Data on characteristics of simplicia, phytoconstituents, and antioxidant activity of Moringa oleifera leaves ethanol extract

The article reports data on the chemical and pharmacological characteristics of Moringa oleifera simplicia and ethanol extract consisting of water content, acid-insoluble ash content, microbial contamination, heavy metal contamination, phytochemical analysis, TLC analysis, chemical profiling using LC-MS/MS, and the antioxidant activity. The M. oleifera leaves simplicia meet quality standards, except for ash content that exceeds the specified standards. Qualitative phytochemistry indicates that the ethanol extract of M. oleifera leaves contains flavonoids, tannins, and steroids. In total of 39 phytoconstituents were tentatively identified; the top 10 active compounds with the highest relative abundance percentage (%) are 4-undecylbenzenesulfonic acid (4,83), apigetrin (3,34), quercetin-3β-D-glucoside (3,28), D-(-)-quinic acid (1,69), corchorifatty acid F (1,52), 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde (1,47), isopropylmalic acid (1,17), 13(S)-HOTrE (1,08), astragalin (0,99), and D-(+)-phenyllactic acid (0,70). The ethanol extract of M. oleifera leaves contained a total phenolic content 7728,02 mg/kg, total flavonoids as quercetin content 1,19%, and antioxidant activity IC50 1422,45 mg/kg.


Background
Moringa oleifera Lam. is one of the most popular and important natural herbal plants cultivated globally [1] , including in Indonesia.M. oleifera has garnered significant attention due to the remarkable benefits found in all parts of the plant including the roots, stems, leaves, flowers, fruits, and seeds [2] .It is a plant with high nutraceutical and medicinal potential being exceptionally rich in essential nutrients and phytochemicals [ 3 , 4 ].Extract of M. oleifera evince diverse pharmacological activities, like antimicrobial, antioxidant, wound healing, and other pharmacological activities [5] .The purpose of compiling this dataset is to provide a proposal of comprehensive information on the characteristics of simplicia, active compounds, and antioxidant activity of M. oleifera leaves ethanol extract.Theoretically, characterizing simplicia, determining active compounds, and testing antioxidant activity are crucial for assessing the quality and safety of raw materials [6] in developing M. oleifera leaves-based products with health benefits.The information contained in this dataset can be utilized by researchers, scientists, and healthcare professionals interested in harnessing M. oleifera leaves for therapeutic purposes.This article could benefit previous studies by offering a complete dataset that can be used for further analysis or compared with similar research.

Data Description
The growing environments data of the M. oleifera plant collected as sample in this study were presented in Table 1 , while the characteristics of M. oleifera leaves simplicia were shown in Table 2 .The data of fresh weight to dry weight conversion of M. oleifera leaves, further from simplicia to the extract until obtaining a 70% ethanol extract yield were presented in Table 3 .Qualitative phytochemical screening data and thin-layer chromatography profiles of the ethanol extract of M. Oleifera leaves were shown in Table 4 and Fig. 1 , respectively.The chromatogram data of LC-MS/MS for the ethanol extract of M. Oleifera leaves and corresponding phytochemical were presented in Fig. 2 and Table 5 , respectively, while Table 6 displayed data on the top 10 phytoconstituents with the highest relative abundance percentage.The distribution of the percentage of compound groups based on superclasses in sample was displayed in Fig. 3 .Finally, a qualitatively observed intensity degree of secondary metabolites.The more + sign was, the more content of secondary metabolites estimated.
b no corresponding secondary metabolites observed for -sign.the data of total phenolic content, total flavonoid as quercetin content, and antioxidant activity test with IC 50 percentage as a parameter were depicted in Table 7 .

Collection of plant material and preparation
The fresh leaves of M. oleifera were gathered from the Kokalukuna district, Baubau city, Southeast Sulawesi, with geographical coordinates 05 °25 41.68" S 122 °39 12.47" E or 51M 461611 939987.Before the collection, environmental parameters were measured at the moringa plant's growing location, including altitude (altimeter EXA tools), air temperature (mercury thermometer), air humidity (thermometer-hygrometer Power Star Apps), soil temperature, soil moisture, soil pH, and light intensity (all use soil survey instrument 4 in 1).Harvesting was conducted in the morning, in mid-April 2023.The collected leaves comprised a mixture of young and mature leaves.After washing with running tap water, the M. oleifera leaves were placed in a large food tray covered with thin black fabric and dried under sunlight.The dried leaves were ground using an electric blender and sieved through an 80-mesh to obtain powdered simplicia.The simplicia was characterized based on specific parameters (organoleptic test) and nonspecific parameters (water content, ash content, acid-insoluble ash content, microbial contamination, and heavy metal contamination) [7] .Water content, ash content, and acid-insoluble ash content were analyzed using gravimetric analysis techniques, while microbial contamination and heavy metal contamination were evaluated using the pour plate method and ICP OES, respectively.

