Factor analysis of key parameters for effective design delivery of urban transport infrastructure in Ethiopia

Urban infrastructure can be depicted as critical facilities for providing urban public services and supporting urban socioeconomic activities. Economic growth, especially the provision of sustainable mobility in urban areas, is found to be reliant on the availability of effective transport infrastructure. Urban transport assets, mainly road and railway infrastructure, have notable influence on the safety and convenient connectivity of economies, communities, and ecosystems. While the vitality of urban transport infrastructure provision is well recognized, its practice is marred by several challenges. Addressing those challenges may require interventions throughout the life cycle of the facilities, including planning, design, construction, commissioning, operation, and demolition phases. This study, however, focuses on formulating key guiding principles and methods for effective design of transport infrastructure in urban areas of Ethiopia. The provision of transport infrastructure requires an effective design methodology throughout the lifecycle of the built element. The study involved a thorough analysis of the literature review to identify the current delivery approaches, and a questionnaire survey with a sample size of 204 (N = 204) was then utilized to determine, based on the opinions of experts, the most efficient methods of delivering transportation infrastructure. A descriptive and factor analysis were utilized to forward the demographic data of the research findings and to identify the key components of transport infrastructure delivery through design, respectively. The study found that the principal components that directly impact the design and delivery process of urban transport are design context, design necessities, institutional competency, and professional competency. It can be concluded that consideration of the principal components at the time of design assignment would facilitate the design products' effectiveness.


SUSTAINABLE URBAN BRIDGE DESIGN IN ETHIOPIA (A SURVEY)
This is a Ph.D. study to develop a multi-criteria framework for designing a sustainable urban bridge at Addis Ababa University.You are invited to participate in the study by completing the following survey which will take approximately 25 minutes to complete.The questionnaire has five sections: Section A: Background information, Section B: Identification of effective planning and design delivery mechanisms of urban transport infrastructures, Section C: Application of sustainability principles in the urban bridge design process, Section D: Development of sustainable urban bridge design criteria for multi-criteria framework and Section E: Identification of key roles of a multi-criteria framework for sustainable urban bridge design.

SECTION A: BACKGROUND INFORMATION
Please tick the appropriate box or fill in the blank space when answering the questions.

1) Gender:
Male Note: Effective Delivery Mechanisms (EDM) of transport infrastructures are meant to be effective parameters to measure how the transport infrastructures such as roads and railways function to deliver the intended purpose.
Rate on a scale of 1 to 5 the following parameters in terms of their importance in the identification of effective mechanisms about delivering urban transport infrastructure under which they are listed (1= not important, 2= low importance, 3=neutral, 4= important & 5 = very important).Note: Sustainable design is an alternative approach to traditional/conventional design which leads toward a less consumptive mindset that embraces global interdependence, environmental stewardship, social responsibility, economic viability, and technologically systematic and considers the impacts of design choices at local, regional, and global levels.
1. On a scale of 1-5, rate the following statements that best represent your opinion/perception of sustainability based on your bridge design practice (1= strongly disagree,2=disagree, 3= neutral, 4= agree & 5 = strongly agree).Note: A multi-criteria framework is a framework that includes numerous criteria of a relationship between broad use of difficult-to-understand ideas, concepts, and methodologies.
Rate on a scale of 1 to 5 the following criteria in terms of their importance in the sustainable urban bridge design and about the sustainability categories under which they are listed.(1= not important, 2=low importance,3= neutral, 4= important & 5 = very important).

) Years of experience in bridge infrastructure design in particular:
☐Other (please specify): _________________________________________________________________5) Years of experience in design in general:

APPLICATION OF SUSTAINABILITY PRINCIPLES IN URBAN BRIDGE DESIGN PROCESS
(Please tick/click from the options where applicable)

DEVELOPMENT OF SUSTAINABLE URBAN BRIDGE DESIGN CRITERIA FOR MULTI
Important for Planners, Architects, and Engineers to be conscious that some of the designs they execute have an impact on society.Architects, and Engineers to be conscious that some of the designs they execute have an impact on the institution's performance.Architects, and Engineers to be conscious that some of the designs they execute have an impact on technological usage.What obstacles currently prevent you from practicing a sustainable design of urban bridges in your design assignment?Please rate on a scale of 1-5 (very low=1, low=2, moderate =3, high=4 & very high =5).What benefits are available for practicing a sustainable design of urban bridges in your design assignment?Please rate on a scale of 1-5 (very low=1, low=2, moderate =3, high=4 & very high =5).
2.Based on your experience, please rate the following (on a scale of 1-5) how they affect your sustainable design practices (very low=1, low=2, moderate =3, high=4 & very high =5).-CRITERIA FRAMEWORK (Please tick/click the options where applicable)

IDENTIFICATION OF KEY ROLE OF MULTI-CRITERIA FRAMEWORK FOR SUSTAINABLE URBAN BRIDGE DESIGN (Please
tick/click the options where applicable) Rate on a scale of 1 to 5 the following key roles degree of importance in the sustainable urban bridge design in Ethiopia (1= not important, 2=low importance,3= neutral, 4= important & 5 = very important).This is the end of the survey.Thank you very much for your time.