Short communicationEssential oil composition of Coriandrum sativum seed cultivated in Algeria as food grains protectant
Introduction
Coriandrum sativum L. is widely distributed and mainly cultivated for seeds. The seeds contain an essential oil and the monoterpenoid, linalool, is the main component (Eikani, Golmohammad, & Rowshanzamir, 2007). This culinary and medicinal plant from the Umbelliferae family is of economic importance since it has been used as a flavouring agent in food products, perfumes and cosmetics. Moreover, the essential oil and various extracts from coriander have been shown to possess antibacterial, antioxidant, antidiabetic, anticancerous and antimutagenic activities (Msaada et al., 2007). The composition of the volatile oil isolated from coriander seeds was already studied by some authors using different extraction methods (Grosso et al., 2008).
Research studies on plant essential oils and their constituents as fumigants against stored-product insects have been reviewed. Fumigant toxicity tests conduced with essential oils of plants and their components have largely focused on beetle pest (Rajendran & Sriranjini, 2008). Sitophilus species are major pests of stored grains and grain products throughout the world (Lopez, Jordan, & P-Villalobos, 2008). Control of these insects relies heavily on the use of synthetic insecticides and fumigants, which has resulted in several problems, including environmental disturbances, increasing costs of application, pest resurgence, pest resistance to pesticides, and lethal effects on non-target organisms, in addition to direct toxicity to users (Sahaf, Moharramipour, & Meshkatalsadat, 2008).
The objective of the current study was to determine the chemical constituents and fumigant toxicity of the essential oil of C. sativum seed cultivated in Algeria against the adult of Sitophilus granarius, an important stored-product beetle observed in grain storage facilities in different countries.
Section snippets
Plant material
Coriander seeds were collected from cultivated plants in Sétif region (Eastern Algeria) during May 2007. Sétif is 1096 m above sea level (Coordinates: 36°11′N 5°24′E). It is one of the coldest regions during winter in Algeria. It frequently sees an annual snowfall of up to 40 cm. The summer is fairly hot where extreme heat waves are common around the month of July and temperatures can sometimes reach 40 °C.
For collection, only full green fruits were harvested.
Essential oil isolation
Fresh C. sativum seeds (300 g × 15) were
Chemical constituents of essential oil
The constituents identified by GC–MS analysis, in order of elution on HP-5 and the quantitative data (GC-FID peak area percentages without correction factors) are presented in Table 1. The oil was dominated by monoterpenes. The major components were linalool (73.11%), p-mentha-1,4-dien-7-ol (6.51%), α-pinene (3.41%) and neryl acetate (3.22%).
In addition, Table 1 summarises previous investigations of authors on the analysis of the volatile oils from coriander. The chemical composition of our C.
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