfer of CO2 at supercritical pressure in vertical tubes
Int. J. Heat Mass Transf.
Diameter effect on supercritical heat transfer
Int. Commun. Heat Mass
An experimental investigation of convection heat transfer to supercritical carbon dioxide in miniature tubes
Int. J. Heat Mass Transf.
Thermal-hydraulic characteristics of supercritical pressure CO2 in vertical tubes under cooling and heating conditions
Energy
Models of heat transfer to fluids at supercritical pressure with influences of buoyancy and acceleration
Appl. Therm. Eng.
New analytical method for single-phase convective heat transfer and unified mechanism analyses on buoyancy-induced supercritical convective heat transfer deterioration
Int. J. Heat Mass Transf.
A brief review on the buoyancy criteria for supercritical fluids
Appl. Therm. Eng.
Relaminarization in tubes
Int. J. Heat Mass Transf.
Heat transfer to a turbulent boundary layer with varying free-stream velocity and varying surface temperature—an experimental study
Int. J. Heat Mass Transf.
Temperature, velocity and mean turbulence structure in strongly heated internal gas flows: comparison of numerical predictions with data
Int. J. Heat Mass Transf.
Crossing the Widom-line—supercritical pseudo-boiling
J. Supercrit Fluid
Cited by (100)
Machine learning and prediction study on heat transfer of supercritical CO<inf>2</inf> in pseudo-critical zone
2024, Applied Thermal EngineeringExperimental analysis of a tri-partite brazed plate gas cooler for CO<inf>2</inf> heat pump water heaters
2024, Applied Thermal EngineeringComputational assessment for local and total heat transfer characteristics of supercritical CO<inf>2</inf> in horizontal heated Micro-Channel
2024, Thermal Science and Engineering ProgressExperimental investigation of heat transfer to carbon dioxide in parallel rectangular channels under supersonic mainstream
2024, Applied Thermal EngineeringRapid 2-Dimensional prediction of supercritical CO<inf>2</inf> heat transfer behaviors in inclined tubes based on deep learning
2024, Applied Thermal EngineeringStudy on heat transfer characteristics of supercritical CO<inf>2</inf>/propane mixtures in vertical tube
2024, Annals of Nuclear Energy