Plant sample extraction, phytochemical screening, and thin-layer chromatography
The dryed powdered leaves of M. oleifera were macerated with 70 ethanol, with the ratio 1:10 (ratio of simplicia powder and solvent).Duration of maceration based on the depiction in method described by Vongsak et al .[8] .Phytochemical screening test of extract conducted in accordance with Syahputra et al .[9] , while profile chromatogram of TLC performed using a stationary phase of silica gel 60 F 254 and a mobile phase of toluene:ethyl acetate (7:3), as set forth by Bata et al .[10] .

Identification of phytoconstituents by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis
The qualitative analysis made reference to method developed by Umar et al .[11] , with slight modifications.5 mg of the sample was dissolved in 1 mL of MeOH, then filtered through a 0.2 μm PTFE membrane.Phytoconstituents identification was performed in a Vanquish Flex UHPLC-Q Exactive Plus Orbitrap High-Resolution Mass Spectrometer using Accucore C18, 100 ×2.1 mm, 1.5 μm (ThermoScientific) as the separation column.The source of MS ionization used was electrospray ionization (ESI) and Q-Orbitrap was used as the mass analyzer.The collision energy used for fragmentation was 18, 35, and 53 eV.Other conditions were as follows: spray voltage 3.8 kV, a capillary temperature of about 320 °C, sheath gas and auxiliary gas flow rates of 15 and 3 mL/min, respectively.

Determination of total phenolic, total flavonoid, and antioxidant activity
The measurement of total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, and antioxidant activity evaluation of M. oleifera leaves ethanol extract was conducted with alluded to Sulastri et al .[12] , with some adjustments.The total phenolic content and total flavonoid as quercetin content were tested using a spectrophotometer, while antioxidant activity was evaluated using the 2,2diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method.

Limitations
Not applicable.

Ethics Statement
We affirm that the current work excludes human subjects, animal experiments, or data from social media platforms.

Data Availability
Data on chemical and pharmacological characteristics of simplicia and ethanol extract of Moringa oleifera leaves (Original data) (Mendeley Data).

Fig. 3 .
Fig. 3. Pie chart indicating the percentage distribution of the compounds based on superclass in M. oleifera leaves ethanol extract.
antioxidant activity IC 50 1422,45 mg/kg.© 2024 The Authors.Published by Elsevier Inc.This is an open access article under the CC BY license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ ) Moringa oleifera leaves simplicia were using gravimetric analysis techniques, pour plate method and Inductively Coupled Plasma -Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP OES).Qualitative phytochemical data for the ethanol extract of M. oleifera leaves were obtained through color visualization.The UHPLC Vanquish Tandem Q Exactive Plus Orbitrap HRMS Thermo Scientific method was used to identify the active compounds.The total phenolic and total flavonoid as quercetin content in the ethanol extract of M. oleifera leaves were tested using UV-vis spectrophotometer, while antioxidant activity was evaluated using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method.Data source location M. oleifera leaves collection: Kokalukuna district, Baubau city, Southeast Sulawesi.Geographical coordinates: 05 o 25'41.68"S 122 o 39'12.47"E or 51M 461611 939987.Analysis: TropBRC IPB University; Certification Agency and Integrated Laboratory IPB University; and Laboratory of Balai Pengujian Standar Instrumen Tanaman Rempah, Obat dan Aromatik (BSIP-TROA), Bogor, Indonesia.Data accessibility Repository name: Mendeley Data Data identification number: 10.17632/hgn5gwy8h3.2Direct URL to data: https://data.mendeley.com/datasets/hgn5gwy8h3/21. Value of the Data • The data of characteristics of M. oleifera leaves simplicia

Table 1
Growing environment of M. oleifera plant.

Table 2
The characteristics of M. oleifera leaves simplicia.

Table 3
Comparison of fresh weight, dry weight, percentage shrinkage of M. oleifera leaves, and yield of M. oleifera leaves ethanol extract.

Table 4
Qualitative phytochemical screening of M. oleifera leaves ethanol extract.

Table 5
Phytoconstituents tentatively identified based on retention time (RT) matching in the ethanol extracts of M. oleifera leaves by LC-MS/MS.

Table 6
The top 10 phytoconstituents and their chemical structure with the highest relative abundance percentage (%).

Table 7
Total phenolic content, total flavonoids as quercetin content, and antioxidant activity (IC 50 ) in M. oleifera leaves ethanol extract.